TWI663975B - 治療肝臟疾病之方法 - Google Patents
治療肝臟疾病之方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI663975B TWI663975B TW107110635A TW107110635A TWI663975B TW I663975 B TWI663975 B TW I663975B TW 107110635 A TW107110635 A TW 107110635A TW 107110635 A TW107110635 A TW 107110635A TW I663975 B TWI663975 B TW I663975B
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Abstract
本揭示內容係關於預防及/或治療肝臟疾病之方法,其包含向有需要之患者投與ACC抑制劑與FXR激動劑之組合。
Description
本揭示內容係關於預防及/或治療肝臟疾病之方法。
肝臟疾病基於疾病之持續時間通常分類為急性或慢性。肝臟疾病可由感染、損傷、暴露於藥物或有毒化合物、酒精、食物中之雜質及血液中正常物質之異常積聚、自體免疫過程、遺傳缺陷(例如血色素沈積症)或未知原因引起。 肝臟疾病係全世界死亡之主要原因。特別的是,已觀察到高脂肪飲食以與肝炎驚人相似之方式損害肝臟。美國肝臟基金會(American Liver Foundation)估計超過20%之群體患有非酒精性脂肪肝臟疾病(NAFLD)。已表明,肥胖、不健康之飲食及久坐生活方式可導致NAFLD之高盛行率。當不予以治療時,NAFLD可進展為非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH),從而引起嚴重不良效應。一旦發生NASH,其會隨時間引起肝臟腫脹及疤痕(亦即肝硬化)。 儘管初步報導表明積極的生活方式改變可預防或逆轉肝臟損傷,但對於NAFLD或NASH而言無有效之醫學治療。因此,業內仍需要提供治療肝臟疾病之新穎有效之醫藥劑。
本文中揭示治療及/或預防有需要之患者之肝臟疾病的方法,其包含向該患者投與治療有效量之乙醯基-CoA羧酶(ACC)抑制劑與治療有效量之法尼醇(farnesoid) X受體(FXR)激動劑之組合。肝臟疾病可係任何肝臟疾病,包括(但不限於)慢性及/或代謝性肝臟疾病、非酒精性脂肪肝臟疾病(NAFLD)及非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)。 在某些實施例中,本文中提供治療及/或預防有需要之患者之非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)之方法,其包含向該患者投與治療有效量之ACC抑制劑與治療有效量之FXR激動劑之組合。 在本文所提供之方法中,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑可共投與。在此等實施例中,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑可作為單一醫藥組合物一起投與,或以一種以上之醫藥組合物分開投與。因此,本文中亦提供醫藥組合物,其包含治療有效量之ACC抑制劑及治療有效量之FXR激動劑。
定義及一般參數
如本說明書中所使用,除非在使用其之上下文中另有指示,否則以下術語及片語通常意欲具有如下文所述之含義。 如本文中所使用,用於定量量測背景下之術語「約」意指所指示量± 10%,或替代地所指示量± 5%或± 1%。 術語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」係指保留基礎化合物之生物有效性及性質且不係在生物學上或其他方面不合意之本文中所揭示化合物之鹽。有酸加成鹽及鹼加成鹽。醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽可自無機及有機酸製備。可用於與基礎化合物反應以形成醫藥上可接受之鹽(分別為酸加成鹽或鹼加成鹽)之酸及鹼為熟習此項技術者所已知。類似地,自基礎化合物(在揭示後)製備醫藥上可接受之鹽之方法為熟習此項技術者所已知且揭示於(例如) Berge等人,Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,
1977年1月, 第66卷, 第1期及其他來源中。 如本文中所使用,「醫藥上可接受之載劑」包括賦形劑或諸如溶劑、稀釋劑、分散介質、包衣、抗細菌及抗真菌劑、等滲及吸收延遲劑及諸如此類等對所揭示化合物或其用途無害之試劑。此等載劑及試劑用於製備醫藥活性物質之組合物之用途為業內所熟知(例如,參見Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences
, Mace Publishing Co., Philadelphia, PA 第17版(1985);及Modern Pharmaceutics
, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 第3版(G.S. Banker及C.T. Rhodes編輯)。 術語「治療有效量」及「有效量」可互換使用,且係指當以一或多個劑量投與需要此治療之患者(例如人類)時足以實現如下文所定義之治療之化合物的量。治療有效量將端視以下各項而有所變化:患者、所治療之疾病、患者之體重及/或年齡、疾病之嚴重程度或如由具資質開處方者或照護者確定之投與方式。 術語「治療(treatment或treating)」意指出於以下目的投與化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽: (i) 延遲疾病發作,亦即使疾病之臨床症狀不發展或延遲其發展;(ii) 抑制疾病,亦即使臨床症狀之發展停止;及/或(iii) 減輕疾病,亦即使其臨床症狀或嚴重程度消退。肝 臟 疾病
肝疾病基於疾病之持續時間係對肝臟之急性或慢性損害。肝臟損害可由以下引起:感染、損傷、暴露於藥物或有毒化合物(例如酒精或食物中之雜質)、血液中正常物質之異常積聚、自體免疫過程、遺傳缺陷(例如血色素沈積症)或其他未知原因。例示性肝臟疾病包括(但不限於)肝硬化、肝臟纖維化、非酒精性脂肪肝臟疾病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、酒精性脂肪性肝炎(ASH)、肝缺血再灌注損傷、原發性膽汁性肝硬化(PBC)、原發性硬化性膽管炎(PSC)及肝炎,包括病毒性及酒精性肝炎二者。 非酒精性脂肪肝臟疾病(NAFLD)係並非由酒精引起之肝細胞中多餘脂肪之積聚。NAFLD可引起肝臟腫脹(亦即脂肪性肝炎),其進而可隨時間引起瘢痕形成(亦即肝硬化)且可導致肝癌或肝衰竭。NAFLD之特徵在於肝細胞中脂肪之累積且通常與代謝症候群之一些態樣(例如2型糖尿病、胰島素抗性、高脂血症、高血壓)相關。由於食用富含碳水化合物及高脂肪之飲食,此疾病之頻率已變得愈來愈高。NAFLD患者之一子組(約20%)發生非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)。 NASH (脂肪肝臟疾病之亞型)係NAFLD之更嚴重形式。其特徵在於大泡性脂肪變性、肝細胞之氣球樣變性及/或最終導致肝結瘢(亦即纖維化)之發炎。經診斷患有NASH之患者進展至晚期肝纖維化且最終肝硬化。目前用於患有終末期疾病之肝硬化NASH患者之治療為肝臟移植。 另一常見肝臟疾病係原發性硬化性膽管炎(PSC)。其係緩慢損害肝臟內部及外部膽管之慢性或長期肝臟疾病。在患有PSC之患者中,膽汁由於膽管封阻而累積於肝臟中,在此其逐漸損害肝細胞且引起肝硬化或肝臟之結瘢。目前,對治癒PSC無有效治療。許多患有PSC之患者最終由於肝臟衰竭而需要肝臟移植,通常在經診斷患有該疾病後約10年。PSC亦可導致膽管癌。 肝臟纖維化係細胞外基質蛋白(包括膠原)之過度累積,其發生在大多數類型之慢性肝臟疾病中。晚期肝臟纖維化導致肝硬化、肝臟衰竭及門靜脈高血壓,且通常需要肝臟移植。方法
本文中揭示治療及/或預防有需要之患者之肝臟疾病的方法,其包含向該患者投與治療有效量之ACC抑制劑與治療有效量之FXR激動劑之組合。活動性肝臟疾病之存在可藉由血液中存在升高之酶含量來檢測。具體而言,已知高於臨床上可接受之正常範圍之丙胺酸轉胺酶(ALT)及天冬胺酸轉胺酶(AST)之血液含量指示持續之肝臟損害。在進行醫學治療的同時在臨床上使用常規監測肝臟疾病患者之ALT及AST血液含量來量測肝臟疾病之進展。將升高之ALT及AST降低至可接受之正常範圍內視為反映患者之持續肝臟損害之嚴重程度降低之臨床證據。 在某些實施例中,肝臟疾病係慢性肝臟疾病。慢性肝臟疾病涉及肝臟實質之進行性破壞及再生,此導致纖維化及肝硬化。一般而言,慢性肝臟疾病可由以下引起:病毒(例如B型肝炎、C型肝炎、巨細胞病毒(CMV)或艾伯斯坦-巴爾病毒(Epstein Barr Virus,EBV))、毒性藥劑或藥物(例如酒精、胺甲喋呤(methotrexate)或呋喃妥因(nitrofurantoin))、代謝性疾病(例如非酒精性脂肪肝臟疾病(NAFLD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、血色素沈積症或威爾森氏症(Wilson’s Disease))、自體免疫疾病(例如自體免疫慢性肝炎、原發性膽汁性膽管炎(先前稱為原發性膽汁性肝硬化)或原發性硬化性膽管炎)或其他原因(例如右心衰竭)。 在一個實施例中,本文中提供降低肝硬化程度之方法。在一個實施例中,肝硬化之病理學特徵在於正常微觀小葉架構之喪失,伴有纖維化及結節再生。量測肝硬化程度之方法為業內所熟知。在一個實施例中,肝硬化程度降低約5%至約100%。在一個實施例中,個體之肝硬化程度降低至少約5%、至少約10%、至少約15%、至少約20%、至少約25%、至少約30%、至少約35%、至少約40%、至少約45%、至少50%、至少約55%、至少約60%、至少約65%、至少約70%、至少約75%、至少約80%、至少約85%、至少約90%或至少約95%。 在某些實施例中,肝臟疾病係代謝性肝臟疾病。在一個實施例中,肝臟疾病係非酒精性脂肪肝臟疾病(NAFLD)。NAFLD係與胰島素抗性及代謝症候群(肥胖症、混合型高脂血症、糖尿病(II型)及高血壓)相關。認為NAFLD涵蓋一系列疾病活動且以肝臟中脂肪累積(脂肪肝)開始。 已顯示,肥胖症及胰島素抗性二者很可能在NAFLD之病程中起重要作用。除不良飲食以外,NAFLD具有若干個其他已知原因。舉例而言,NAFLD可由某些藥劑引起,例如胺碘達隆(amiodarone)、抗病毒藥物(例如核苷類似物)、阿斯匹林(aspirin)(很少作為兒童雷氏症候群(Reye’s syndrome)之一部分)、皮質類固醇、胺甲喋呤、他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)或四環素。NAFLD亦已因存在可引起腹部脂肪沈積增加之高果糖玉米糖漿而與軟飲料之消耗有關,但蔗糖之消耗顯示類似效應(可能係由於其分解成果糖)。已知遺傳學亦起作用,此乃因已鑑別出兩種針對此易感性之遺傳突變。 若不予以治療,則NAFLD可發展成非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH),其係NAFLD之最極端形式,一種脂肪變性與發炎及纖維化合併之狀態。NASH視為肝臟硬化之主要原因。因此,本文中提供治療及/或預防有需要之患者之非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)之方法,其包含向該患者投與治療有效量之ACC抑制劑與治療有效量之FXR激動劑之組合。 本文中亦提供治療及/或預防有需要之患者之肝臟纖維化之方法,其包含向該患者投與治療有效量之ACC抑制劑與治療有效量之FXR激動劑之組合。肝臟纖維化係細胞外基質蛋白(包括膠原)之過度累積,其發生在大多數類型之慢性肝臟疾病中。在某些實施例中,晚期肝臟纖維化導致肝硬化及肝臟衰竭。量測肝臟組織學(例如纖維化程度之變化、小葉肝炎及門靜脈周橋接壞死)之方法為業內所熟知。 在一個實施例中,肝臟纖維化(其為形成纖維組織、類纖維瘤或纖維變性)之程度降低超過約90%。在一個實施例中,肝臟纖維化(其為纖維組織之形成)、類纖維瘤或纖維變性之程度降低至少約90%、至少約80%、至少約70%、至少約60%、至少約50%、至少約40%、至少約30%、至少約20%、至少約10%、至少約5%或至少約2%。 在一個實施例中,本文中所提供之化合物降低肝臟中纖維發生之程度。肝臟纖維發生係導致肝臟中過量細胞外基質組分沈積之過程,稱為纖維化。其在數種病狀中觀察到,例如慢性病毒性B型肝炎及C型肝炎、酒精性肝臟疾病、藥物誘發之肝臟疾病、血色素沉著症、自體免疫肝炎、威爾森氏症、原發性膽汁性膽管炎(先前稱為原發性膽汁性肝硬化)、硬化性膽管炎、肝臟血吸蟲病及其他者。在一個實施例中,纖維發生之程度降低超過約90%。在一個實施例中,纖維發生之程度降低至少約90%、至少約80%、至少約70%、至少約60%、至少約50%、至少40%、至少約30%、至少約20%、至少約10%、至少約5%或至少2%。 在其他實施例中,本文中提供治療及/或預防有需要之患者之原發性硬化性膽管炎(PSC)之方法,其包含向該患者投與治療有效量之ACC抑制劑與治療有效量之FXR激動劑之組合。 已觀察到,在表觀遺傳學測試中,患有NASH之患者較健康患者平均年長約2.8歲。因此,在一個實施例中,可用於治療NASH之化合物將可用於減緩、改良或逆轉表觀遺傳學年齡或由於NASH所致之衰老效應。在另一實施例中,用於治療NASH之組合療法(例如如本文中所揭示之ACC抑制劑與FXR激動劑之組合)可用於改良或逆轉由於NASH所致之衰老效應。 在一個實施例中,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑可於組合調配物中一起投與或以分開之醫藥組合物投與,其中每一抑制劑可調配成任何適宜劑型。在某些實施例中,本文中所提供之方法包含分開投與包含ACC抑制劑及醫藥上可接受之載劑或賦形劑之醫藥組合物及包含FXR激動劑及醫藥上可接受之載劑或賦形劑之醫藥組合物。根據本揭示內容之組合調配物包含ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑以及一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑或賦形劑及視情況其他治療劑。含有活性成分之組合調配物可呈適於預期投與方法之任何形式。ACC 抑制劑
在本文中所揭示之方法及醫藥組合物之某些實施例中,ACC抑制劑係具有式(I)結構之化合物:,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 在本文中所揭示之方法及醫藥組合物之某些實施例中,ACC抑制劑係具有式(II)結構之化合物:,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 式(I)及式(II)之化合物可使用熟習此項技術者已知之方法來合成並表徵,例如PCT國際申請公開案第WO 2013/071169號中所闡述之彼等。在一個實施例中,ACC抑制劑係式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在一個實施例中,ACC抑制劑係式(II)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。FXR 激動劑
在本文中所揭示之方法及醫藥組合物之某些實施例中,FXR激動劑係具有式(III)結構之化合物:,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 在本文中所揭示之方法及醫藥組合物之某些實施例中,FXR激動劑係具有式(IV)結構之化合物:,或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。 式(III)及式(IV)之化合物可使用熟習此項技術者已知之方法來合成並表徵,例如美國公開案第2014/0221659號中所闡述之彼等。投用及投與
儘管活性成分可單獨投與,但較佳地可將其作為如下文所闡述之醫藥調配物或醫藥組合物呈遞。本揭示內容之用於獸用及人用二者之調配物均包含活性成分中之至少一者以及一或多種其可接受之載劑及視情況其他治療成分。該(等)載劑在與調配物之其他成分相容且對其接受者生理上無害之意義上必須「可接受」。 活性成分中之每一者可與習用載劑及賦形劑一起調配,其將根據通常實踐進行選擇。錠劑可含有賦形劑、助流劑、填充劑、黏合劑及諸如此類。水性調配物係以無菌形式製備,且當意欲藉由除經口投與以外之方式遞送時通常將係等滲的。所有調配物將視情況含有賦形劑,例如Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (1986)中所述之彼等。賦形劑包括抗壞血酸及其他抗氧化劑、螯合劑(例如EDTA)、碳水化合物(例如糊精、羥基烷基纖維素、羥基烷基甲基纖維素)、硬脂酸及諸如此類。調配物之pH在約3至約11範圍內,但通常為約7至10。 活性成分之治療有效量可由熟練臨床醫師使用習用劑量遞增研究容易地確定。通常,每一活性成分將以0.01毫克至1克之劑量投與。在一個實施例中,劑量將為約10毫克至450毫克。在另一實施例中,劑量將為約25毫克至約250毫克。在另一實施例中,劑量將為約50毫克或100毫克。在一個實施例中,劑量將為約100毫克。在一個實施例中,投與20 mg之ACC抑制劑。在特定實施例中,投與20 mg之式(II)化合物。在一個實施例中,投與30 mg之FXR激動劑。在特定實施例中,投與30 mg之式(III)化合物。預期活性成分可以一天一次、兩次或三次投與。同樣,活性成分可以一週一次或兩次、每兩週一次、每三週一次、每四週一次、每五週一次或每六週一次投與。 活性成分之醫藥組合物可包括適於前述投與途徑之彼等。調配物可便捷地以單位劑型來呈遞且可藉由製藥業內所熟知之任何方法來製備。技術及調配物通常參見Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA)。此等方法包括使活性成分與構成一或多種輔助成分之載劑締合之步驟。一般而言,調配物係藉由使活性成分與液體載劑或精細固體載劑或二者均勻且充分締合,且然後(若需要)使產物成形來製備。 適於經口投與之調配物可以以下形式來呈現:各自含有預定量之活性成分之離散單元,例如膠囊、扁囊劑或錠劑;粉末或顆粒;於水性或非水性液體中之溶液或懸浮液;或水包油液體乳液或油包水液體乳液。活性成分亦可以大丸劑、藥糖劑或糊劑之形式投與。在某些實施例中,活性成分可以皮下注射形式投與。 錠劑可藉由壓製或模製來製得,其視情況含有一或多種輔助成分。壓製錠劑可藉由在適宜機器中壓製呈自由流動形式(例如粉末或顆粒)之活性成分來製備,其視情況與黏合劑、潤滑劑、惰性稀釋劑、防腐劑或表面活性劑混合。模製錠劑可藉由在適宜機器中模製經惰性液體稀釋劑潤濕之粉末狀活性成分之混合物來製得。錠劑可視情況經包衣或刻痕且視情況經調配以自其緩慢或受控釋放活性成分。 活性成分可藉由適合病狀之任何途徑來投與。適宜途徑包括經口、經直腸、經鼻、局部(包括經頰及舌下)、經陰道及非經腸(包括皮下、肌內、靜脈內、真皮內、鞘內及硬膜外)及諸如此類。應瞭解,較佳途徑可隨(例如)接受者之情況而有所變化。在某些實施例中,活性成分為經口生物可利用的,且因此可經口投用。在一個實施例中,患者係人類。 當在本文中所揭示之方法中組合使用時,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑可於單一醫藥組合物(例如固定劑量組合)中一起投與或以一種以上之醫藥組合物分開(同時或依序)投與。在某些實施例中,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑係一起投與。在其他實施例中,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑係分開投與。在一些態樣中,ACC抑制劑係在FXR激動劑之前投與。在一些態樣中,FXR激動劑係在ACC抑制劑之前投與。當分開投與時,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑可藉由相同或不同遞送途徑投與患者。醫藥組合物
本揭示內容之醫藥組合物包含有效量之選自由式(I)化合物及式(II)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽組成之群之ACC抑制劑,及有效量之選自由式(III)化合物及式(IV)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽組成之群之FXR激動劑。 舉例而言,當用於口服使用時,可製備錠劑、糖錠劑、菱形錠劑、水性或油性懸浮液、可分散粉末或顆粒、乳液、硬質或軟質膠囊、糖漿或酏劑。意欲用於口服使用之組合物可根據業內已知之用於製造醫藥組合物之任何方法來製備,且此等組合物可含有一或多種試劑(包括甜味劑、矯味劑、著色劑及防腐劑),以便提供可口之製劑。含有活性成分與適於製造錠劑之醫藥上可接受之無毒賦形劑之混合物之錠劑係可接受的。該等賦形劑可係(例如)惰性稀釋劑,例如碳酸鈣或碳酸鈉、乳糖、乳糖一水合物、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚維酮(povidone)、磷酸鈣或磷酸鈉;造粒劑及崩解劑,例如玉蜀黍澱粉或海藻酸;黏合劑,例如纖維素、微晶纖維素、澱粉、明膠或阿拉伯樹膠;及潤滑劑,例如硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸或滑石。錠劑可未經包衣,或可藉由包括微囊化之已知技術來包衣以延遲在胃腸道中之崩解及吸附且藉此在較長時期中提供持續作用。舉例而言,可單獨採用諸如單硬脂酸甘油基酯或二硬脂酸甘油基酯等延時材料或與蠟一起採用。 用於口服使用之調配物亦可呈硬明膠膠囊,其中活性成分與惰性固體稀釋劑(例如,磷酸鈣或高嶺土(kaolin))混合;或為軟明膠膠囊,其中活性成分與水或油介質(例如,花生油、液體石蠟或橄欖油)混合。 本揭示內容之水性懸浮液含有活性材料與適於製造水性懸浮液之賦形劑之混合物。此等賦形劑包括懸浮劑,例如羧甲基纖維素鈉、甲基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、海藻酸鈉、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、黃蓍膠及阿拉伯樹膠,及分散劑或潤濕劑,例如天然磷脂(例如卵磷脂)、環氧烷與脂肪酸之縮合產物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、環氧乙烷與長鏈脂肪族醇之縮合產物(例如十七烷伸乙基氧基鯨蠟醇)、環氧乙烷與源自脂肪酸及己醣醇酸酐之部分酯之縮合產物(例如聚氧乙烯去水山梨醇單油酸酯)。水性懸浮液亦可含有一或多種防腐劑,例如對羥基苯甲酸乙酯或對羥基苯甲酸正丙酯;一或多種著色劑;一或多種矯味劑及一或多種甜味劑,例如蔗糖或糖精。 油懸浮液可藉由將活性成分懸浮於植物油(例如,花生油、橄欖油、芝麻油或椰子油)或礦物油(例如,液體石蠟)中來調配。口服懸浮液可含有增稠劑,例如蜂蠟、硬質石蠟或十六烷醇。可添加甜味劑(例如上文所述之彼等)及矯味劑以提供可口之口服製劑。該等組合物可藉由添加抗氧化劑(例如抗壞血酸)來保存。 適於藉由添加水來製備水性懸浮液之本揭示內容之可分散粉末及顆粒提供活性成分與分散劑或潤濕劑、懸浮劑及一或多種防腐劑之混合物。適宜分散劑或潤濕劑以及懸浮劑由上文所揭示之彼等例示。亦可存在其他賦形劑,例如,甜味劑、矯味劑及著色劑。 本揭示內容之醫藥組合物亦可呈水包油乳液之形式。油相可係植物油,例如橄欖油或花生油;礦物油,例如液體石蠟;或該等之混合物。適宜乳化劑包括天然樹膠,例如阿拉伯樹膠及黃蓍膠;天然磷脂,例如大豆卵磷脂;源自脂肪酸及己醣醇酸酐之酯或部分酯,例如去水山梨醇單油酸酯;及該等部分酯與環氧乙烷之縮合產物,例如聚氧乙烯去水山梨醇單油酸酯。乳液亦可含有甜味劑及矯味劑。糖漿及酏劑可與甜味劑(例如甘油、山梨醇或蔗糖)一起調配。此等調配物亦可含有緩和劑、防腐劑、矯味劑或著色劑。 本揭示內容之醫藥組合物可呈無菌可注射製劑之形式,例如無菌可注射之水性或油性懸浮液。此懸浮液可根據已知技術使用已於上文提及之彼等適宜分散劑或潤濕劑以及懸浮劑來調配。無菌可注射製劑亦可係於無毒非經腸可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之無菌可注射溶液或懸浮液(例如於1,3-丁二醇中之溶液)或製備為凍乾粉末。可採用之可接受之媒劑及溶劑係水、林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution)及等滲氯化鈉溶液。另外,可習用地採用無菌不揮發油作為溶劑或懸浮介質。出於此目的,可採用任何溫和不揮發油,包括合成單甘油酯或二甘油酯。另外,脂肪酸(例如油酸)可同樣地用於製備可注射物。 可與載劑材料組合以產生單一劑型之活性成分之量將端視於所治療主體及特定投與模式(例如經口投與或皮下注射)而有所變化。舉例而言,意欲用於經口投與人類之延時釋放調配物可含有大約1 mg至1000 mg活性材料,該活性材料與適當及便捷量之載劑材料複合,該載劑材料之量可自總組成之約5%至約95% (重量:重量)變化。醫藥組合物可經製備以提供易於測量的量以供投與。舉例而言,意欲用於靜脈內輸注之水溶液可含有約3 μg至500 μg活性成分/毫升溶液,以使得可以約30 mL小時之速率進行適宜體積之輸注。當經調配用於皮下投與時,在約兩個月至約四個月之時期內調配物通常以一個月約兩次投與。 適於非經腸投與之調配物包括水性及非水性無菌注射溶液,其可含有抗氧化劑、緩衝劑、抑菌劑及可使調配物與預期接受者之血液等滲之溶質;及水性及非水性無菌懸浮液,其可包括懸浮劑及增稠劑。 調配物可以單位劑量或多劑量容器(例如,密封安瓿及小瓶)呈遞,且可儲存於冷凍乾燥(凍乾)條件下,從而僅需在即將使用前添加無菌液體載劑(例如,注射用水)。臨時注射溶液及懸浮液係自先前所闡述之種類之無菌粉末、顆粒及錠劑來製備。較佳單位劑型調配物係如上文所陳述之含有活性成分之日劑量或單位日子劑量或其適當部分之彼等。實例 實例 1. NASH 小鼠模型中之效能
進行以下研究以評估ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑之組合在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)之小鼠模型中之效能(相對於單獨之個別藥劑在該模型中之效能)。藉由長期投與高飽和脂肪、膽固醇及糖之「速食」飲食(FFD)達總計6個月來誘導雄性C57BL/6小鼠之NASH,而使瘦的對照動物維持正常飼料(chow diet)。6個月後與對照小鼠相比,FFD小鼠中確立NASH表型,且特徵在於大泡性脂肪變性、升高之ALT及AST以及與肝臟星形細胞活化相關之增加之轉錄本含量。參見
Charlton M等人,Fast food diet mouse:novel small animal model of NASH with ballooning, progressive fibrosis, and high physiological fidelity to the human condition.American Journal of Physiology.Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2011;301 (5):G825-34。 5個月後,隨後用安慰劑(媒劑)、ACC抑制劑(式(I))、FXR激動劑(式(III))或用式(I)及式(III)之組合治療FFD小鼠1個月。對照小鼠在整個6個月之研究時期中保持正常飼料。終點分析包括肝臟甘油三酯、血漿ALT之生物化學量化及肝臟中促纖維變性轉錄本Timp1及Col1A1之量測。方法 動物
此研究中使用雄性C57CL/6小鼠(在研究開始時為12週齡)。所有用於研究動物之程序均符合美國農業部動物福祉法(U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal Welfare Act)(9 CFR第1部分、第2部分及第3部分);實驗室動物護理及使用指南(Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals)(Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C);及國立衛生研究院(National Institutes of Health)實驗室動物福祉辦公室(Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare)。FFD 小鼠模型之活體實驗方案
實驗設計示於表1中。投與研究動物標準飼料(Harlan Teklad Global Diets 2014, TD2014)或市售高脂肪、高膽固醇飲食(Research Diets Inc., DB12079B) (FFD)。投與接受FFD之動物如下於飲用水中調配之果糖/葡萄糖: 將23.1 g果糖(Sigma, F2543)及17.2 g葡萄糖(Sigma, 49158)混合至1000 mL飲用水中。 在研究之最後一個月(第5個月-第6個月),投與單獨之式(I)化合物、或式(III)化合物、或式(I)與式(III)化合物之組合。式(I)化合物及式(III)化合物係於含0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉(中等黏度)、1% w/w乙醇、98.5% w/w 50 mM Tris緩衝液(pH 8)之逆滲透水中調配。式(I)化合物係調配成0.1 mg/mL或0.2 mg/mL,且依表1中所提供之劑量給予,且式(III)化合物係調配成2 mg/mL,且依表1中所提供之劑量給予。 在PO投用前7天開始,向第1組至第6組中之動物假投用媒劑BID。假投用經設計以使動物適應經口胃管灌食劑量投與。在研究之第1天開始,向所有劑量組中之動物每日投用三次;用相同體積之不含化合物之調配物(第1組,媒劑)或如下文(表1)所概述之適當化合物在AM (7:00 +/- 1小時)依序兩次,且在晚上(19:00 +/- 1小時)一次達28天(直至投用第29天)。在第29天時將每一組分成兩部分,且一半在投用後2小時處死,且一半在投用後8小時處死。表 1 . 實驗設計及劑量組 來自鼠類肝臟之甘油三酯之量化 組織提取:
將小鼠肝臟組織樣本(25 ± 10 mg,以冷凍狀態準確地稱重)均質化並用水不混溶有機溶劑混合物萃取,該水不混溶有機溶劑混合物將三醯甘油部分以及游離及酯化膽固醇部分萃取至有機相中。離心後,將含有三醯甘油、膽固醇及膽固醇酯之有機上層之等分試樣用乙醇稀釋10倍或25倍。取此稀釋液之兩個獨立等分試樣。分析一個等分試樣之三醯甘油,第二個等分試樣用於總膽固醇測定。三醯甘油測定:
對於三醯甘油測定,將一個等分試樣之25倍稀釋液(或在具有低三醯甘油含量之樣本之情形下不稀釋)在氮流下蒸發。在超音波處理下利用於PBS溶液中之0.1%十二烷基硫酸鈉逐步重構乾燥之提取物,之後與三醯甘油測定試劑(Infinity™甘油三酯液體穩定試劑,Thermo Scientific,產品數據表,InfinityTM
,甘油三酯液體穩定試劑)混合。此試劑溶液含有若干種酶、輔因子及顯色試劑4-胺基安替比林(antipyrine)。利用此試劑測定三醯甘油(TAG)係基於Wako,產品數據表,三醯甘油- G代號997-69801, Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Dallas, TX之方法,及如下之McGowan等人(McGowan, MW等人,Clin.Chem 1983:29:538)及Fossati等人(Fossati, P. Prenciple L. Clin Chem.1892:28:2077-80)之修改: 1. 甘油三酯由脂酶酶促水解為游離脂肪酸及甘油。 2. 甘油由三磷酸腺苷(ATP)及甘油激酶(GK)磷酸化以產生甘油-3-磷酸及二磷酸腺苷。 3. 甘油-3-磷酸由磷酸二羥基丙酮(DAP)藉由甘油磷酸酯氧化酶氧化,產生過氧化氫(H2
O2
)。 4. 在由過氧化酶催化之Trinder5
型色彩反應中,H2
O2
與4-胺基安替比林(4-AAP)及3,5-二氯-2-羥基苯磺酸鹽(DHBS)反應以產生紅色染料。此染料之吸光度與樣本中所存在之甘油三酯之濃度成比例。 在與三醯甘油測定試劑一起在37℃下培育30 min後,將樣本轉移至微量滴定板中,且於微量板讀數儀(SpectraMax M2, Molecular Devices)中在540 nm下量測吸光度。使用三油酸甘油基酯(三油酸甘油酯(triolein))作為三醯甘油參照標準,使用自強化校準標準物產生之線性最小平方迴歸分析實施定量。藉助與組織樣本相同之提取及培育步驟來取校準標準樣本。使用Microsoft Excel 2013實施重量校正及濃度計算。最終組織含量係以µmol三醯甘油(TAG) / g肝臟組織給出。ALT
在最終屍體剖檢時收集來自所有小鼠之血清。根據丙酮酸鹽及5'-磷酸吡哆醛量測血清ALT且在Cobas Hitachi 6000 Chemistry System, Roche Diagnostics上進行分析。基因表現
將大約100 mg冷凍左側葉塊狀物送至DC3 Therapeutics, LLC用於溶解及RNA提取。用nCounter master套組(NanoString)中所含之所有試劑及消耗品根據製造商說明書進行NanoString分析以量測RNA轉錄本。簡言之,將靶向110個肝臟纖維化有關基因及6個對照管家基因(表2)之編碼色彩之報導基因探針在預熱之65℃溫度循環器中與100 ng RNA樣本雜交16至22小時(過夜),反應中包括雜交緩衝液及捕獲探針。培育之後,將樣本置於製備工作站上,在此將過量探針去除,並將探針-轉錄本複合物固定在經鏈黴抗生物素蛋白塗覆之柱上。最後,將該等柱於nCounter數位分析儀(NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA)中成像。利用nSover 3.0軟體將所有轉錄本正規化至6個管家基因(B2m、Hprt、Pgk1、Rpl13a、Rpn1及Sfrs4)之幾何平均值。表 2 : Nanostring 探針 結果
實例1展示在NASH之小鼠模型中,ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑之組合治療產生大於任一單獨投與之藥劑之效能。具體而言,分別地,圖1顯示相對於個別藥劑,式(I)化合物及式(III)化合物之組合顯著降低肝臟甘油三酯,圖2顯示相對於個別藥劑,式(I)化合物及式(III)化合物之組合顯著降低血清ALT,且圖3及圖4顯示相對於個別藥劑,式(I)化合物及式(III)化合物之組合顯著降低Col1a1及Timp1之肝臟表現。實例 2. NASH 之 大鼠模型中之效能
進行以下研究以評估ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑之組合在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)伴纖維化之齧齒類動物模型中之效能(相對於單獨之個別藥劑在該模型中之效能)。在此模型中,藉由投與膽鹼缺乏高脂肪飲食(CDHFD)在雄性Wistar大鼠中誘導伴纖維化之NASH。動物
雄性Wistar (Crl:Wi(Han))大鼠(到達時8-9週齡)係自Charles River, Raleigh, NC購得且用於當前研究中。此研究符合動物福祉法最終規定(Final Rules of the Animal Welfare Act regulations)(聯邦法規第9卷(Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9))、來自實驗室動物福祉辦公室(Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare)之關於人道照護及使用實驗室動物之公共衛生服務政策(Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals)及來自國家研究委員會(National Research Council)之實驗室動物之照護及使用指南(Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals)之所有適用部分。媒劑製備
媒劑(於去離子水中之w/v 50 mM tris緩衝液(pH 8))係在使用前製備且儲存在設定維持在2-8℃下之冰箱中。為製備1 L,將800 mL熱水(約80℃)添加至適當容器且劇烈攪拌直至形成激烈渦旋。將5.0克甲基纖維素鈉緩慢添加至羧甲基纖維素鈉進行渦旋。繼續攪拌直至所有羧甲基纖維素溶解為止,且將溶液冷卻至環境溫度。將5.12 g Tris HCl添加至容器。將2.12 g Tris鹼添加至容器。將10 g乙醇添加至容器。將組分攪拌大約15分鐘,確保所有固體均已溶解。在柔和混合下添加QS水至1 L。研究設計
食物係酌情隨意(pro libitum)的,且在研究第1天給予所有研究中之動物膽鹼缺乏、高脂肪、高膽固醇飲食(CDHFD;Research Diets, A16092003) (第1組對照飼料組除外,其接受標準飲食(5CR4)),如表3中所概述。在處死當天,收穫肝臟並進行石蠟包埋,且收集血漿並冷凍。處死當天不對動物進行投用。表 3. 實驗設計及劑量組
由Charles River (Reno, Nevada)收集組織,在Histo-tec (Hayward, CA)處理並包埋於石蠟中且然後運至Gilead Sciences (Foster City)。將樣本以5 μm切片且將切片安裝在載玻片上以用於隨後染色。 苦味酸天狼星紅 (picrosirius red) 染色:
使切片於0.2%磷鉬酸(EMS,目錄號26357-01)中預處理,且接著隨後於飽和苦味酸溶液中之0.1% (W/V)天狼星紅(Sirius Red) 88-89-1 (EMS,目錄號26357-02)中在室溫下培育1小時。此後於0.01 N HCl (EMS,目錄號26357)中分化且於分級醇中脫水。 使用Leica AT2掃描儀以40×放大率捕獲經苦味酸天狼星紅(PSR)染色載玻片之全載玻片影像。檢查數位載玻片影像之掃描品質,注釋且輸出至Leica數位影像Hub檔案內之適當網路文件夾。使用Visiopharm影像分析軟體(Visiopharm, Hoersholm, Denmark)對全載玻片影像實施定量影像分析以測定PSR之程度及強度。量測總PSR染色面積且表示為經染色之總肝臟面積百分比。結果示於圖7中。 α-SMA :
將切片於3次更換之二甲苯中各自脫蠟5分鐘,且隨後於3次更換之100% EtOH、1次更換之95% EtOH、1次更換之80% EtOH中各自再水化3分鐘;之後在蒸餾水連續沖洗2次。然後將切片於Peroxidazed 1 (Biocare Medical,目錄號PX968)內源性過氧化物酶封阻劑中培育5分鐘且於蒸餾水中沖洗。然後使用Reveal Decloaker (Biocare Medical,目錄號RV1000M)在95℃下用Decloaking Chamber NxGen (Biocare Medical,目錄號DC2012)實施熱誘導之表位修復40分鐘,之後以蒸餾水替代修復緩衝液逐漸冷卻且置於tris緩衝鹽水(TBS)中。使用Intellipath自動染色儀(Biocare Medical,目錄號IPS0001)使用以下步驟對所製備之載玻片實施免疫組織化學: 1. 將300 uL之Background Punisher (Biocare Medical,目錄號IP974G20)施加至載玻片且培育10分鐘;之後TBS洗滌。 2. 施加300 uL以1:50稀釋於Da Vinci Green稀釋劑(Biocare Medical,目錄號PD900L)中之小鼠單株SMA純系1A4之一級抗體(Biocare Medical,目錄號CM001)。在室溫下培育30分鐘;之後TBS洗滌。 3. 施加300 uL之Mouse on Rat HRP Polymer (Biocare Medical,目錄號MRT621H)且培育30分鐘;之後TBS洗滌。 4. 製備DSB: 1滴DSB色素原/ 1 ml受質緩衝液(Biocare Medical,目錄號分別為BRI 4014C / BRI 4013)。施加300 uL Deep Space Black (DSB)色素原並保持5分鐘;之後蒸餾水洗滌。 5. 用核固紅(Nuclear Fast Red)(Biocare Medical,目錄號STNFRLT)複染1分鐘;之後蒸餾水洗滌。 將載玻片自儀器移除且藉助一系列分級的組織學級醇至二甲苯脫水並蓋上蓋玻片。 使用Leica AT2掃描儀以40×放大率捕獲經α-SMA染色之載玻片之全載玻片影像。檢查數位載玻片影像之掃描品質,注釋且輸出至Leica數位影像Hub檔案內之適當網路文件夾。使用Visiopharm影像分析軟體(Visiopharm, Hoersholm, Denmark)對全載玻片影像實施定量影像分析以測定α-SMA之程度及強度。量測總α-SMA染色面積且表示為經染色之總肝臟面積百分比。 血漿 TIMP-1 ELISA :
使用市售大鼠TIMP-1特異性ELISA套組(R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN,目錄號RTM100)以一式兩份測定血漿TIMP-1濃度。根據製造商之說明書稍作修改,分析血漿中之TIMP-1。將緩衝液RD1-21 (50 μL)添加至預塗覆有小鼠抗TIMP-1之ELISA板孔。在進行ELISA之前,產生大鼠TIMP-1 (表現NS0之重組TIMP-1:2400-37.5 pg/mL)之七點標準曲線並將血漿樣本以1:20稀釋於緩衝液RD5-17中。將樣本及標準物(各自50 μL)以一式兩份添加至含有RD1-21之孔,且在環繞式板振盪器(orbital plate shaker)(300 rpm)上培育(室溫) 2小時。在抗原捕獲後,使用自動化板洗滌器,使用洗滌緩衝液洗滌分析板5次(350 μL/孔/洗滌)。洗滌後,將大鼠TIMP-1偶聯物(100 μl)添加至每一孔,並將板在環繞式板振盪器(300 rpm)上培育(室溫) 2小時。然後將板洗滌5次,且將受質溶液(100 μL)添加至每一孔。將板在室溫下避光培育30分鐘。最後,將停止溶液(100 μl)添加至每一孔。立即在SpectraMax 190微量板讀數儀(Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale CA)上在450 nm下測定光密度(O.D.)吸光度。將每一標準物及樣本之相對O.D.針對空白樣本進行背景校正,且使用4參數曲線擬合方法產生O.D.轉化為TIMP-1濃度之標準曲線。使用SoftMax Pro5軟體使用20之稀釋因數來決定未知樣本之TIMP-1濃度。結果示於圖7中。 血漿 PIIINP :
使用市售大鼠原膠原(Procollagen)III N末端前肽(PIIINP) ELISA套組(Biomatik, Wilmington, DE,目錄號EKU06788)以一式兩份測定血漿PIIINP濃度。根據製造商之說明書稍作修改,在於PBS中稀釋50倍之血漿中分析PIIINP。取在標準稀釋劑中重構之標準儲備液,製備7個標準物(2,000 pg/mL、1,000 pg/mL、500 pg/mL、250 pg/mL、125 pg/mL、62.5 pg/mL、31.2 pg/mL)。將各100 μL之標準物、空白及樣本添加至適當孔中。將板用板封膜覆蓋且在37℃下培育1小時。自每一孔去除液體後,將100 μL檢測試劑A工作溶液添加至每一孔,且用板封膜覆蓋,然後在37℃下培育1小時。用350 μL 1×洗滌液洗滌各孔且靜置1至2分鐘(3次)。最後一次洗滌後,藉由傾析及吸收紙吸乾去除任何剩餘之洗滌緩衝液。然後將100 μL檢測試劑B工作溶液添加至每一孔,將板用板封膜覆蓋且在37℃下培育30分鐘。將抽吸/洗滌製程重複總計5次。將90 μL受質溶液添加至每一孔,將板用新的板封膜覆蓋且在37℃避光下培育10 - 20分鐘。液體因添加受質溶液而變為藍色。最後將50 μL停止溶液添加至每一孔。然後液體變為黃色。藉由輕輕敲打板之側面來將液體混合。立即在SpectraMax 190微量板讀數儀(Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale CA)上在450 nm下測定光密度(O.D.)吸光度。將每一標準物及樣本之相對O.D.針對空白樣本進行背景校正,且使用4參數曲線擬合方法產生O.D.轉化為PIIINP濃度之標準曲線。使用SoftMax Pro5軟體,使用50之稀釋因數確定未知樣本之PIIINP濃度。結果示於圖9中。 血漿玻尿酸 (HA) 分析:
使用市售HA測試套組(Corgenix, Inc., Broomfield, CO,目錄號029-001)以一式兩份測定血漿HA 濃度。根據製造商之說明書稍作修改在血漿中分析HA。分析之前,產生HA參照溶液(800-12.5 ng/mL)之七點標準曲線,並將每一參照樣本及血漿樣本以1份稀釋至10份反應緩衝液(30 μL參照/樣本至300 μL反應緩衝液)。將樣本及標準物(100 μL)以一式兩份添加至預塗覆有HA結合蛋白(HABP)之微量板孔,且在環繞式板振盪器(300 rpm)上培育(室溫) 60分鐘。在抗原捕獲後,使用自動化板洗滌器用PBS將板洗滌4次(350 μL/孔/洗滌)。洗滌後,將HRP偶聯HABP (100 μL)添加至每一孔,且將板在環繞式板振盪器(300 rpm)上培育(室溫) 30分鐘。然後將板洗滌4次,且將單組分受質溶液(100 μl)添加至每一孔。將板在室溫下避光培育30分鐘。最後,將停止溶液(100 μl)添加至每一孔。立即在SpectraMax 190微量板讀數儀(Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale CA)上在450 nm下測定光密度(O.D.)吸光度。將每一標準物及樣本之相對O.D.針對空白樣本進行背景校正,且使用4參數曲線擬合方法產生O.D.轉化為HA濃度之標準曲線。使用SoftMax Pro5軟體確定未經稀釋之未知樣本之HA濃度。結果示於圖8中。結果
實例2展示在NASH之大鼠模型中,利用ACC抑制劑及FXR激動劑之組合治療產生大於任一單獨投與之藥劑之效能。具體而言,圖5-9顯示相對於媒劑,式(I)化合物及式(III)化合物之組合顯著降低纖維化之標記物(包括苦味酸天狼星陽性面積百分比、α-SMA陽性面積百分比)及與纖維化相關之三種血漿標記物(TIMP1、HA及PIIINP)。圖6及圖9分別顯示相對於個別藥劑,式(I)化合物及式(III)化合物之組合顯著降低α-SMA及PIIINP。
圖 1.
鼠類FFD模型中以umol/g計之肝臟甘油三酯。(*p < 0.05;**p < 0.01;***p < 0.001;****p < 0.0001,藉由ANOVA與媒劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 2.
鼠類FFD模型中之ALT IU/L。(*** p < 0.001;藉由ANOVA與媒劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 3.
在鼠類FFD模型中藉由定量RT-PCR量測之肝臟纖維化基因Col1a1之肝臟表現。(**p < 0.01;****p < 0.0001,藉由ANOVA與媒劑差異顯著;#藉由t-測試與任一單一藥劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 4.
在鼠類FFD模型中藉由定量RT-PCR量測之肝臟纖維化基因Timp1之肝臟表現。(*p < 0.05;****p < 0.0001,藉由ANOVA與媒劑差異顯著;#藉由t-測試與任一單一藥劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 5.
在大鼠CDHFD模型中藉由定量影像分析之PSR陽性面積%。(**p < 0.01,***p < 0.001,****p < 0.0001,藉由t-測試與媒劑差異顯著;及p < 0.001,藉由t-測試與治療開始差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 6.
在大鼠CDHFD模型中藉由定量影像分析之α-SMA陽性面積%。(**p < 0.01,藉由t-測試與媒劑差異顯著;及p < 0.001,藉由t-測試與治療開始差異顯著;# p < 0.05,藉由t-測試與任一單一藥劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 7.
在大鼠CDHFD模型中藉由ELISA量測之血漿中之Timp1蛋白。(*p < 0.05,藉由t-測試與媒劑差異顯著;及p < 0.001,藉由t-測試與治療開始差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 8.
在大鼠CDHFD模型中藉由ELISA量測之血漿中之玻尿酸(HA)。**p < 0.01,***p < 0.001,****p < 0.0001,藉由t-測試與媒劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。圖 9.
在大鼠CDHFD模型中藉由ELISA量測之血漿中之III型膠原之N末端前肽(PIIINP)。(*p < 0.05,**p < 0.01,****p < 0.0001,藉由t-測試與媒劑差異顯著;及p < 0.001,藉由t-測試與治療開始差異顯著;# p < 0.05,藉由t-測試與任一單一藥劑差異顯著)。圖表顯示平均值± SEM。
Claims (11)
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之用途,其中該ACC抑制劑及該FXR激動劑係一起投與。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之用途,其中該ACC抑制劑及該FXR激動劑係分開投與。
- 如請求項1至4中任一項之用途,其中該肝臟疾病係非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)。
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| KR20190036705A (ko) | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-05 | 한미약품 주식회사 | (2r)-2-(2-메톡시페닐)-2-(옥산-4-일옥시)에탄-1-올 화합물의 신규 제조방법 및 이에 사용되는 중간체 |
| EP3691648A1 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2020-08-12 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Combination therapy comprising an acc inhibitor |
| EP3873900B1 (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2025-01-08 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as alpha4beta7 integrin inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases |
| HRP20240265T1 (hr) | 2019-01-15 | 2024-05-10 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Spoj izoksazola kao fxr agonist i farmaceutski pripravci koji ga sadrže |
| CN118388473A (zh) | 2019-02-19 | 2024-07-26 | 吉利德科学公司 | Fxr激动剂的固体形式 |
| CA3132044A1 (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | Brian Kirby | Formulations of a compound and uses thereof |
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2018
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2020
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2021
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| US20140221659A1 (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2014-08-07 | Phenex Pharmaceuticals Ag | Novel fxr (nr1h4) binding and activity modulating compounds |
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| EP4122464B1 (en) | 2024-05-15 |
| EP3600309A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
| JP2020512349A (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
| EP3600309B1 (en) | 2022-06-22 |
| WO2018183193A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| EP4122464A1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
| ES2927019T3 (es) | 2022-11-02 |
| AU2018243719B2 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
| US20240165119A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
| KR20220119520A (ko) | 2022-08-29 |
| US20180280394A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| EP4424364A3 (en) | 2024-11-27 |
| EP4424364A2 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
| CN110461328A (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
| CA3055581A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| AU2018243719A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
| PL3600309T3 (pl) | 2022-11-07 |
| KR102743630B1 (ko) | 2024-12-18 |
| CA3055581C (en) | 2023-03-14 |
| TW201902482A (zh) | 2019-01-16 |
| SI3600309T1 (sl) | 2022-10-28 |
| AU2021202387A1 (en) | 2021-05-20 |
| KR20190126920A (ko) | 2019-11-12 |
| PL4122464T3 (pl) | 2024-09-16 |
| JP2021038259A (ja) | 2021-03-11 |
| ES2982801T3 (es) | 2024-10-17 |
| SI4122464T1 (sl) | 2024-07-31 |
| US20210015818A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
| PT4122464T (pt) | 2024-06-27 |
| KR20240091322A (ko) | 2024-06-21 |
| US11833150B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
| JP6906626B2 (ja) | 2021-07-21 |
| PT3600309T (pt) | 2022-10-03 |
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