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TWI528911B - 電熱氣溶膠產生系統 - Google Patents

電熱氣溶膠產生系統 Download PDF

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TWI528911B
TWI528911B TW098107959A TW98107959A TWI528911B TW I528911 B TWI528911 B TW I528911B TW 098107959 A TW098107959 A TW 098107959A TW 98107959 A TW98107959 A TW 98107959A TW I528911 B TWI528911 B TW I528911B
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supercapacitors
during
substrate
switches
heating element
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TW200942185A (en
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菲里克斯 弗拿多
珍皮爾 科迪
法蘭克 波拉特
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菲利浦莫里斯製品股份有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/50—Control or monitoring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/90—Arrangements or methods specially adapted for charging batteries thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/04—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised
    • A61M11/041—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters
    • A61M11/042—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/06—Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)

Description

電熱氣溶膠產生系統
本發明關於一種用於收納形成氣溶膠之基板的電熱氣溶膠產生系統，及用於將形成氣溶膠之基板電熱的方法。本發明發現作為一種電熱點煙系統之特定應用。
多數先前技術文件，例如，US-A-5 060 671、US-A-5 388 594、US-A-5 505 214、US-A-5 591 368、WO-A-2004/043175、EP-A-0 358 002、EP-A-0 295 122、EP-A-1 618 803、EP-A-1 736 065及WO-A-2007/131449，揭露具多數優勢之電操作點煙系統。一種優勢為其明顯降低測流煙，而允許吸煙者選擇暫停且重啟吸煙。
US-A-5 388 594說明一種電點煙系統。該點煙系統包含香煙及可重複使用之打火機。該香煙可配合插入打火機前端之孔並自其取出。該打火機包含外殼且具有前部位與後部位。用於供應能量給加熱元件，以將香煙加熱之電源係配置在打火機之後部位。該電源之大小可以提供足夠電力給將香煙加熱之加熱元件。該電源較佳為可更換及可再充電，且其在一較佳實施例中為電池。該前部位較佳地收納加熱元件及電路，電路係用與該電源作電連絡。該點煙系統之使用方式與習知之香煙甚為相同。
WO-A-2004/043175亦說明一種電點煙系統。在該文件中，該電熱香煙點煙系統包含上加熱器機殼蓋、前外殼及左與右電池機殼部。加熱器單元位在該加熱器之機殼蓋下方，將該加熱器單元裝在隔間內部，其相對於該裝置之前外殼將該加熱器單元定位。在該加熱器機殼蓋頂端之開口允許將香煙插入該加熱器單元之頂端開口。當已通過該加熱器機殼蓋之開口插入香煙且插在該加熱器單元之開口中時，其位在複數個加熱器片附近，其係配置在香煙四周。當香煙位在該開口中時，插槽透過該加熱器機殼蓋，提供通到供周遭空氣進入該裝置。印刷電路板係位在該隔間與前外殼之間。加熱器單元連接器係位在內外殼構建中之該加熱器單元下方。此提供該加熱器片與如為電池之電源之間的電連結，該電池係收納在電池機殼部內。
US-A-5 060 671說明具有由加熱器與產生口味媒質所構成之可丟棄部件的產生口味裝置及由電源所構成之可重複使用的部件。
如EP-A-0 295 122、EP-A-1 618 803及EP-A-1 736 065之其它先前技術文件揭露使用液體作為形成氣溶膠之基板的電點煙系統。該液體可內含在可收納在外殼中之匣筒中。提供有如電池之電源供應器，連接至加熱器，以在抽煙期間將該液體基板加熱，以形成供應給吸煙者之氣溶膠。
包含上述者之先前技術的電熱氣溶膠產生系統代表性地提供高功率脈衝給加熱器，以提供高溫且為每一口抽煙釋出揮發性化合物。
包含上述者之先前技術的電熱氣溶膠產生系統真具有多數優勢，但在設計上仍具改善空間。若可將該等裝置做得更小，使其大小較接近習知香煙之大小且對使用者更方便則會具優勢。
因此，本發明之一項目的在提供經改善之電熱氣溶膠產生系統。
依據本發明之第一觀點，提供有一種用於收納形成氣溶膠之基板的電熱氣溶膠產生系統，該系統包括：至少一個加熱元件，用於將該基板加熱以形成該氣溶膠；以及電源供應器，用於供應電力給該至少一個加熱元件，該電源供應器包括：電壓源，兩個或更多個超級電容器，以及複數開關，介於該電壓源與該兩個或更多個超級電容器之間，該等開關係配置成該兩個或更多個超級電容器在充電模式期間係至少部份彼此並聯，藉由該電壓源加以充電，且該兩個或更多個超級電容器在加熱模式期間係彼此串聯，經由該至少一個加熱元件加以放電。
本發明藉由使用充電諸超級電容器及透過至少一個加熱元件放電，允許較小之電熱氣溶膠產生系統。本發明因為由電壓源所供應之電壓不需為跨接該加熱元件所需之總電壓，故是有利的。這是由於該等超級電容器係並聯充電，卻串聯放電。此外，整體系統效率遞增。
在一個實施例中，該系統更包括在該電壓源與該兩個或更多個超級電容器之間的升壓或降壓電路。若由該電壓源所供應之電壓與跨接該該兩個或更多個超級電容器之最大電壓不匹配的話，這是有用的。
在一個實施例中，該系統包括：使用者握持部，以及外界充電部，該使用者握持部包括至少一個加熱元件、該兩個或更多個超級電容器、及在加熱模式期間連接該兩個或更多個超級電容器所需之至少某些開關，該外界充電部包括該電壓源與在充電模式期間連接該兩個或更多個超級電容器所需之至少某些開關。此實施例有利的，因為，可將僅在充電期間所需，且在加熱期間不需之任一電路移至該外界充電部。此允許進一步降低使用者握持部之大小。
較佳地，該使用者握持部及外界充電部在加熱模式期間係彼此電連接，且在加熱模式期間斷開彼此的電連接。
該形成氣溶膠之基板較佳地包括含菸草之材料，該材料含加熱時自基板所釋出之揮發性菸草口味化合物。替代地，該形成氣溶膠之基板可包括如在EP-A-1 750 788及EP-A-1 439 876之裝置中所使用的非菸草材料。
較佳地，該形成氣溶膠之基板更包括氣溶膠形成體。適當之氣溶膠形成體實例為甘油及丙二醇。在EP-A-0 277 519及US-A-5 396 911中說明潛在適當之氣溶膠形成體的其他實例。
該形成氣溶膠之基板可為固態基板。該固態基板可包括，例如，一種或更多種：粉末、細粒、碎粒、碎片、條管、條片或薄片包含一種或更多種：藥草葉、菸草葉、菸草碎脈、複合菸草(reconstituted tobacco)、均質菸草(homogenized tobacco)、擠壓菸草(extruded tobacco)及膨脹菸草(expanded tobacco)。該固態基板可為疏鬆形狀，或可設在適當之容器或匣筒中。可選擇地，該固態基板包含另外之菸草或將基板加熱時釋放之非菸草揮發性口味的化合物。
可選擇地，該固態基板設在熱穩定之承載體(carrier)上或內嵌於其中。該承載體形式可為粉末、細粒、碎粒、碎片、條管、條片或薄片。替代地，該承載體可為具有如在US-A-5 505 214、UA-A-5 591 368及US-A-5 388 594中所揭露之沉積在其內表面上、或外表面上、或內表面與外表面兩者上之基板之薄層的管狀承載體。此種管狀承載體，例如，由紙、似紙之材料、不織碳纖維墊、低質量之開口網狀金屬幕、或穿孔之金屬箔或任何其他之熱穩定聚合物基體所形成。
該固態基板可，例如，以薄片、泡綿、凝膠或泥漿形式沉積在承載體表面上。該固態基板可沉積在該承載體之整個表面上，或替代地，為了於使用期間提供不均勻口味之傳送，可沉積成一種圖案。
替代地，該承載體可為不織纖維或纖維束，裡面納入有菸草成分，如EP-A-0 857 431中之說明。該不織纖維或纖維束可包括，例如，碳纖維、自然纖維素纖維、或纖維素衍生物。
替代地，該承載體可為該電熱氣溶膠產生系統之加熱元件的至少一部份。在此等情況下，該加熱元件向來為可丟棄式。例如，如US-A-5 060 671中之說明，該固態基板可在金屬箔或電組支撐上沉積為薄層。
替代地，形成氣溶膠之基板可為液態基板。若提供的是液態基板，則該電熱氣溶膠產生系統較佳地包括保存該液體之手段。例如，如EP-A-0 893 071中所說明者，可將該液態基板保存在容器中。如在WO-A-2007/024130、WO-A-2007/066374、EP-A-1 736 062、WO-A-2007/131449及WO-A-2007/131450中之說明，替代地或另外地，該液態基板可被吸附在多孔之承載體材料內。該多孔之承載體材料可製造自任一適當之吸附劑栓或體，例如，發泡金屬或塑膠材料、聚丙烯、聚酯纖維、尼龍纖維或陶磁。於該電熱氣溶膠產生系統使用前可將該液態基板保存在多孔之承載體材料中，或替代地，在使用前期間可或在使用前即刻將該液態基板材料釋放在該多孔之承載體材料中。如WO-A-2007/077167中之說明，例如，可將該液態基板提供在膠囊中。該膠囊殼較佳是於加熱時即熔化並使該液態基板釋放在該多孔之承載體材料中。可選擇地，該膠囊包含與液體結合之固體。
若該形成氣溶膠之基板為液態基板，則該電熱氣溶膠產生系統可再包括一次將小量液體加熱之手段。如EP-A-0 893 071中之說明，用於一次將小量液體加熱之手段可包含，例如，與該液態基板連絡之液態通道。藉由毛細管力量，典型地可使該液態基板成為液態通道。該加熱元件較佳地配置成在使用期間只有將在該在液態通道內之小量液態基板，非容器內之液體加熱及揮發。
替代地，或另外，若該形成氣溶膠之基板為液態基板，則該電熱氣溶膠產生系統可再包括與液態基板源接觸之霧化器且包含至少一個加熱元件。除了該加熱元件之外，該霧化器可包含如壓電元件之一個或更多個電機械元件。此外或替代地，該霧化器亦可包含使用靜電、電磁或氣動效應之諸元件。該電熱氣溶膠產生系統又可再還包括凝結室。
該形成氣溶膠之基板可替代地為任一其它種類之基板，例如，氣態基板，或任何各種形式基板之組合。在操作期間，該基板可完全包含在電熱氣溶膠產生系統中。在該情況中，使用者可在該電熱氣溶膠產生系統之吹嘴上抽煙。替代地，在操作期間，該基板可部份包含在電熱氣溶膠產生系統中。在該情況中，該基板可形成部分分離物件且使用者可直接在該分離物件上抽煙。
該至少一個加熱元件可包括單一加熱元件。替代地，該至少一個加熱元件可包括一個以上之加熱元件。可適當配置該加熱元件或該等加熱元件，以便最有效地加熱該形成氣溶膠之基板。
該至少一個加熱元件較佳地包括電阻式材料。適當之電阻式材料包含但不限於：如掺雜陶瓷之半導體、電”導”陶瓷(例如為二矽化鉬)、碳、石墨、各種金屬、各種金屬合金及由陶瓷材料與金屬材料製成之複合材料。該等複合材料可包括掺雜或部掺雜陶瓷。適當掺雜陶瓷之實例包含掺雜之碳化矽。適當金屬之實例包含鈦、鋯、鉭及來自鉑族之金屬。適當金屬合金之實例包含不鏽鋼、含鎳、鈷、鉻、鋁、鈦、鋯、鉿、鈮、鉬、鉭、鎢、錫、鎵、錳及鐵之合金，及以鎳、鐵、鈷、不鏽鋼、Timetal為基之超級合金以及以鐵-錳-鋁為基之合金。取決於能量傳輸之動力及所需之外部物理化學特性，在複合材料中，該電阻式材料可選擇為內崁在絕緣材料中、封裝或覆以絕緣材料或反之亦然。US-A-5 498 855、WO-A-03/095688及US-A-5 514 630中揭露適當之複合加熱元件的實例。
替代地，該至少一個加熱元件可包括紅外線加熱元件，例如為在US-A-5 934 289中所說明之那些光子源、或例如在US-A-5 613 505中所說明之那些感應式加熱元件。
該至少一個加熱元件可作任何適當形狀。例如，該至少一個加熱元件可採用如在US-A-5 388 594、US-A-5 591 368及US-A-5 505 214中所說明之那些加熱片之形狀。替代地，該至少一個加熱元件可採用：外殼；或如EP-A-1 128 741中之說明，具相異電導部位之基板；或如WO-A-2007/066374中之說明，具電阻式金屬管之基板之形狀。在該形成氣溶膠之基板為設在容器內之液體情況，該容器可包含可丟棄式加熱元件。替代地，如KR-A-100636287及JP-A-2006320286中之說明，通過該形成氣溶膠之基板中心的一支或更多支加熱針或棒可亦為適當的。替代地，該至少一個加熱元件可為碟式(端部)加熱器或具加熱針或棒之碟式加熱器的組合。其它替代元件包含加熱線或絲，例如，鎳鎘、鉑、鎢或如在EP-A-1 736 065中所說明之那些合金線、或加熱板。可選擇地，該加熱元件沉積在鋼性承載體材料中或上。
該至少一個加熱元件可包括散熱座、或貯熱器，該貯熱器包括能吸熱及儲存熱且隨著時間，稍後將熱釋放至該形成氣溶膠之基板的材料。在EP-A-0 857 431、US-A-2006/118128及WO-A-2008/015441中說明適當之散熱座。該散熱座可由如適當金屬或陶瓷材料之任何適當材料形成。較佳地，該材料具高熱容量(感熱儲存材料)，或為可吸收且透過如高溫相位變更之可逆程序，稍後釋熱之材料。適當之感熱儲存材料包含矽凝膠、鋁、碳、玻璃墊、玻璃纖維、礦物質、金屬或如鋁、銀或鉛之合金、及如紙之纖維素材料。透過可逆相位變更以釋熱之其它適當材料包含石蠟、醋酸鈉、萘、蠟、氧化聚乙烯、金屬、金屬鹽、共熔鹽或合金之混合物。
如EP-A-0 857 431中所說明，該散熱座或貯熱器係可配置成其直接與該形成氣溶膠之基板接觸且可將經儲存之熱直接傳輸至基板。替代地，如WO-A-2008/015441中之說明，可將經儲存在散熱座或貯熱器中之熱藉由如金屬管之熱導管，傳輸至該形成氣溶膠之基板。
該至少一個加熱元件藉由熱傳導，可將該形成氣溶膠之基板加熱。該加熱元件可至少與該基板或上面有沉積基板之承載體部份接觸。替代地，藉由熱傳導元件可將來自該加熱元件之熱傳導至該基板。
替代地，該至少一個加熱元件可將熱傳輸至在使用期間透過該電熱氣溶膠產生系統引入的周圍空氣，其依序地藉對流，將該形成氣溶膠之基板加熱。如WO-A-2007/066374中之說明，該周圍空氣在通過該形成氣溶膠之基板前可將其加熱。替代地，如WO-A-2007/078273中之說明，若該形成氣溶膠之基板為液態基板，則可首先引入該周圍空氣通過該基板，且然後予以加熱。
較佳地，該電源供應器之兩個或更多個超級電容器係配置成兩組或更多組超級電容器，每一組包括一個超級電容器或串聯之兩個或更多個超級電容器，其中在充電模式期間該兩組或更多組超級電容器係彼此成並聯連接，且在加熱模式期間該兩組或更多組超級電容器係彼此串聯連接。該兩個或更多個超級電容器可包括二、三、四、五、六或更多個超級電容器、或任何其它適當個數之超級電容器。該兩組或更多組超級電容器可包括二、三、四、五、六或更多組、或任何其它個數組。依據所需之電壓，每一組中可使用適當個數之超級電容器。
在一個實施例中，該系統更包括一個感測器，以檢測表示使用者抽煙之氣流。較佳地，該感測器係連接至該等開關之至少一者，該等開關為當檢測到抽煙時用以在充電模式與加熱模式之間切換。
該感測器可為電機械裝置。替代地，該感測器可為機械裝置、光學裝置、光機械裝置及以微動電機械系統(MEMS)為基礎之感測器，的任一者。較佳地，在該實施例中，該感測器係連接至該電源供應器且該系統係配置成當該感測器檢測到使用者抽煙時將該等開關切換至加熱模式。當檢測到抽煙時，在該加熱元件需要高能量脈衝。該等超級電容器此時將透過該加熱元件放電，因此產生所需之高電流脈衝。
在替代之實施例中，該系統更包括手動操作開關，供使用者開始抽煙。
在一實施例中，該系統係設計成供使用者於加熱模式期間多口抽煙，且該等開關係配置成該兩個或更多個超級電容器在每一口抽煙期間，僅經由至少一個加熱元件加以部分放電。
較佳地，該等開關中之一個或更多個為固態開關。較佳地，該一個或更多個開關為MOSFET(金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體)開關。替代地，該一個或更多個固態開關可為任何其它型式之FET(場效電晶體)開關。尤其有利的是，該等開關當閉合時與該加熱元件之阻抗比較，具非常低之阻抗。
較佳地，該系統更包括用於收納該形成氣溶膠之基板之外殼且設計成供使用者握持。
在一個較佳實施例中，該電壓源為DC電壓、電源。在一個實施例中，該電壓源為鋰離子電池。替代地，該電壓源可為氫化鎳金屬電池或鎳鎘電池。在一個較佳實施例中，該兩個或更多個超級電容器為電化學雙層超級電容器。在另一個較佳實施例中，該兩個或更多個超級電容器為包括奈米多孔材料之超級電容器。在替代實施例中，該兩個或更多個超級電容器可包含電化學雙層超級電容器與含奈米多孔材料之超級電容器的組合。
與US-A-5 388 594之系統或WO-A-2004/043175之系統相關聯所說明的特性可被納入本發明之系統中。
依據本發明之第二觀點，提供有一種將形成氣溶膠之基板電熱的方法，該方法包括以下步驟：提供至少一個加熱元件，用於將該基板加熱以形成該氣溶膠；提供電源供應器，用於供應電力給該至少一個加熱元件，該電源供應器包括電壓源、兩個或更多個超級電容器、及介於該電壓源與該兩個或更多個超級電容器之間的諸開關；在充電模式期間，切換該等開關使得該兩個或更多個超級電容器係至少部份彼此並聯，藉由該電壓源加以充電；以及在加熱模式期間，切換該等開關使得該兩個或更多個超級電容器係彼此串聯，經由該至少一個加熱元件加以放電。
較佳地，該兩個或更多個超級電容器係配置成兩組或更多組超級電容器，每一組包括一個超級電容器或串聯之兩個或更多個超級電容器，其中在該兩組或更多組超級電容器在充電模式期間係彼此並聯，且該兩組或更多組超級電容器在加熱模式期間係彼此串聯。依據所需之電壓，在每一組中可使用適當個數之超級電容器。
較佳地，該等開關中之一個或更多個為固態開關。較佳地，該一個或更多個開關為MOSFET(金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體)開關。
與本發明之一個觀點相關聯所說明的多種特點亦可適用於本發明之另一個觀點。
僅藉由實例，本發明將參照該等伴隨之附圖進一步加予以說明。
如已經提及者，已知之電點煙系統向來使用電池組為電源，其供應電力給控制電子及加熱器將該基板加熱。在WO-A-2004/043175中所說明之電點煙系統中，可串聯三個鋰離子(Li-ion)電池(每個大致為3.7V)以提供11.1V之電池供應。為了提供必要電力給加熱器，尤其是每一口抽煙所需之高功率脈衝，需要此種高電壓。
雖然鋰離子電池真具有高能量密度，在如為電熱氣溶膠產生系統之高功率應用中，其並非特別有效率，其中於該電熱氣溶膠產生系統之短突波中需耗費高電流。該三個電池之內部電阻造成具有高電流負載(current loads)之顯著電壓降。此外，由於該三個電池為串聯，為了確保該等電池未超過最大額定電壓，故需某些附加電路。此外，所需之該等該三個鋰離子電池意為該電熱氣溶膠產生系統可比預期者大。
如已經說明者，本發明提供一種新電源供應器給利用超級電容器之電熱氣溶膠產生系統。該等超級電容器亦可稱為超高電容器(ultracapacitors)。
超級電容器為一種特定型式之電容器，其體積小，容量大。當其與標準電容器比較時，具有非比尋常之高能量密度。最普通型式之超級電容器為電化學雙層超級電容器(稱為“EDL超級電容器”)。不使用電介質，EDL超級電容器包括雙層接觸之導電材料。雖然每一層係導電的，該兩層之間的介面係絕緣的。此種EDL超級電容器一向提供每個電池大致為2.5V。然而，EDL超級電容器傾向於具有相當高之內阻。另一方面，使用奈米多孔材料而非習知絕緣障壁(稱為“奈米多孔超級電容器”)之超級電容器，例如該等由Nanotecture有限公司所製造者，可具有每個電池大致為1.4V之電壓，但具有小內阻之電位。超級電容器具有與標準電容器相同之放電特徵。然而，奈米多孔超級電容器在甚多放電相位期間傾向於保持該電壓。
第1圖表示用於電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器101的第一實施例。該電源供應器101包含提供3.7V電壓單一鋰離子電池103及一組形成堆疊之四個串聯EDL超級電容器105(每個2.5V)。由於跨接該超級電容器105之電壓(總共10V)高於跨該電池103之電壓，故亦需升壓電路107。雖然電阻非實際為電源供應器本身之一部份，第1圖中亦表示形成加熱元件用以將該基板加熱之電阻109。在此實施例中，於該堆疊中使用每個2.5V之四個EDL超級電容器。然而，此等可為每個為1.4V之七或八個奈米多孔超級電容器所替換。
在充電期間，開關S1為閉合且使超級電容器105充電。充電後，S1可為開啟。當抽煙需高功率脈衝時，開關S2即閉合且開關S1保持開啟。然後，該等超級電容器透過該電阻109放電，因此，透過電阻109提供所需之高電流。若需一系列之高功率脈衝，可將開關S2反覆閉合及開啟，其允許針對每一脈衝部分放電。
在第1圖中，開關S1及S2係在抽煙檢測及控制系統111控制下。S1(為了使該等超級電容器充電)由電容器充電控制器113所控制，且S2(使該等超級電容器通過該電阻放電)由能量遞送協定115所控制。開關S3為用以起始抽煙之開關。此可為用以感測抽煙之感測器，或可手動操作之開關。
第1圖配置之益處之一為只需單一鋰離子電池103。此允許大量地降小該電熱氣溶膠產生系統之大小。然而，在升壓電路107中需要大電感線圈，與超級電容器充電期間所需之高電流負載匹配。由於只有一個鋰離子電池，此抵消了任何減小尺寸。此外，升壓電路之效率不可能大於80%。
第2圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第二實施例。該電源供應器201包含電路203納入將由使用者握持之部位中加上外接DC電壓源205。該電路203及電壓源205係經由連接器207及209連接。在此實施例中，電壓源205提供5V之電壓。該電路包含一組形成堆疊之兩個串聯EDL超級電容器211(每個2.5V)(高達總共5V)、及開關S1及S2。雖然電阻非實際為電源供應器本身之一部份，第2圖中亦表示形成加熱元件之電阻213。就如同在第1圖中，開關S1及S2係在抽煙檢測及控制系統215控制下。S1(為了使該等超級電容器充電)由電容器充電控制器217所控制，且S2(為了使該等超級電容器通過該電阻放電)由能量遞送協定219所控制。開關S3為用以起始抽煙且可以為感測器，或可手動操作之開關。
在充電期間，連接器207及209成電接觸，開關S1為閉合且將該等超級電容器211加以充電。當需抽煙時，連接器207及209及斷連。當使用者吸煙時，開關S2為閉合且開關S1為開啟。然後，該等超級電容器經由加熱元件放電。
在第2圖中，不需升壓電路107。這是由於該等超級電容器之電壓與DC電壓源205之電壓匹配。因為不需複數個電池，亦不需升壓電路，故第2圖配置之益處之一為可降低該電熱氣溶膠產生系統之大小。雖然第2圖表示電路203及外接電壓源205，其亦可能將該電壓源納入使用者握持部中。
第3圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第三實施例。該電源供應器301包含提供3.7V電壓之單一鋰離子電池303形式的DC電壓源、及兩或更多個超級電容器，其為第一組形成第一堆疊之三個串聯的奈米多孔超級電容器305(高達總共4.2V)、以及第二組形成第二堆疊之三個串聯的奈米多孔超級電容器307(亦高達總共4.2V)。該電路亦包含開關S1至S5。雖然電阻非實際為電源供應器本身之一部份，第3圖中亦表示形成加熱元件用以將基板加熱之電阻309。在此實施例中，在每一堆疊中使用每個為1.4V之三個奈米多孔超級電容器。然而，此等可為每個為2.5V之兩個EDL超級電容器所替換。在第3圖中，開關S1至S5係在數位控制器311控制之下。使用開關S6起始抽煙，且可以為感測器，或可手動操作之開關。
在充電期間，開關S4及S5為開啟且開關S1、S2及S3為閉合。因此該兩個超級電容器堆疊305及307為並聯。在充電後，S1及S2可被開啟。當抽煙需高功率脈衝時，開關S3被開啟且開關S4及S5被閉合，而開關S1及S2保持開啟。然後，超級電容器堆疊305及307為串聯，故經由電阻309成串聯放電，因此經由電阻309提供了所需之高電流。若需一系列之高功率脈衝時，可將開關S5反覆閉合及開啟，允許針對每一脈衝，部分放電。該等超級電容器可在抽煙之際重新充電。替代地，該等超級電容器於每一脈衝期間可以只是部分放電，使得在需要重新充電前可抽多口煙。
因為堆疊305及307為並聯充電，每一堆疊只需充電至約與鋰離子電池303同一電壓，亦即，大致為3.7V。然而，當該等堆疊為串聯供放電時，跨接該兩個堆疊之電壓為該鋰離子電池之兩倍，亦即，大致為7.4V。故，可提供所需之高電壓供高功率脈衝用，不需升壓電路。必要時，可將每一堆疊充電至小於總電池電壓，且使用開關S1及S2在所需電壓下停止充電。當然，必要時，可提供進一步之堆疊，或適當時機亦可使用個別之超級電容器而非堆疊。
在第3圖所解說之實施例中，所有開關S1至S5為MOSFET開關。此等型式之開關，且實在是其它固態開關，係佔有優勢的，因其閉合時之電阻可被忽略。
第4圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第四實施例，其中電源供應器401包括納入使用者握持部中之電路403及外界充電器405。該電路403包括用以連接至充電器405之連接器407、兩或更多個超級電容器，其為第一組形成第一堆疊之三個串聯的奈米多孔超級電容器409(高達總共4.2V)、以及第二組形成第二堆疊之三個串聯的奈米多孔超級電容器411(亦高達總共4.2V)。電路403亦包括開關S4及S5，兩者皆為數位控制器413所控制。開關S6為用以起始抽煙之開關，且可以為感測器，或可手動操作之開關。雖然電阻非實際為電源供應器本身之一部份，第4圖中亦表示形成加熱元件用以將基板加熱之電阻421。該充電器405包括用以連接至電路403之連接器415、充電控制器417、電壓供應器419(此案例中為5V)及開關S1、S2及S3，由充電控制器417控制。該充電器405亦包含當該充電器運作時切換為導通之發光二極體D1。
在抽煙之中間，可將該電熱氣溶膠產生系統充電。故，可將該系統連接至充電器，然後連接器407與415成電接觸。那段期間，開關S1、S2及S3為閉合且該等超級電容器409及411成並聯充電。當需要抽煙時，即自充電器移除該電熱氣溶膠產生系統，使得連接器407與415斷連。當使用者經由該系統抽取空氣時，或在另一激起時，控制器413將開關S4及S5閉合，允許該等超級電容器409及411經由加熱元件421成串聯放電。
因此，第4圖之配置利用第3圖之該超級電容器配置，但藉由將甚多必要電路移入該外界充電器中，允許甚至進而降低系統之大小。
當然簡單地藉由改變以下之一或更多者，可供本發明使用不同數種電壓：經使用之超級電容器總數；該等超級電容器(個別或堆疊)配置；該等超級電容器之型式；及供應電壓。此外，可使用開關S1及S2供電壓監控以確保充電電壓不超過該等個別超級電容器之最大額定電壓。亦可使用S1及S2將該等堆疊充電至較該供應電壓低之電壓。
如所說明者，本發明提供一種有效率之電源供應器供電熱氣溶膠產生系統用。諸超級電容器提供優於電池之多種優勢，諸如為其低內阻、其高效率、其高輸出功率及其低加熱位準與隨之所致之安全性。
101．．．電源供應器
103．．．鋰離子電池
105．．．超級電容
107．．．升壓電路
109．．．電阻
111．．．控制系統
113．．．電容充電控制器
115．．．能量遞送協定
S1．．．開關
S2．．．開關
S3．．．開關
S4．．．開關
S5．．．開關
201．．．電源供應器
203．．．電路
205．．．電壓源
207．．．連接器
209．．．連接器
211．．．超級電容
213．．．電阻
215．．．控制系統
217．．．電容充電控制器
219．．．能量遞送協定
301．．．電源供應器
303．．．鋰離子電池
305．．．奈米多孔超級電容
307．．．奈米多孔超級電容
309．．．電阻
311．．．數位控制器
S6．．．開關
305．．．超級電容堆疊
307．．．超級電容堆疊
401．．．電源供應器
403．．．電路
405．．．外界充電器
407．．．連接器
409．．．奈米多孔超級電容
411．．．奈米多孔超級電容
413．．．數位控制器
421．．．電阻
415．．．連接器
417．．．充電控制器
419．．．電壓供應器
D1．．．發光二極體
421．．．加熱元件
第1圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第一實施例；
第2圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第二實施例；
第3圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第三實施例；
第4圖表示電熱氣溶膠產生系統之電源供應器的第四實施例。
101．．．電源供應器
103．．．電池
105．．．超級電容器
107．．．升壓電路
109．．．電阻
111．．．控制系統
113．．．電容器充電控制器
115．．．能量遞送協定
S1,S2,S3．．．開關

Claims (10)

  1. 一種電熱氣溶膠產生系統，用於收納形成氣溶膠之基板，該系統包括：使用者握持部，包括：至少一個加熱元件，用於將該基板加熱以形成該氣溶膠；以及電源供應器，用於供應電力給該至少一個加熱元件，該電源供應器包括兩個或更多個超級電容器；外界充電部，包括電壓源；以及複數開關，介於該電壓源與該兩個或更多個超級電容器之間，該等開關係配置成該兩個或更多個超級電容器在充電模式期間係至少部份彼此並聯，藉由該電壓源加以充電，且該兩個或更多個超級電容器在加熱模式期間係彼此串聯，經由該至少一個加熱元件放電，其中，該使用者握持部包括在該加熱模式期間連接該兩個或更多個超級電容器所需之至少某些開關，且其中，該外界充電部包括在該充電模式期間連接該兩個或更多個超級電容器所需之至少某些開關。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之系統，更包括在該電壓源與該兩個或更多個超級電容器之間的升壓或降壓電路。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，其中該使用者握持部及該外界充電部在該充電模式期間係彼此電連接，且在該加熱模式期間係彼此電斷接。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，其中該形成氣溶膠 之基板為固態基板。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，其中該形成氣溶膠之基板為液態基板。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，其中該兩個或更多個超級電容器係配置成兩組或更多組超級電容器，每一組包括一個超級電容器或兩個或更多個串聯超級電容器，且其中該兩組或更多組超級電容器在該充電模式期間係彼此並聯，且該兩組或更多組超級電容器在該加熱模式期間係彼此串聯。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，更包括感測器以檢測表示使用者抽煙之氣流。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第7項之系統，其中該感測器係連接至該等開關中至少一者，用以當檢測到抽煙時在該充電模式與該加熱模式之間切換。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，其係設計供使用者在該加熱模式期間作多次吸煙，且其中該等開關係配置成該兩個或更多個超級電容器在每一吸煙期間，僅經由該至少一個加熱元件加以部分放電。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之系統，其中該等開關中之一個或更多個為固態開關。
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US12364289B2 (en) 2025-07-22
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US20240081422A1 (en) 2024-03-14
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