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TR201908011T4 - Florin sübstitüe olefinleri içeren bileşimler. - Google Patents

Florin sübstitüe olefinleri içeren bileşimler. Download PDF

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Publication number
TR201908011T4
TR201908011T4 TR2019/08011T TR201908011T TR201908011T4 TR 201908011 T4 TR201908011 T4 TR 201908011T4 TR 2019/08011 T TR2019/08011 T TR 2019/08011T TR 201908011 T TR201908011 T TR 201908011T TR 201908011 T4 TR201908011 T4 TR 201908011T4
Authority
TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
compositions
compounds
present
vapor
Prior art date
Application number
TR2019/08011T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
T Pham Hang
R Singh Rajiv
P Wilson David
H Thomas Raymond
Original Assignee
Honeywell Int Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=32179849&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=TR201908011(T4) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Honeywell Int Inc filed Critical Honeywell Int Inc
Publication of TR201908011T4 publication Critical patent/TR201908011T4/tr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
    • C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
    • A01N29/02—Acyclic compounds or compounds containing halogen attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a cycloaliphatic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
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    • C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
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    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
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    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
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    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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Abstract

Bir bileşim olup aşağıdakileri içerir: (a) Formül I'in en az bir floroalkeni: XCFzR3-z (I) burada X bir C2 veya C3 doymamış, sübstitüe edilmiş veya sübstitüe edilmemiş alkil radikalidir, her R bağımsız olarak Cl, F, Br, I veya H'dir ve z, 1 ila 3'tür; ve b) yağlayıcılar, bağdaştırıcılar, sürfaktanlar, çözündürücü maddeler, dağıtıcı maddeler, hücre dengeleyiciler, kozmetikler, parlatıcı maddeler, ilaçlar, temizleyiciler, yanmayı geciktirici maddeler, renklendiriciler, kimyasal sterilizatörler, dengeleyiciler, yardımcı üfleyiciler, polioller, poliol premiks bileşenleri ve bunların iki veya daha fazlasının kombinasyonlarından oluşan gruptan seçilen en az bir adjuvan ajanlar.

Description

TARIFNAME FLORIN SÜBSTITÜE OLEFINLERI IÇEREN BILESIMLER BULUS SAHASI Bu bulus, mevcut bulusun en az bir çok florlanmis olefini ve bir polialkilen glikol veya poliol ester yaglayiciyi içeren sogutucu bilesimler ile ilgilidir. BULUSUN ALT YAPISI Florokarbon bazli akiskanlar, birçok ticari ve endüstriyel uygulamada yaygin bir kullanim alani bulmustur. Örnegin florokarbon bazli sivilar, klima, isi pompasi ve sogutma uygulamalari gibi sistemlerde siklikla bir çalisma sivisi olarak kullanilir. Buhar sikistirma çevrimi, bir sogutma sisteminde sogutma veya isitmayi gerçeklestirmek için en yaygin kullanilan yöntemlerden biridir. Buhar sikistirma döngüsü genellikle, buhari nispeten yüksek bir basinca sikistirarak, buhari sivi fazina bu nispeten yükseltilmis basinç ve sicaklikta isi uzaklastirmasi yoluyla yogunlastirarak ve daha sonra çevrimi tekrar baslatmak için basinci azaltaraksogutucunun sividan buhar fazina, nispeten düsük bir basinçta isi emilimi ve daha sonra buhari, sivi faza, nispeten düsük bir basinç ve sicaklikta isi giderimi yoluyla, buhari sikistirmak suretiyle faz degisimini Sogutmanin birincil amaci göreceli olarak düsük bir sicaklikta bir cisimden veya baska bir akiskandan isiyi çikarmak iken, bir isi pompasinin birincil amaci, ortama göre daha yüksek bir sicaklikta isi eklemektir. Bazi flüorokarbonlar, birçok uygulamada uzun yillar boyunca, sogutucu akiskanlar gibi birçok isi degisim akiskaninda tercih edilen bir bilesen olmustur. Örnegin, kloroflorometan ve klorofloroetan türevleri gibi floroalkanlar, kimyasal ve fiziksel özelliklerin benzersiz kombinasyonlari sayesinde klima ve isi pompasi uygulamalari dahil uygulamalarda sogutucu olarak yaygin kullanim kazanmistir. Buhar sikistirma sistemlerinde yaygin olarak kullanilan sogutucu akiskanlarin çogu tek bilesenli sivilar Son yillarda, dünyanin atmosferine ve iklimine olasi zarar konusunda endise artmistir ve bazi klor bazli bilesiklerin bu konuda özellikle problemli oldugu tespit edilmistir. Klor içeren bilesimlerin (kloroflorokarbonlar (CFC'Ier), hidrokloroflorokarbonlar (HCF'Ier) ve benzerleri gibi) havalandirma ve sogutma sistemlerinde sogutucu olarak kullanilmasi, bu tür bilesiklerin birçogu ile ilgili ozon tabakasina zarar verme özellikleri nedeniyle tatlandirilmistir. Bu nedenle, yeni flüorokarbon ve hidroflorokarbon bilesikleri ve sogutma ve isi pompasi uygulamalari için alternatifler sunan bilesimlere artan bir ihtiyaç duyulmustur. Örnegin, klor içeren sogutuculari, hidroflorokarbonlar (HFC'Ier) gibi ozon tabakasini tüketmeyen klor içermeyen sogutucu bilesikler ile degistirerek, klor içeren sogutma sistemleri güçlendirmek istenmistir. Bu durum, genel olarak önemli oldugu düsünülmektedir, ancak, herhangi bir potansiyel ikame sogutucu, digerleri arasinda mükemmel isi transfer özellikleri, kimyasal stabilite, düsük veya toksik olmama, yanicilik ve yaglayici uyumlulugu gibi en yaygin kullanilan sivilarin çogunda mevcut olan özelliklere sahip olmalidir. Basvuru sahipleri, birçok uygulamada yaglayici uyumlulugunun özellikle önemli oldugunu takdir etmeye baslamistir. Daha özel olarak, sogutma akiskanlarinin, çogu sogutma sisteminde kullanilan, kompresör ünitesinde kullanilan yaglayici ile uyumlu olmasi oldukça arzu edilir. Malesef, HFC'Ier dahil olmak üzere bir çok klor içermeyen sogutma sivisi, örnegin mineral yaglar, alkilbenzenler veya poli (alfa-olefinler dahil), CFC'Ier ve HFC'Ier ile geleneksel olarak kullanilan yaglayici türlerinde nispeten çözünmez ve/veya karismaz. Bir sogutma sivisi-yaglayici kombinasyonunun bir sikistirma sogutmasi, havalandirma ve/veya isi pompasi sistemi içinde istenen bir verimlilik seviyesinde çalisabilmesi için, yaglayicinin çok çesitli çalisma sicakliklarinda sogutma sivisinda yeterince çözünür olmasi gerekir. Bu çözünürlük, yaglayicinin viskozitesini düsürür ve sistem içinde bunun daha kolay akmasini saglar. Bu tür bir çözünürlügün yoklugunda, yaglayicilar, sogutma, iklimlendirme veya isi pompasi sisteminin buharlastiricisinin bobinlerine ve ayrica sistemin diger bölümlerine yerlestirilme egilimindedir ve bu nedenle sistem verimini düsürür. Kullanimdaki verim ile ilgili olarak, sogutucu termodinamik performanstaki veya enerji verimliligindeki bir kaybin, artan elektrik enerjisi talebinden kaynaklanan artan fosil yakit kullanimi nedeniyle ikincil çevresel etkilere sahip olabilecegine dikkat edilmesi önemlidir. Dahasi, CFC sogutucu ikame edicilerin, CFC sogutucu maddeler ile kullanilan geleneksel buhar sikistirma teknolojisinde büyük mühendislik degisiklikleri yapilmadan etkili olmasi için genellikle arzu edilir olarak kabul edilir. Alev alma birçok uygulama için önemli bir diger özelliktir. Yani, özellikle isi transfer uygulamalari dahil olmak üzere birçok uygulamada yanici olmayan bilesimlerin kullanilmasi önemli veya gerekli kabul edilir. Bu nedenle siklikla, yanici olmayan bu gibi bilesimlerde bilesiklerin kullanilmasi yararlidir. Burada kullanildigi gibi "yanmaz" terimi, 2002 tarihli ASTM standardi E-681 ile uyumlu olarak belirlendigi sekilde yanmaz oldugu belirlenen bilesikleri veya bilesimlere refere eder. Maalesef, sogutucu akiskan bilesimlerinde kullanilmak üzere baska türlü arzu edilebilecek birçok HFC yanmaz degildir. Örnegin, floroalkan difloroetan (HFC-1523) ve floroalken 1,1,1 -trifloropropen (HFO-12432f) her biri yanicidir ve bu nedenle birçok uygulamada kullanim için uygun degildir. En az bes karbon atomuna sahip olan flor ile sübstitüe edilmis alkenler olan daha yüksek floroalkenler, sogutucu olarak kullanilmak üzere önerilmistir. ABD Patenti 4,788,352 - Smutny, en azindan bir miktar doymamislik derecesine sahip olan florlanmis 0:, ila Cs bilesiklerinin üretimine yöneliktir. Smutny patenti çesitli kimyasal reaksiyonlarda sogutucu, pestisit, dielektrik sivilari, isi transfer sivilari, çözücüler ve ara maddeler olarak faydali oldugu bilinen daha yüksek olefinleri tanimlar.(Bkz. Sütun 1, Smutny'de tarif edilen florinli olefinler, isi transfer uygulamalarinda bir miktar etkililik seviyesine sahip olabilirken, bu gibi bilesiklerin de bazi dezavantajlari olabilecegine inanilmaktadir. Örnegin, bu bilesiklerin bazilari substratlara, özellikle akrilik reçineler ve ABS reçineleri gibi genel amaçli plastiklere saldirma egiliminde olabilir. Ayrica, Smutny'de açiklanan yüksek olefinik bilesikler, Smutny'de belirtilen pestisit aktivitesinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çikabilecek bu tür bilesiklerin potansiyel toksisite seviyesinden dolayi bazi uygulamalarda da istenmeyebilir. Ayrica, bu tür bilesikler, belirli uygulamalarda bir sogutucu olarak yararli olmalarini saglamak için çok yüksek bir kaynama noktasina sahip olabilir. Bromoflorometan ve bromokloroflorometan türevleri, özellikle bromotriflorometan (Halon 1301) ve bromoklorodiflorometanin (Halon 1211), uçak kabinleri ve bilgisayar odalari gibi kapali alanlarda yangin söndürme ajanlari olarak kullanimi yayginlasmistir. Bununla birlikte, çesitli halojenlerin kullanimi, yüksek ozon tükenmelerinden dolayi asamali hale getirilmektedir. Ayrica, halojenler insanlarin bulundugu alanlarda sikça kullanildigi Için uygun yer degistirmeler, yangini bastirmak veya söndürmek için gerekli konsantrasyonlarda insanlar için de güvenli olmalidir. = 6 oldugu ve bir çift baga sahip olan C3HmFn moleküler formülü ile temsil edilen bir organik bilesik içeren bir isi transfer ortamini tarif eder. US 3723318, trifloropropene (CFgCH=CH2)dayali sogutucu akiskanlari ve aerosol iticileri tarif eder. US 5714083 heksafloropropen içeren bir sogutucu akiskani tarif eder. (HC-1216) ve CFC-12'nin yerine geçen hidrokarbonlar. klorodiflorometan (R22) ve bir 01-06 hidrokarbon içeren bir sogutucuyu tarif eder. US 6300378 sogutucu akiskanlarin, köpük üfleme ajanlarinin, temizleme ajanlarinin (çözücüler), aerosol itici maddelerin ve sterilizatörlerin yaniciligini azaltmak veya ortadan kaldirmak için kullanilabilecek brom içeren alkenler gibi brom içeren halokarbon katki maddelerinin kullanimini tarif eder. Dolayisiyla basvuru sahipleri, yukarida belirtilen dezavantajlardan bir veya daha fazlasindan kaçinirken, buhar sikistirmali isitma ve sogutma sistemlerinde ve yöntemlerinde faydali olan bilesimlere olan ihtiyaci anladilar. KISA AÇIKLAMA Basvuru sahipleri, yukarida belirtilen ihtiyacin ve diger ihtiyaçlarin, asagidakileri içeren sogutucu bilesimler ile karsilanabilecegini bulmuslardir: (a) Formül Il"nin en az bir floroalkeni: burada her R, bagimsiz olarak Cl, F, Br, l veya H'dir; R' (CR2)nY'dir; Y CFg'tür; doymamis terminal karbon atomundaki en az bir R, H'dir ve kalan R'Ierden en az biri, F'dir ve b) poliol esterler ve polialkilen glikollerden olusan gruptan seçilen bir yaglayici. TERCIH EDILEN DÜZENLEMELERIN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI BILESIMLER Mevcut bulus, asagida Formül Il'nin (a) en az bir floroalkenini içeren sogutucu bilesimler ile ilgilidir: burada her R, bagimsiz olarak Cl, F, Br, l veya H`dir R` (CR2)nY,dir, Y CFg'tür; Doymamis terminal karbon atomundaki en az bir R, H'dir ve kalan R'Ierden en az biri, F'dir ve (b) polialkilen glikol ve poliol esterlerden seçilen bir yaglayici Basvuru sahipleri, nispeten düsük bir toksisite seviyesinin, Formül ll'nin bilesikleri ile iliskili olduguna inanmaktadir, burada Y, CF3'tür; burada doymamis terminal karbondaki en az bir R, H'dir ve kalan R'Ierden en az biri, F'dir. Basvuru sahipleri ayni zamanda bu tür bilesiklerin yapisal, geometrik ve stereoizomerlerin etkili olduguna ve faydali olarak düsük toksisiteye sahip olduguna inanmaktadir. Tercih edilen bazi düzenlemelerde, bu bulusun bilesimleri, tetrafloropropenler (HFO- ve bunlarin kombinasyonlarindan olusan gruptan seçilen bir veya daha fazla bilesigi içerir. Mevcut bulusa ait bilesiklerin, doymamis terminal karbonun birden fazla F sübstitüentine sahip olmadigi tetrafloropropen ve pentafloropropen bilesikleri olmasi tetrafloropropen (HFO- ve bunlarin her birinin stereoizomeri. Basvuru sahibi, bu tür bilesiklerin, farelere ve siçanlara solunmasi halinde ölçülen çok düsük bir akut toksisite seviyesine sahip oldugunu kesfetmistir. Öte yandan, basvuru sahipleri, nispeten yüksek bir toksisite derecesinin, mevcut bilesimlerle kullanim için adapte edilebilir bazi bilesikler ile yani terminal doymamis karbonda birden fazla F'ye sahip olan veya bu bilesiklere sahip olmayan veya doymamis karbon terminalinde en az bir H'ye sahip olmayan bilesiklerle iliskili olabilecegini bulmuslardir. Örnegin, basvuru sahipleri, 1,1,3,3,3- pentafloropropenin (HFO-122520) farelere ve siçanlara solunmasi halinde ölçüldügü üzere, kabul edilemez derecede yüksek toksisite gösterdigini kesfetmislerdir. Bu bulusun tercih edilen bilesikleri, yani, HFO-1225 ve HFO-1234. bilinen malzemelerdir ve Kimyasal Özetler veritabanlarinda Iistelenmistir. HFO-1225, örnegin Syntex Chemical Co'dan ticari olarak temin edilebilir. Ayrica, genel olarak fluoroalkenlerin üretilmesi için patent Iiteratüründe yöntemler tarif edilir. Örnegin, CFch = CH2 gibi floropropenlerin, çesitli doymus ve doymamis halojen içeren 03 bilesiklerinin katalitik buhar faz flüorizasyonu ile üretilmesi, ABD Patentleri No.'lari veya bromohaloflorokarbon ve HF kullanilarak floroalken hazirlanmasi için bir buhar fazi katalitik prosesini tarif eder. EP 2 veya Mg(OH)2 çözeltisi içeren sivi fazda veya buhar fazinda 1,1,1,3,3-pentafloropropanin (HFC-245fa) buhar fazinda yüksek sicaklikta veya krom bazli bir katalizör ile temas ettirilmesi ile 1,1,1,3-tetrafloropropenin hazirlanmasini tarif eder. Ek olarak, mevcut bulusa uygun bilesiklerin üretilmesi için yöntemler genel olarak es zamanli olarak dosyalanmis "Florpropen Üretimi Için Islem" baslikli vekalet numarasi (H0003789 (26267) Birlesik Devletler Patent Basvurusu ile baglantili olarak tarif edilmistir. Mevcut bilesimlerin bir takim önemli nedenlerden dolayi avantaj saglayan özelliklere sahip olduguna inanilmaktadir. Örnegin, basvuru sahipleri. en azindan kismen matematiksel modellemeye dayanarak, mevcut bulusun floroolefinlerin,3in. diger bazi halojenli türlere kiyasla ozon tabakasina zarar vermeyecek sekilde atmosferik kimya üzerinde önemli bir olumsuz etkiye sahip olmayacagina inanmaktadir. Bu nedenle, bu bulusun tercih edilen bilesimleri, ozon tabakasinin incelmesine önemli ölçüde katki yapmama avantajina sahiptir. Tercih edilen bilesimler ayni zamanda, halihazirda kullanimda olan hidrofloroalkanlarin birçoguna kiyasla, küresel isinmaya büyük ölçüde katkida bulunmazlar. Tercihen, bu bulusun bilesimlerinin 150'den büyük olmayan, daha tercihen 100'den büyük olmayan ve hatta daha çok tercihen 75'ten büyük olmayan bir Küresel Isinma Potansiyeli (GWP) vardir. Burada kullanilan "GWP", "The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project"de belirtilen sekilde, karbondioksite göre ve 100 yillik bir zaman diliminde ölçülmüstür. Mevcut bilesimler ayni zamanda tercihen 0.05'ten büyük olmayan, daha tercihen 0.02'den büyük olmayan ve hatta daha da tercihen yaklasik sifir olan bir Ozon Tükenme Potansiyeline (ODP) sahiptir. Burada kullanildigi sekliyle, "ODP", " "The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, A report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project"de tanimlandigi gibidir. Mevcut bulusun bilesimlerinin, bu bulusun bilesiklerini genis çapta degisen miktarlarda içerebilecegi düsünülmekle birlikte, genel olarak, bu bulusun sogutucu akiskan bilesimlerinin, bilesimin agirlikça en az yaklasik% 50 ve daha da tercihen agirlikça en az yaklasik% 70'i kadar bir miktarda Formül II'ye uygun olarak, asagidaki gibi bir bilesigI/bilesikleri içermesi tercih edilir. Bu bulusun bilesimleri, bilesime belirli islevselligi arttirmak veya saglamak amaciyla veya bazi durumlarda bilesimin maliyetini azaltmak için baska bilesenler içerebilir. Örnegin, mevcut bulusa göre sogutucu bilesimler, özellikle buhar sikistirma sistemlerinde kullanilanlar, bilesimin agirliginca yaklasik yüzde 30 ila yaklasik yüzde 50 miktarinda bir yaglayici içerir. Ayrica, mevcut bilesimler ayrica, yaglayicinin uyumluluguna ve / veya çözünürlügüne yardimci olmak amaciyla propan gibi bir uyumlulastirici içerebilir. Propan, bütanlar ve pentanlar dahil olmak üzere bu tür bagdastiricilar tercihen bilesimin agirliginca yaklasik yüzde 0.5 ila yaklasik yüzde 5 miktarinda bulunur. U.S. Patent No. 6,516,837'de açiklandigi gibi, yag çözünürlügüne yardimci olmak için mevcut bilesimlere sürfaktanlarin ve çözündürücü maddelerin kombinasyonlari da eklenebilir. Hidroflorokarbon (HFC) sogutucu akiskanlari olan sogutma makinelerinde kullanilan Poliol Esterleri (POE'ler) ve Polli Alkilen Glikolleri (PAG'ler) gibi yaygin olarak kullanilan sogutucu yaglayicilar, mevcut bulusun sogutucu bilesimlerinde kullanilir. YÖNTEMLER VE SISTEMLER Bu bulusun bilesimleri sogutma, iklimlendirme ve isi pompasi sistemlerinde kullanilabilir. Burada açiklanan isi transfer yöntemleri genellikle mevcut bulusun bir bilesiminin saglanmasini ve bilesimin fazini degistiren bilesime veya bilesenden isi transferinin yapilmasini saglar. Örnegin, mevcut yöntemler, bir akiskandan veya esyadan isiyi emerek, tercihen mevcut sogutucu bilesimini, mevcut bilesimi içeren buhari üretmek üzere sogutulacak olan vücut veya sivinin yakininda buharlastirarak sogutma saglar. Tercihen, yöntemler, mevcut bilesimin buharini nispeten yükseltilmis bir basinçta üretmek için, genellikle bir kompresör veya benzer bir ekipmanla sogutucu buharinin sikistirilmasi asamasini içerir. Genel olarak, buhari sikistirma basamagi, buhara isi eklenmesi ile sonuçlanir, böylece nispeten yüksek basinçli buharin sicakliginda bir artisa neden olur. Tercihen mevcut yöntemler, bu nispeten yüksek sicakliktan, yüksek basinçli buhardan buharlastirma ve sikistirma asamalari tarafindan eklenen isinin en azindan bir kisminin uzaklastirilmasini içerir. Isi uzaklastirma asamasi tercihen yüksek sicaklikta, yüksek basinçli buharin yogunlastirilmasini içerirken, buhar nispeten yüksek bir basinç kosulunda iken, mevcut bulusun bir bilesimini içeren nispeten yüksek basinçli bir sivi üretilir. Bu nispeten yüksek basinçli sivi, tercihen nispeten düsük bir sicaklikta, düsük basinçli bir sivi üretmek için basinçta nominal olarak izofalpik bir azalmaya maruz kalir. Bu tür düzenlemelerde, daha sonra sogutulacak olan gövdeden veya akiskandan transfer edilen isi ile buharlastirilan bu düsük sicaklikli sogutucu akiskan sivisidir. Açiklamanin bir baska islem düzenlemesinde, bulusun bilesimleri, isitilacak olan bir sivinin veya gövdenin yakininda bilesimleri içeren bir sogutucunun yogunlastirilmasini içeren bir isitma yönteminde kullanilabilir. Daha önce bahsedildigi gibi, bu tür yöntemler siklikla yukarida tarif edilen sogutma döngüsüne ters çevrimlerdir. ÖRNEKLER Asagidaki örnekler mevcut bulusu açiklama amaciyla verilmistir. REFERANS ÖRNEGI 1 Performans katsayisi (COP), evrensel olarak kabul edilmis bir sogutucu performans ölçümüdür, özellikle sogutucunun buharlasmasini veya yogunlasmasini içeren belirli bir isitma veya sogutma döngüsünde bir sogutucunun göreceli termodinamik verimini temsil etmede faydalidir. Sogutma mühendisliginde bu terim, kullanisli sogutmanin, buhari sikistirirken kompresörün uyguladigi enerjiye oranini ifade eder. Bir sogutucunun kapasitesi, sagladigi sogutma veya isitmanin miktarini temsil eder ve bir kompresörün belirli bir sogutucu akiskan akis hizi için isi miktarlarini pompalama kapasitesinin bir ölçüsünü saglar. Baska bir deyisle, belirli bir kompresör verildiginde, daha yüksek kapasiteye sahip bir sogutucu akiskan daha fazla sogutma veya isitma gücü saglayacaktir. Belirli çalisma kosullarinda bir sogutucunun COP'sini tahmin etmenin bir yolu, standart sogutma döngüsü analiz teknikleri kullanilarak sogutucunun termodinamik özelliklerindendir (bakiniz örnegin, R.C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRlGERANTS HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988). Kondansatör sicakliginin yaklasik 66°C (150°F) oldugu ve evaporatör sicakliginin, yaklasik 10°C (50°F) sicaklikta kompresör girisi ile nominal olarak izentropik sikistirma altinda -37°C (-35°F) oldugu bir sogutma/havalandirma döngüsü sistemi saglanir. COP, COP degeri tahliye sicakligina dayali olarak mevcut bulusun çesitli bilesimleri için 5 kondansatör ve buharlastirici sicakligi araliginda belirlenir ve asagidaki Tablo I'de bildirilmistir. TABLOI SOGUTUCU Nispi Nispi TAHLIYE SICAKLIGI °C BILESIMI COP KAPASITE (°F) Bu örnek, mevcut bilesimlerle kullanim için tercih edilen bilesiklerin bazilarinin, HFC- sahip oldugunu ve mevcut sogutucu bilesimleri kullanan kompresörün, tahliye (155°F), 79°C'ye (175) kiyasla bu tür bir sonuç, düsük bakim sorunlarina yol açacagindan dolayi avantajlidir. edildi. Test edilen yaglayici maddeler mineral yag (C3)i alkil benzen (Zerol 150), ester yagi (Mobil EAL 22 cc ve Solest yagi (1343 sistemleri için Goodwrench Sogutma Yagi) ve bir poli (alfa-olefin) yagidir (CP6005-100). Her bir sogutucu/yag kombinasyonu için, agirlikça yüzde 5, 20 ve 50 yaglayici olmak üzere üç bilesim test edilir, mevcut bulusun bilesimi olan her birinin dengesi test edilir. Yaglayici bilesimler, agir duvarli cam tüplere yerlestirilir. Tüpler bosaltiliri mevcut bulusa göre sogutucu bilesik ilave edilir ve tüpler daha sonra kapatilir. Tüpler daha sonra sicakligi yaklasik -50°C ila 70°C arasinda degisen bir hava banyosu çevre odasina konur. Kabaca 10°C araliklarla, bir veya daha fazla sivi fazin varligi için tüp içeriklerinin görsel gözlemleri yapilir. Birden fazla sivi fazin gözlendigi bir durumda, karisimin karismadigi bildirilmektedir. Sadece bir sivi fazin gözlemlendigi bir durumda, karisimin karisabilir oldugu rapor edilir. Iki sivi fazin gözlendigi, ancak sivi fazlardan birinin sadece çok küçük bir hacme sahip oldugu durumlarda, karisimin kismen karisabilir oldugu rapor edilir. Polialkilen glikol ve ester yagi yaglayicilarin, polialkilen glikol ile HFO-1225ye karisimlari haricinde, tüm sicaklik araliginda test edilen tüm oranlarda karisabilecegi kabul edilmistir, sogutucu akiskan karisiminin -50°C ila -30°C sicaklik araliginda karismaz oldugu ve -20 ila 50°C sicaklikta kismen karisabilecegi bulunmustur. Sogutucu akiskan içindeki PAG'in agirlikça yüzde 50 konsantrasyonunda ve 60°C'de, sogutucu akiskan/PAG karisimi karismistir. 70°C'de, sogutucu akiskan içinde agirlikça yüzde 5 yaglayicidan, sogutucu akiskanda agirlikça yüzde 50 yaglayiciya karisabilir. Bu bulusun sogutucu bilesiklerinin ve bilesimlerinin, sogutma ve iklimlendirme sistemlerinde kullanilan metallerle temas halindeyken PAG yaglama yaglari ile uyumlulugu, birçok sogutma ve iklimlendirme uygulamasinda bulunanlardan çok daha agir kosullari temsil eden 350°C'de test edilmistir. Agir cidarli cam tüplere alüminyum, bakir ve çelik kuponlar eklenir. Tüplere iki gram yag eklenir. Tüpler daha sonra bosaltilir ve bir gram sogutucu ilave edilir. Tüpler bir hafta boyunca 350°F'de bir firina konulur ve görsel gözlemler yapilir. Maruz kalma süresinin sonunda, tüpler çikarilir. Bu prosedür, asagidaki yag kombinasyonlari ve mevcut bulusa ait bilesik için yapilmistir: a) HFC-1234ze ve GM Goodwrench PAG yagi b) HFC1243 zf (referans bilesigi) ve GM Goodwrench yagi PAG yagi c) HFC-1234ze ve MOPAR-56 PAG yagi d) HFC-1243 zf (referans bilesigi) ve MOPAR-Sö PAG yagi e) HPG-1225 ye ve MOPAR-56 PAG yagi. Her durumda, tüpün içeriginin görünümünde asgari degisiklik vardir. Bu, mevcut bulusun sogutucu bilesiklerinin ve bilesimlerinin, sogutma ve iklimlendirme sistemlerinde bulunan alüminyum, çelik ve bakir ile ve bu tür bilesimlere dahil edilmesi veya bu tür sistemlerde bu tür bilesimlerle kullanilmasi muhtemel olan yaglama yagi türleriyle temas halinde stabil oldugunu gösterir. KARSILASTIRMA ÖRNEGI Alüminyum, bakir ve çelik kuponlar, mineral yag ve CFC-12 içeren agir duvarli bir cam tüpe eklenir ve Örnek 3'teki gibi bir hafta boyunca 350°C'de isitilir. Maruz kalma süresinin sonunda, tüp çikarilir ve görsel gözlemler yapilir. Sivi içerigin siyaha döndügü gözlemlenmistir, bua da tüpün içeriginde ciddi bir ayrisma oldugunu belirtir. CPC-12 ve mineral yag, bugüne kadar birçok sogutucu akiskan sistemi ve yönteminde tercih edilen bir kombinasyon olmustur. Dolayisiyla, bu bulusun sogutucu bilesikleri ve bilesimleri, yaygin olarak kullanilan önceki teknolojiye ait sogutucu-yaglayici yag kombinasyonundan daha yaygin olarak kullanilan birçok yaglama yagi ile daha iyi bir stabiliteye sahiptir. TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR

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RU2009113568A (ru) 2010-10-27
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DK1563032T3 (da) 2012-06-18
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