ES2321796T3 - Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor. - Google Patents
Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2321796T3 ES2321796T3 ES08020700T ES08020700T ES2321796T3 ES 2321796 T3 ES2321796 T3 ES 2321796T3 ES 08020700 T ES08020700 T ES 08020700T ES 08020700 T ES08020700 T ES 08020700T ES 2321796 T3 ES2321796 T3 ES 2321796T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- foam
- composition
- blowing agent
- spongeable
- hfo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title description 6
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Br MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000824 inhalation exposure Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical class CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010006326 Breath odour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032139 Halitosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical class O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001088 anti-asthma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000924 antiasthmatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000926 atmospheric chemistry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNKZSBSRKWVMEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo-chloro-fluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Br YNKZSBSRKWVMEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHMHCLYDBQOYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromofluoromethane Chemical class FCBr LHMHCLYDBQOYTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008266 hair spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005828 hydrofluoroalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical class [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCC(Cl)OP(=O)(OC(Cl)CCCl)OC(Cl)CCCl DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(Cl)COP(=O)(OCC(C)Cl)OCC(C)Cl GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
- C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
- C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N29/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing halogenated hydrocarbons
- A01N29/02—Acyclic compounds or compounds containing halogen attached to an aliphatic side-chain of a cycloaliphatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0092—Gaseous extinguishing substances, e.g. liquefied gases, carbon dioxide snow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/18—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
- C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/06—Organic materials
- C09K21/08—Organic materials containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
- C10M131/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M131/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic halogen-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/24—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C11D3/245—Organic compounds containing halogen containing fluorine
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Abstract
Uso como agente de soplado de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234ze).
Description
Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor
Esta invención se refiere a composiciones que tienen utilidad en numerosas aplicaciones, incluidos particularmente sistemas de refrigeración, y a métodos y sistemas que utilizan este tipo de composiciones. En aspectos preferidos, la presente invención se dirige a composiciones refrigerantes que comprenden al menos una olefina multi-fluorada de la invención.
Fluidos basados en fluorocarbonos han encontrado un amplio uso en muchas aplicaciones comerciales e industriales. Por ejemplo, fluidos basados en fluorocarbonos se utilizan frecuentemente como un fluido de trabajo en sistemas tales como aplicaciones de acondicionamiento del aire, bomba de calor y de refrigeración. El ciclo de compresión de vapor es uno de los métodos tipo más comúnmente utilizados para conseguir el enfriamiento o calentamiento en un sistema de refrigeración. El ciclo de compresión de vapor implica habitualmente el cambio de fase del refrigerante de la fase líquida a la fase de vapor a través de la absorción de calor a una presión relativamente baja y luego desde la fase de vapor a la fase líquida a través de la eliminación de calor a una presión y temperatura relativamente bajas, comprimiendo el vapor hasta una presión relativamente elevada, condensando el vapor hasta la fase líquida a través de la eliminación de calor a esta presión y temperatura relativamente elevadas y luego reduciendo la presión para iniciar de nuevo el ciclo.
Mientras que el fin primario de la refrigeración consiste en eliminar calor de un objeto u otro fluido a una temperatura relativamente baja, la finalidad primaria de una bomba de calor es añadir calor a una temperatura mayor con respecto al entorno. Determinados fluorocarbonos han sido un componente preferido en muchos fluidos de intercambio de calor tales como refrigerantes, durante muchos años en muchas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, los fluoroalquenos tales como derivados de clorofluorometano y clorofluoroetano han adquirido un amplio uso como refrigerantes en aplicaciones que incluyen el acondicionamiento del aire y aplicaciones de bomba de calor debido a su combinación única de propiedades químicas y físicas. Muchos de los refrigerantes comúnmente utilizados en sistemas de compresión de vapor son fluidos de un solo componente o mezclas azeotrópicas.
En los últimos años ha aumentado la preocupación sobre el potencial daño a la atmósfera de la tierra y al clima, y determinados compuestos basados en cloro se han identificado como particularmente problemáticos a este respecto. El uso de composiciones con contenido en cloro (tales como clorofluorocarbonos (CFCs), hidrofluorocarbonos (HCFs) y similares) en calidad de refrigerantes en sistemas de acondicionamiento de aire y de refrigeración se ha visto desfavorecido debido a las propiedades agotadoras del ozono asociadas con muchos de los compuestos de este tipo. Así, ha existido una necesidad creciente de nuevos compuestos y composiciones de fluorocarbonos e hidrofluorocarbonos que ofrezcan alternativas para aplicaciones de refrigeración y de bomba de calor. Por ejemplo, se ha vuelto deseable retroajustar sistemas de refrigeración con contenido en cloro al reemplazar refrigerantes con contenido en cloro con compuestos refrigerantes que no contienen cloro, que no agotarán la capa de ozono tales como hidrofluorocarbonos (HCFs).
Sin embargo, en general se considera importante que cualquier refrigerante sustitutivo potencial deba también poseer aquellas propiedades presentes en muchos de los fluidos más ampliamente utilizados tales como excelentes propiedades de transferencia de calor, estabilidad química, toxicidad baja o ninguna, no inflamabilidad y compatibilidad con el lubricante, entre otras.
La solicitante ha llegado a apreciar que la compatibilidad con el lubricante es de particular importancia en muchas de las aplicaciones. Más particularmente, es muy deseable que los fluidos de refrigeración sean compatibles con el lubricante utilizado en la unidad de compresor utilizada en la mayoría de los sistemas de refrigeración. Desgraciadamente, muchos fluidos de refrigeración que no contienen cloro, incluidos los HCFs, son relativamente insolubles y/o inmiscibles en los tipos de lubricantes utilizados tradicionalmente con CFCs y HFCs, incluidos, por ejemplo, aceites minerales, alquilbencenos o poli(alfa-olefinas). Con el fin de que una combinación de fluido-lubricante de refrigeración actúe a un nivel deseable de eficacia dentro de un sistema de refrigeración por compresión, de acondicionamiento de aire y/o de bomba de calor, el lubricante debería ser lo suficientemente soluble en el líquido de refrigeración a lo largo de un amplio intervalo de temperaturas de trabajo. Una solubilidad de este tipo disminuye la viscosidad del lubricante y le permite fluir más fácilmente a través del sistema. En ausencia de una solubilidad de este tipo, los lubricantes tienden a depositarse en los serpentines del evaporador del sistema de
refrigeración, de acondicionamiento de aire o de bomba de calor, así como de otras partes del sistema y, así, reducen la eficacia del sistema.
Con respecto a la eficacia en el uso, es importante señalar que una pérdida en el comportamiento termodinámico refrigerante o en la eficacia de energía puede tener impactos medioambientales secundarios a través del uso incrementado de combustible fósil que surge de una demanda incrementada de la energía eléctrica.
Además, se considera generalmente deseable que los sustitutos de refrigerante de CFC sean eficaces sin mayores cambios de ingeniería a una tecnología de compresión de vapor convencional, actualmente utilizada con refrigerantes de CFC.
La inflamabilidad es otra propiedad importante para muchas aplicaciones. Esto es, se considera importante o esencial en muchas aplicaciones, incluidas particularmente aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, utilizar composiciones que no sean inflamables. Así, frecuentemente es beneficioso utilizar en composiciones de este tipo compuestos que no sean inflamables. Tal como se utiliza en esta memoria, la expresión “no inflamable” se refiere a compuestos o composiciones que se determina que no son inflamables, según se determina de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E-681, de fecha 2002, que se incorpora en esta memoria como referencia. Desgraciadamente, muchos HFCs que pudieran ser de otro modo deseables para ser utilizados en composiciones refrigerantes, no son no inflamables. Por ejemplo, el fluoroalcano difluoroetano (HFC-152a) y el fluoroalqueno 1,1,1-trifluoropropeno (HFO1243zf) son cada uno inflamables y, por lo tanto, no son viables para uso en muchas aplicaciones.
Fluoroalquenos superiores, es decir alquenos sustituidos con flúor que tienen al menos cinco átomos de carbono han sido sugeridos para uso como refrigerantes. La patente de EE.UU. nº 4.788.352 – Smutny está dirigida a la producción de compuestos fluorados C5 a C8 que tienen al menos un cierto grado de insaturación. La patente de Smutny identifica a olefinas superiores de este tipo como conocidas por tener utilidad en calidad de refrigerantes, plaguicidas, fluidos dieléctricos, fluidos de transferencia de calor, disolventes y compuestos intermedios en diversas reacciones químicas (véase la columna 1, líneas 11-22).
Mientras que las olefinas fluoradas descritas en Smutny pueden tener un cierto nivel de eficacia en aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, se piensa que compuestos de este tipo pueden tener también ciertas desventajas. Por ejemplo, algunos de estos compuestos pueden tender a atacar a sustratos, particularmente plásticos de uso general tales como resinas acrílicas y resinas ABS. Además, los compuestos olefínicos superiores descritos en Smutny pueden también ser indeseables en determinadas aplicaciones, debido al potencial nivel de toxicidad de compuestos de este tipo que pueden surgir como resultado de la actividad plaguicida señalada en Smutny. También, compuestos de este tipo pueden tener un punto de ebullición que es demasiado elevado para hacerles útiles en calidad de un refrigerante en determinadas aplicaciones.
Derivados de bromofluorometano y bromoclorofluorometano, particularmente bromotrifluorometano (Halon 1301) y bromoclorodifluorometano (Halon 1211) han adquirido un uso generalizado en calidad de agentes para la extinción de incendios en zonas cerradas tales como cabinas de aviones y salas de ordenadores. Sin embargo, el uso de diversos halones está siendo eliminado gradualmente debido a su elevado agotamiento del ozono. Además de ello, dado que los halones se utilizan frecuentemente en zonas en las que están presentes seres humanos, las sustituciones adecuadas deben ser también seguras para los seres humanos a concentraciones necesarias para suprimir o extinguir el fuego.
La solicitante ha llegado así a apreciar una necesidad de composiciones y, particularmente, composiciones para la transferencia de calor, composiciones de extinción/supresión de incendios, agentes de soplado, composiciones disolventes y agentes compatibilizantes, que sean potencialmente útiles en numerosas aplicaciones, incluidos sistemas y métodos para el calentamiento y enfriamiento por compresión de vapor, al tiempo que eviten una o más de las desventajas arriba señaladas.
El documento US 6.294.107 describe la producción de espumas de poliuretano utilizando un agente de soplado de hidrocarbonos C4-C6, un poliol, un catalizador, tensioactivos, un ignifugante y un agente compatibilizante.
El documento US 5.278.195 describe el uso de un fluoroalcano de la fórmula CH2=CH-CnF2n+1. El agente de soplado se utiliza para producir espumas plásticas tales como espumas de uretano e isocianurato.
Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 101 (2000) 209-213 describe el uso de sustituciones de fluorocarbonos tropodegradables para productos químicos que agotan el ozono y de calentamiento global.
SUMARIO
La presente invención proporciona el uso, en calidad de un agente de soplado, de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
La presente invención proporciona, además, una composición esponjable que comprende un poliol y un agente de soplado que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
La presente invención proporciona, además, una composición esponjable que es esponjable para formar una espuma termoplástica y que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze) en calidad de un agente de soplado.
La presente invención proporciona, además, una espuma que comprende una composición de espuma polímera que incluye un agente de soplado, en donde el agente de soplado comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
La presente invención proporciona, además, una composición pre-mezclada, que comprende:
(A) un primer componente que comprende un isocianato; y
(B) un segundo componente que comprende un poliol o una mezcla de polioles, un tensioactivo, catalizadores, agente de soplado, un ignifugante y otros componentes reactivos de isocianato, en donde el agente de soplado es 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
La presente invención proporciona, además, un método para formar una espuma, que comprende:
1) proporcionar un agente de soplado que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze);
2) añadir el agente de soplado a una composición esponjable; y
3) hacer reaccionar la composición esponjable bajo condiciones eficaces para formar una espuma o estructura celular.
La presente invención proporciona, además, un método para formar una espuma de poliuretano o poliisocianurato, que comprende combinar un isocianato; un poliol o una mezcla de polioles; un agente de soplado que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze); y otros materiales seleccionados al menos de catalizadores y tensioactivos.
La solicitante piensa que, en general, los compuestos utilizados en la presente invención son generalmente eficaces y exhiben utilidad en composiciones de agentes de soplado. Sin embargo, la solicitante ha encontrado, de manera sorprendente e inesperada, que los compuestos utilizados en la invención exhiben un nivel de toxicidad muy deseablemente bajo en comparación con los otros compuestos de este tipo. Como se puede fácilmente apreciar, este descubrimiento tiene una ventaja y un beneficio potencialmente enormes para la formulación no sólo de composiciones refrigerantes, sino también para cualquiera y también la totalidad de composiciones que, de otro modo, contendrían compuestos relativamente tóxicos que satisfacen las fórmulas arriba descritas.
La solicitante ha descubierto que 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze) tiene un nivel de toxicidad aguda muy bajo, según se mide mediante exposición por inhalación a ratones y ratas. Por otra parte, la solicitante ha encontrado que un grado de toxicidad relativamente elevado puede asociarse a determinados compuestos adaptables para uso con las presentes composiciones, a saber los compuestos que tienen más de un F en el carbono insaturado terminal,
o que no tienen al menos un H en el carbono insaturado terminal. Por ejemplo, la solicitante ha descubierto que 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropeno (HFO – 1225zc) exhibe un grado de toxicidad inaceptablemente elevado, según se mide mediante exposición por inhalación a ratones y ratas.
Se piensa que las presentes composiciones poseen propiedades que son ventajosas para un cierto número de importantes motivos. Por ejemplo, la solicitante, basándose, al menos en parte, en un modelo matemático, piensa que las fluoro-olefinas de la presente invención no tendrán un efecto sustancial negativo sobre la química atmosférica, siendo contribuyentes despreciables para el agotamiento de ozono en comparación con algunas otras especies halogenadas. Las composiciones preferidas de la presente invención tienen, así, la ventaja de no contribuir sustancialmente al agotamiento del ozono. Las composiciones preferidas tampoco contribuyen sustancialmente al calentamiento global en comparación con muchos de los hidrofluoroalcanos actualmente en uso.
Preferiblemente, las composiciones de la presente invención tienen un potencial de calentamiento global (GWP – siglas en inglés) no mayor que 150, más preferiblemente no mayor que 100 e incluso más preferiblemente no mayor que 75. Tal como se utiliza en esta memoria, “GWP” se mide con relación al del dióxido de carbono y a lo largo de un espacio de tiempo de 100 años, según se define en “The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association’s Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project”, que se incorpora en esta
memoria como referencia.
Las presentes composiciones tienen también preferiblemente un potencial de agotamiento del ozono (ODP – siglas en inglés) no mayor que 0,05, más preferiblemente no mayor que 0,02, e incluso de forma más preferida de aproximadamente cero. Tal como se utiliza en esta memoria “ODP” es como se define en “The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association’s Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project”, que se incorpora en esta memoria como referencia.
Los agentes de soplado pueden comprender o constituir también una o más de las presentes composiciones. Tal como se menciona antes, las composiciones de la presente invención pueden incluir los compuestos de la presente invención en cantidades ampliamente oscilantes. Sin embargo, generalmente se prefiere que las composiciones preferidas para uso como agentes de soplado de acuerdo con la presente invención, compuesto o compuestos de acuerdo con la Fórmula I e, incluso más preferiblemente, de la Fórmula II, estén presentes en una cantidad que constituya al menos aproximadamente 5% en peso, e incluso más preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 15% en peso de la composición.
En otras realizaciones, la invención proporciona composiciones esponjables y, preferiblemente, composiciones de espuma de poliuretano, poliisocianurato y termoplásticas extrudidas, preparadas al utilizar las composiciones de la presente invención. En realizaciones de espuma de este tipo, una o más de las presentes composiciones están incluidas como o parte de un agente de soplado en una composición esponjable, composición que incluye preferiblemente uno o más componentes adicionales capaces de reaccionar y/o formar espuma bajo las condiciones adecuadas para formar una espuma o estructura celular, tal como es bien conocido en la técnica. La invención se refiere también a espumas y, preferiblemente, espumas de celdillas cerradas, preparadas a partir de una formulación de espuma polímera que contiene un agente de soplado que comprende las composiciones de la invención. Todavía en otras realizaciones, la invención proporciona una composición esponjable que comprende espumas termoplásticas tales como poliestireno y polietileno (PE), preferiblemente PE de baja densidad.
En determinadas realizaciones preferidas, también se pueden incorporar en las composiciones de agente soplado de la presente invención agentes dispersantes, estabilizadores de las celdillas, tensioactivos y otros aditivos. Los tensioactivos se añaden, de manera opcional pero preferida para actuar como estabilizadores de las celdillas. Algunos materiales representativos se venden bajo los nombres de DC-193, B-8404 y L-5340 que son, generalmente, copolímeros de bloques de polisiloxano y polioxialquileno tales como los descritos en las patentes de EE.UU. nºs. 2.834.748,
2.917.480 y 2.846.458, cada una de las cuales se incorpora en esta memoria como referencia. Otros aditivos opcionales para la mezcla de agentes de soplado pueden incluir ignifugantes tales como tri(2-cloroetil)fosfato, tri(2cloropropil)fosfato, tri(2,3- dibromopropil)fosfato, tri(1,3-dicloropropil)fosfato, fosfato de diamonio, diversos compuestos aromáticos halogenados, óxido de antimonio, trihidrato de aluminio, poli(cloruro de vinilo) y similares.
En otro aspecto, la presente invención proporciona composiciones propulsoras que comprenden o consisten esencialmente en una composición de la presente invención, siendo preferiblemente una composición propulsora de este tipo una composición pulverizable. Las composiciones propulsoras de la presente invención comprenden preferiblemente un material a ser pulverizado y un agente propulsor que comprende, consiste esencialmente en o consiste en una composición de acuerdo con la presente invención. También pueden estar presentes en la mezcla pulverizable ingredientes inertes, disolventes y otros materiales. Preferiblemente, la composición pulverizable es un aerosol. Materiales adecuados a ser pulverizados incluyen, sin limitación, materiales cosméticos tales como desodorantes, perfumes, sprays para el cabello, cremas limpiadoras y agentes de pulimentación, así como materiales médicos tales como medicamentos anti-asma y anti-halitosis.
Las composiciones de la presente invención son útiles en relación con numerosos métodos y sistemas, incluidos como fluidos de transferencia de calor en métodos y sistemas para transferir calor tales como refrigerantes utilizados en sistemas de refrigeración, de acondicionamiento de aire y de bomba de calor. Las presentes composiciones son también ventajosas para uso en sistemas y métodos para generar aerosoles, que comprenden o consisten preferiblemente en el agente propulsor de aerosol en sistemas y métodos de este tipo. En determinados aspectos de la presente invención se incluyen también métodos para formar espumas y métodos para extinguir o suprimir el fuego. La presente invención proporciona también, en determinados aspectos, métodos para eliminar residuos de
artículos en los que se utilizan las presentes composiciones en calidad de composiciones disolventes en métodos y sistemas de este tipo.
Una realización de la presente invención se refiere a métodos para formar espumas y, preferiblemente, espumas de
5 poliuretano y poliisocianurato. Los métodos comprenden, generalmente, proporcionar una composición de agente de soplado de la presente invención, añadir (directa o indirectamente) la composición de agente de soplado a una composición esponjable y hacer reaccionar la composición esponjable bajo condiciones eficaces para formar una espuma o estructura celular, tal como se conoce bien en la técnica. Cualquiera de los métodos bien conocidos en la técnica tales como los descritos en “Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology”, volúmenes I y II, Saunders y Frisch,
10 1962, John Wiley and Sons, Nueva York, NY, que se incorpora en esta memoria como referencia, se pueden utilizar
o adaptar para uso de acuerdo con las realizaciones de espuma de la presente invención. En general, métodos preferidos de este tipo comprenden preparar espumas de poliuretano o poliisocianurato al combinar un isocianato, un poliol o mezcla de polioles, un agente de soplado o una mezcla de agentes de soplado que comprenden una o más de las presentes composiciones, u otros materiales tales como catalizadores, tensioactivos y, opcionalmente,
15 ignifugantes, colorantes u otros aditivos.
Es conveniente en muchas aplicaciones proporcionar los componentes para las espumas de poliuretano o poliisocianurato en formulaciones pre-mezcladas. Lo más típicamente, la formulación de espuma se pre-mezcla en dos componentes. El isocianato y, opcionalmente, determinados tensioactivos y agentes de soplado comprenden el 20 primer componente, al que se alude comúnmente como el componente “A”. El poliol o mezcla de polioles, tensioactivo, catalizadores, agentes de soplado, ignifugante y otros componentes reactivos de isocianato constituyen el segundo componente, al que comúnmente se alude como el componente “B”. Por consiguiente, espumas de poliuretano o poliisocianurato se preparan fácilmente al reunir los componentes secundarios A y B ya sea mezclándolos a mano para formar pequeñas preparaciones y, preferiblemente mediante técnicas de mezcladura
25 mecánicas para formar bloques, planchas, estratificados, paneles vertidos in situ y otros artículos, espumas aplicadas por pulverización, espumas y similares. Opcionalmente, a la cabeza mezcladora o lugar de reacción se pueden añadir, en calidad de una tercera corriente, otros ingredientes tales como ignifugantes, colorantes, agentes de soplado auxiliares e incluso otros polioles. Sin embargo, lo más preferiblemente, todos ellos se incorporan en un componente B según se describe arriba.
30 También es posible producir espumas termoplásticas utilizando las composiciones de la invención. Por ejemplo, formulaciones de poliestireno y polietileno convencionales se pueden combinar con las composiciones de una manera convencional para producir espumas rígidas.
Claims (9)
- REIVINDICACIONES1.- Uso de un agente de soplado de una composición que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
- 2.- Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde la composición comprende al menos aproximadamente 5% en peso, preferiblemente al menos aproximadamente 15% en peso de HFO-1234ze. 3.- Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en donde la composición se utiliza como un agente de soplado en laproducción de una espuma termoplástica. 4.- Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en donde la espuma termoplástica comprende poliestireno. 5.- Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en donde la espuma termoplástica comprende polietileno. 6.- Una composición esponjable que comprende un poliol y un agente de soplado que comprende 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
- 7.- Una composición esponjable de acuerdo con la reivindicación 6, que es esponjable para formar una espuma seleccionada de espumas de poliuretano y poliisocianurato. 8.- Una composición esponjable que es esponjable para formar una espuma termoplástica y que comprende 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze) en calidad de un agente de soplado.
- 9.- Una composición esponjable de acuerdo con la reivindicación 8, en donde la espuma termoplástica se selecciona de espumas de poliestireno y polietileno. 10.- Una espuma que comprende una composición de espuma polímera que incluye un agente de soplado, en dondeel agente de soplado comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze). 11.- Una espuma de acuerdo con la reivindicación 10, que es una espuma de celdillas cerradas. 12.- Una espuma de acuerdo con la reivindicación 10, en donde la composición de espuma polímera se seleccionade espumas de poliuretano, polisiocianurato y termoplásticas. 13.- Una espuma de acuerdo con la reivindicación 12, en donde la espuma termoplástica comprende poliestireno. 14.- Una espuma de acuerdo con la reivindicación 12, en donde la espuma termoplástica comprende polietileno. 15.- Una composición pre-mezclada, que comprende
- (A)
- un primer componente que comprende un isocianato; y
- (B)
- un segundo componente que comprende un poliol o una mezcla de polioles, un tensioactivo, catalizador, agente de soplado, un ignifugante y otros componentes reactivos de isocianato, en donde el agente de soplado es 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze).
- 16.- Un método para formar una espuma, que comprende.1) proporcionar un agente de soplado que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze);2) añadir el agente de soplado a una composición esponjable; y3) hacer reaccionar la composición esponjable bajo condiciones eficaces para formar una espuma o estructura celular.
- 17.- Un método para formar una espuma de poliuretano o poliisocianurato al mezclar entre sí el primer y segundo componentes definidos en la reivindicación 15.
- 18.- Un método para formar una espuma de poliuretano o poliisocianurato, que comprende combinar un isocianato; un poliol o mezcla de polioles; un agente de soplado que comprende 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropeno (HFO – 1234ze); y otros materiales seleccionados al menos de catalizadores y tensioactivos.
- 19.- Un método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 17 ó 18, en el que la espuma se utiliza para formar bloques, planchas, estratificados, paneles vertidos in situ, espumas aplicadas por pulverización o espumas.
- 20.- Un bloque, plancha, estratificado, panel vertido in situ, espuma aplicada por pulverización o espuma, obtenible de acuerdo con el método de la reivindicación 17 ó 18.
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