SU1724053A1 - Method for combined cultivation of cereal and legume crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The essence of the invention: the sowing of winter cereal crops is carried out in two bands of 7-8 m, the first one - by continuous sowing, the second - by rows between 45-60 cm between the soil, before freezing the soil between the second row under legumes, the soil is treated with the formation of micro terraces and between them slits of a depth of 35-55 cm, and in the spring one-year-old leguminous crops are planted in rows of micro terraces; leduyuschego been producing so shallow hoeing to a depth of 3-5 cm, sowing seeds of winter crops was carried out after 7-10 days. on legumes, and in spring - legumes on winter crops. 4 il. Yo

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for the combined cultivation of various agricultural crops for grain and fodder.

There is a method for the combined cultivation of high protein fodder crops, including sowing corn with a sweet clover.

The disadvantage of the method is the following: sowing corn with one-year sweet clover is possible if such crops are harvested for green fodder; such a combination does not go to silage due to the formation of the grain of the sweet clover plants, crumbling of its leaves, and coarsening of the mass. In addition, in the dry year, the sowing of the sweet clover in one term with corn is not successful,

There is a known method of cultivating agricultural crops for fodder, which includes the combined sowing of wheat and wintering peas in different rows, with the seeds of wheat being sown in a smooth way, and the seeds of wintering peas - furrow.

The disadvantage of this method is obtaining only green fodder, the method does not provide for the cultivation of agricultural products.

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Special crops for grain, in addition, in conditions of severe winters, peas often freeze. The method does not provide for the protection of soil from erosion.

The aim of the invention is to obtain from one area at the same time full grain, high-quality green fodder and protection of soil from erosion.

The proposed method allows simultaneously cultivating several crops with different purposes - high-protein feed, high-quality grain and coarse feed, provides soil protection from both water and wind erosion, increases soil fertility and improves soil structure, eliminates the use of mineral fertilizers, allows environmentally friendly grain at the same time at least two crops.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the sowing of winter cereal crops is carried out in two lanes 7-8 m wide each: the first - continuous sowing, the second - rows with 45-60 cm between rows. Before the soil freezes between the rows The second strip under legumes cultivates the soil with the formation of microteriscuts and between them 35-55 cm depth, in the spring they peat annual crops in a row of microterraces. In this case, the harvest is carried out on green fodder across the direction of sowing during the budding period, and on grain, each crop is separately grown along the direction of sowing. In the autumn of next year, fine loosening to a depth of 3-5 cm was carried out, sowing of winter seeds was carried out in 7-10 days on legumes, and in spring - on legumes in winter.

FIG. Figure 1 shows the layout of the strips with a width of 7-8 m, where the first stripe of the crop is in winter by the continuous (row) method, and the second one of the same width (7-8 m) is wide-wide sowing with 45-60 cm inter-row spacing; in fig. 2 - the same, section, front view; in fig. 3 - the same, with leguminous plants substitute between the legs (peas, lupine, vetch), front view; in fig. 4 - the same, both winter and leguminous plants have grown before they are harvested, front view.

FIG. 1 shows lanes 1 and 2 with a width of 7–8 m. Lane 1 shows the sowing of winter cereals by continuous sowing, and lane 2 shows the sowing of winter crops with rows of 45–60 cm between rows with the formation of microterraces and slots.

FIG. Figures 2 and 3 show variants of microcrafts made up between the ages of 45-60 cm, and a gap of 35-55 cm in depth between them.

Example. For carrying out the method, the field of fodder field or soil-protection crop rotations is used. Before selecting the floor, the route of movement of the sowing unit is outlined. At the sites of water erosion, sowing is carried out across the main slope, and in areas with the manifestation of wind erosion, across the prevailing winds. For the implementation of the method the best option is to use two fields of crop rotation, with the second field after pure steam.

5 Before sowing, a sowing unit is prepared from four fields SZ-3.6 or two SZP-8 with a crawler tractor T-150.

In two villages, SZ-3,6 close a series of wires: 1,3,4,7,9,10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18,

0 19, 21, 22 and 24th and left open 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23rd. Here you get the seeding of seeds in a wide-wide way through 45 cm (but you can close three further wires, then the inter-row is obtained

5 60 cm).

Sowing of seeds of winter plants (rye, triticale, wheat, barley) is carried out in early autumn on well-prepared soil, and without introducing mineral

0 fertilizers according to the standard of agricultural technology. Half of the unit - 1- and 2- crops are sown by continuous sowing, i.e. large, and the second half of the aggregate, 3- and 4-cuts, sow the seeds wide at 45 cm (or

5 60 cm). Thus, sowing in stripes through 7.2 m (with NW-3,6) and 7.8 m (with NWP-8) or 7-8 m, the other half with the same intervals, but with different sowing method (Fig. 1 and 2). Before

By freezing the soil, for example, for a week, inter-soil tillage is carried out on strips with wide-sowing, with this treatment, microteroduclear slits and a slit (Fig. 2) to a depth of 35-55 cm are created in areas where water wind erosion occurs. 45 cm example

Such a depth of fissure is caused by the need to destroy the plow base and penetrate the humus horizon, and for better absorption of spring moisture. The depth of the slit less than 35 cm does not destroy the plow base, the slit of more than 55 cm dramatically increases the traction resistance of the cultivator. In early spring when drying the soil

5 sow the seeds of leguminous (grain) annual plants (peas, lupine, wiki, dung) between the winter crops planted in a wide variety way. At the same time, winter crops remain to maintain the pea stems, which make it possible to harvest them without loss. In the event of the occurrence of pests and diseases, treatment is carried out by known methods.

The grain mass is removed during the budding period before the laying and formation of the beans (streaks) across the planting. This makes it possible to balance the feed protein, i.e. enrich it with protein. The layout scheme (7-8 m) of plants (winter - legume winter) allows this to be fully implemented. It is established that such a placement of crops is the most optimal and well coincides with the tools of their cultivation. If one sows a continuous sowing of winter crops more than 8 m, and a strip of cereal legumes less than 7 m, then the feed becomes inadequate, i.e. there is not enough protein in the feed, and if vice versa, winter crops are less than 7 m, and Elako-legumes are more than 8 m wide, then in the green feed there is an excess of proteins. The most optimal is the band placement of winter crops - winter crops + legumes 7–8 m wide. In this example, 7.2 m for sprouts with a width of 3.6 m with two passes.

When receiving grain products, the harvesting is carried out along the sowing process, beginning in the phase of wax ripeness of the seeds. The specified placement of the strips (7-8 m) corresponds to the harvesting machines - in one pass the combine cleans the strip. After harvesting, green fodder or grain produces fine loosening - mulching to a depth of 4 cm. Such depth allows to destroy the upper layer (the ends of the soil capillaries) and grind it with plant debris using steam cultivators or a new surface treatment tool .

This treatment allows the moisture from the lower layers of the soil to be brought to the upper in

for 7-10 days (then this process is disturbed and moisture does not accumulate, i.e., the capillaries are restored). After that, the main and pre-sowing tillage is carried out according to the generally accepted agricultural technology for sowing of winter crops and the seeds of winter crops are sown according to legume predecessors, and the legumes are sown at winter next spring. After two years, the two sexes are fully covered by the sowing of legumes. Then two other sexes are included in the crop rotation.

Claims (1)

Claims A method for the combined cultivation of cereal and leguminous crops, including basic and preplant tillage, strip sowing and harvesting, characterized in that, in order to obtain full grain, high-quality green fodder and protect the soil from erosion from one area, winter cereal crops are produced in two lanes 7–8 m wide each, the first one - by continuous sowing, the second - in rows between 45-60 cm between rows, before freezing the soil between the second row under the leguminous crops However, tillage with the formation of microterisings and between them 35-55 cm deep, spring legume crops are planted in the series of microterraces in the spring, while harvesting is done for green food across the planting direction during the budding period, and for grain each crop is separately along directions of sowing, and in the autumn of the next year, small-scale loosening to a depth of 3-5 cm was done, sowing of winter seeds was carried out in 7-10 days on legumes, and in spring - legumes on winter crops. one u one S-boom Rig. 20