RU2038720C1 - Method for preparation of heavy soils for row-crop cultures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves band or strip sowing of a mixture of high-stalk and bean cultures and two-stage formation of ridges. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of soil preparation and the formation of ridges after stubble stubble predecessors.

 A known method of forming ridges after stubble predecessors, including the entire autumn range of weed control, fertilizing, cutting ridges.

 There is also a method of preparing heavy loamy soils for potatoes, including basic tillage, autumn formation of ridges and cutting cracks in their center. However, both of these methods are multioperative and have high labor and time costs when conducting autumn field work.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce costs and reduce tension during the autumn field work.

 The method is as follows.

 After harvesting the harvested stubble crop, the main soil treatment is carried out with a combined arable unit to a depth of 20-25 cm. The prepared soil is then followed by the crop crop belt or strip sowing of a mixture of tall and leguminous or cruciferous crops for fodder purposes. Crop sowing is carried out with a seeder with the number of coulters equal to or a multiple of the number of coulters of the sowing unit of the proposed main row crop. The distance between the centers of the tapes or strips of crop sowing is 70 cm.

 During the growing season, inter-row processing is carried out with radical top dressing. The working bodies of the cultivator carry out the cutting of weeds, loosening the soil in the aisles, podokuchivanie plants in tapes or strips with the simultaneous sprinkling of weeds in them and planting fertilizers. In this case, ridges 10-12 cm high are formed, which serve as the basis for the formation of full-profile autumn ridges.

 The green mass is removed at a low cut, then fertilizers are applied superficially and ridges 16-20 cm high are formed. At the same time, slits are cut in the center of the ridge with loosening of its bottom, directing the working body between the rows of tape or in the center of the strip. The stem remains of crop crops (corn, sunflower) in this case play the role of a biological marker.

 In the case of sowing of crops with hard-to-eradicate weeds 10-15 days before harvesting winter predecessors at a grain moisture content of about 30%, the crops are treated with roundand at a dose of 3 kg / ha in a mixture with nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 10 kg / ha. This leads to the death of weeds and at the same time contributes to the accelerated dehydration of the entire mass of harvested crops and ripening of grain.

 The proposed method was tested in the field in two areas of 2 ha each for sowing corn and potatoes.

 For corn, the soil was prepared as follows.

 After harvesting winter wheat, the main tillage was carried out with a combined arable unit to a depth of 20 cm. Following the corn seeder SUPN-8, the crop mixture was sown with a ribbon method.

 In one row of tape up to 15 cm wide, corn was sown from a grain can of a seeder, and in another from a fertilized can, a mixture of sunflower and peas. In the phase of 7-8 corn leaves, inter-row processing was carried out with the simultaneous introduction of granular fertilizers into the root zone and sprinkling of tape on both sides. In the fall, green mass was harvested and fertilizers were applied superficially, followed by cutting ridges with simultaneous snapping and loosening of the ridge bottom. In this case, the loosening organ was directed in the center of the tape between the remains of the stalks of corn and sunflower. The yield of green mass from 1 ha was 280 c. The yield of corn after such preparation of the soil slightly differed from the control and amounted to 82 kg / ha.

 When preparing the soil for potatoes, crop sowing was carried out in a strip method with a strip width of 10-12 cm, between strips 58-60 cm. The strip was sowed with a mixture of sunflower and peas, and when the plants reached a height of 40-50 cm, interrow cultivation was carried out with top dressing and low hilling of the strip . The yield of green mass was 330 c / ha. After harvesting, fertilizers were applied superficially and then crests were cut with a height of 22-25 cm with simultaneous snapping in the center of the strip. Potato yield is also close to the control and amounted to 350 kg / ha.

 The proposed method for preparing heavy soils for tilled soils makes it possible to maintain the soil in a loose, clean state, partially form ridges and facilitate their final formation in autumn. At the same time, they receive an additional crop, enrich the soil with organic matter and improve the phytosanitary condition of the field.

 Stem crop residues in tapes or strips serve as markers and facilitate cutting of ridges. Root residues in the ridge improve the water absorption, drainage ability of the soil during the winter, increase erosion resistance.

 The method allows to reduce costs and relieve tension during the autumn field work without reducing the quality of soil preparation.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD FOR PREPARING HEAVY SOILS FOR WILD CROPS, including basic soil preparation, autumn formation of ridges with simultaneous cutting of cracks, characterized in that the main soil treatment is carried out before sowing crop crops, sowing is carried out by tape or strip method with highly stalked row crops mixed with legumes or cruciferous, and the comb is formed in two stages, the first when inter-row processing, the second after harvesting the crop.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the soils littered with hard to eliminate weeds, before harvesting the winter predecessors, they are treated with a mixture of roundup with nitrogen fertilizer.