SU1674741A1 - Method for growing of root vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used both in the production of marketable products and in the cultivation of the mother plants of two year old root crops in seed production. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and yield of standard products when growing mother plants by creating favorable conditions for the development of plants, as well as reducing labor costs. After deep cultivation to a depth of 16 to 18 cm, cuts with a width at the base of 60 cm and a width in the upper part of 20 cm with a distance between centers of a range of 70 cm are cut. Before sowing, the top platform is treated with a herbicide and rolled into cages with water-filled rollers. Sowing is carried out immediately after the formation of a group of seeds in a box, formed in the center of a group by a 16 cm wide strip and a depth equal to the depth of sowing, sowing seeds randomly using a broadband coulter. Seed rate of carrot seeds 3.5 - 4.0 kg / ha , red beet 8-10 kg / ha. Agrotechnical care is carried out by tripping the pile three times, and before cleaning, the pile is folded up to keep the leaves of the plants upright and when the heads of the root crops are covered with an insulating layer of soil. Before harvesting the roots, they first cut the tops of the tops and clean the roots from the tops of the roots, after which mechanized harvesting of the roots is carried out. 2 hp f-ly. (Ls

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used both in the production of marketable products and in the cultivation of the mother plants of two year old root crops in seed production.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and yield of standard products when growing mother plants by creating favorable conditions for the development of plants, as well as reducing labor costs.

The method is carried out as follows.

Crops are placed after winter crops walking on clean or busy couples,

and after annual and perennial herbs. Since autumn, the soil has been prepared using the semi-pair system or an improvement of bi-biology: twice shelling the stubble with disc shears to a depth of 6–8 and 12–14 cm, carry out operational planning, apply herbicides to combat spraying weeds, fertilizers and plow Che depth 30 32 cm

t When sprouts appear, weeds are cultivated two or three times and at the same time level the soil.

Harrowing is carried out in the spring and then a single deep cultivation per glus v

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four

Binu 16–18 cm. Following the combing machine in an aggregate with a T-70C tractor, weights form 18–20 cm high, 60 cm wide at the base, and 20 cm wide in the upper part. The distance between the middle groups is 70 cm The spring cuts that are harvested make it possible to retain the necessary amount of moisture and ensure that the seedlings are obtained during summer planting of vegetable crops, since the capillary system of water evaporation is disturbed in them, and the soil is in a loose state.

Cutting c d can be carried out before the summer sowing, making a pre-deep cultivation.

Prior to sowing, the upper platform of the worm is treated with the herbicide prometrin at a dose of 1.5 - 2 kg / ha of active ingredient and the rollers are rolled over with water-filled rollers to improve the sites for sowing. Sowing is carried out immediately after the formation of a group of beds in a bed, formed in the center of a group by a 16 cm wide strip and a depth equal to the depth of sowing, sowing seeds randomly using a broadband coulter.

For sowing (seeds of onion, carrot, red beet, radish, radish, etc.), vegetable CO-4,2 with extended telescopic wheels, specially equipped with six broad-band openers, are used. The opener design allows you to place the seeds randomly across the entire width of the sowing bed, which provides the most uniform area of plant nutrition, their uniform development and production of 85 - 90% of standard mother plants. At the same time, the seeding rate, for example, of carrots, is 3.5-4.0 kg / ha, and table beet is 8-10 kg / ha, which makes it possible to avoid manual penetration. After sowing, rolling is carried out with the same rollers. With such a pre-sowing tillage, the most favorable conditions are created for timely friendly shoots.

The seedling density of each pile is 950 thousand pieces. plants per hectare, and on the control file with 350 s. The growth and development of plants on scales occurs 1.5–2 times more intensively than on the control section.

During the growing season, three-fold hilling is carried out on grazing sowing to control weeds. Before harvesting, the fourth hilling of the soil is carried out to maintain the leaves of the plants in an upright position and cover the heads of the root crops with insulating soil layers.

KIR-1.5 is harvested in an aggregate with an MTZ-80 tractor. Following KIR-1,5

the remaining long cuttings are removed with a brush aggregated with a T-40 tractor.

Root crops are harvested by potato harvesters E-686, E-684, KPK-3.

The total soil contamination is 5–7%, which makes it possible to immediately load them into containers and send them to storage.

The yield of standard queen cells in the proposed method is 85 - 90%. The yield of carrot mothers was 124–132 centners per hectare, the seed of carrots was 3.02–9.0 centners per hectare, which made it possible to free up areas under other crops.

The use of the proposed method minimizes the injury to root crops, increases their resistance to disease, reduces the cost of manual labor and allows to mechanize the production process of the mother plants of two-year root crops.

Claims (3)

1. Method of growing root vegetables crops, including pre-sowing deep cultivation of the soil, cutting of cuts up to 0.2 m high, treatment with herbicides, sowing of seeds in the chests with subsequent rolling, agrotechnical care of plants and mechanized harvesting of root crops, characterized in that and the yield of standard products when growing mother plants by creating favorable conditions for the development of plants, as well as reducing labor costs, cuts are cut to a width of 60 cm at the base and 20 cm in the upper part with a distance between and about 70 cm, with the herbicides being processed, a band is carried out only on the upper platform, followed by rolling them, and sowing on the rows is diverted to the bed, formed by 16 cm wide and a depth equal to the sowing depth, agrotechnical care is carried out by triple hilling the soil, and before harvesting the soil is hilled to maintain the leaves of the plants in an upright position and cover the heads of the root crops with an insulating soil layer, while first harvesting the root crops tops and clean the roots from the foliage on the vine. 2, the method according to claim 1, wherein the fact that the seed rate for growing carrots is 3.5–4.0 kg / ha. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the rate of Boicesa seeds when growing beetroot is 8-10 kg / ha.