RU2067370C1 - Method for cultivating farm crops in irrigated soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing in irrigated soil. SUBSTANCE: method involves sowing grain crop as winter or summer crop; harvesting and sowing summer crop; forming ridges on existing furrows in the middle autumn time and cutting slits in furrow bottom; applying organic-mineral fertilizer; effectuating strip drilling of grain crop into slopes of ridges and bottom of irrigation furrows. Width of drill strip is 30-70% of row spacing of subsequent summer main tilled crop drilled in furrows. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and increased yield. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to crop production on irrigated lands.

 There is a method of cultivating winter and spring grain crops, in which the spreading of organic fertilizers is carried out in autumn, the main soil tillage in the form of plowing with a turnover of the reservoir, pre-sowing preparation of the soil, including chizing with harrowing, autumn-spring continuous or horizontal sowing of the grain-crop with simultaneous cutting irrigation furrows, watering. During the growing season, fractional top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers is carried out (1).

 The disadvantage of this method is that, the land area is not used efficiently due to the impossibility of sowing in this area of the spring (main) crop in the optimal agrotechnical time and overgrowing of the crop with weeds.

 The objective of the invention was to increase the efficiency of irrigated land use and to reduce weed overgrowing of fields.

 The problem is solved in that in the method of cultivating crops on irrigated lands, including sowing, cultivating and harvesting grain crops, according to the invention, grain crops are sown as winter or spring on the slopes of the ridges and the bottom of the irrigation furrow, for which, in mid-autumn, the formation ridges in place of existing grooves, in the bottom of which slits are pre-cut with the laying of organic-mineral fertilizers in them, while the grain-ear crop is sown in stripes, the width of which s is 30-70% of the row spacing of the spring main row-crop cultivated in ridges.

 Thanks to the proposed alternation of operations, it is possible to obtain from one field a crop, for example, a technical crop (cotton) and grain crops, the latter, covering the surface of the field, preventing weeds from germinating.

 The drawing schematically shows the placement of row spacings, ridges and furrows.

 Position 1 marks the plants of the main row crop of spring sowing produced in the ridges. Slots 2 are cut at the bottom of each furrow 3. Over ridges 4, ridges 4 are formed, formed from adjacent slopes 5 ridges 6 already used in the past season. New furrows are formed in place of the latter 7. Stripes 8 (shaded) for sowing winter grain-bearing crops, and unseeded stripes 9 are intended for sowing the main (spring) crop) 10. Lane 9 is used to drive the wheels of 11 tractor units in winter and early spring and when sowing the main crop (in spring).

 The implementation of the method.

 Example 1

 On the cotton field, at the end of October and beginning of November, they are snapping to a depth of 15-35 cm (depending on soil differences) with 2 organic-mineral fertilizers (mixtures) laid in the slots. In this case, the cracks are cut in the bottom of each groove 3 already existing on the cotton field so that the distance between the cracks is maintained according to the row spacing of the main crop of the coming year, i.e. 60 or 90 cm. Crests 4 are formed above the crevices 2, forming them from the soil of adjacent slopes 5 of the existing crests 6 so that grooves 7 are formed in place of these crests 6, and crests 4 are formed above the crests 3 and then sown on non-saline soils as a winter grain-and-wheat crop, wheat, and in saline crops, wash irrigation is carried out and barley is sown as spring crops.

 Winter wheat is sown in stripes 8 in the bottom of the formed grooves 7 and on the slopes of the formed ridges 4 so that on the top of the ridges 4 there remain unseeded strip 9 with a width of 30-60 cm to accommodate the main (spring) row crop, and the width of the sown strip is 18- 63 cm, for example, of cotton, on saline soils with newly formed ridges 4 and irrigation furrows 7, transverse temporary ridges 40–50 cm high are cut every 30–50 m and longitudinal intermediate temporary furrows (ok-aryks), the sides of which also serve as sides checks.

 The distance between temporary furrows is 50-100 m (depending on the slope of the terrain).

 After washing the fields, the rollers and furrows are leveled and leveled, and ridges 4 and furrows 7 are restored in their places. These operations, as well as sowing barley, are carried out in spring.

After sowing winter and spring grain-crops, they are watered and after 8-12 days they receive seedlings. In the variant of winter crops, they enter the stage of tillering. In the spring growing season, in strips of 8 crops, 10 crops are fed 1-2 times with nitrogen fertilizers at a rate of 50-75 kg / ha, followed by watering at a rate of 600-800 m ³ / ha. In the month of April, in strip 9, direct sowing of cotton 10 is carried out by the usual norms. Rapidly growing grain-growing suppresses growing weeds and protect cotton crops from crusting, drying out and overcooling (during the April cold returns). In this case, the phenomenon of inhibition of cotton seedlings is absent, because the latter grow on ridges 4, and grain-spikes in furrows 7.

 When ripe grain (wheat or barley) is ripened to the stage of wax ripeness, they are harvested (second half of May) by a high cut at the height of the tops of growing cotton. Following the harvesting of grain crops, inter-row processing of cotton is carried out with the planting of plant residues and stubble with top dressing with nitrogen fertilizers. Then, all summer and early autumn, right up to harvesting cotton, cotton operations are carried out according to generally accepted technology for cultivating this crop.

 Thus, grain and cotton crops are obtained from one field, which significantly increases the productivity of the land area. Moreover, its fertility does not decrease due to replenishment of its organics and laying in the slots of organic-mineral mixtures.

 Example 2. In the spring, corn 10 is sown directly in the ridges 4. The operations for caring for it until the harvesting of the grain crops and the first inter-row cultivation are carried out as in Example 1, and subsequent agricultural methods until the harvesting of corn are carried out according to generally accepted technology. Following the harvesting of corn in July for silage or in early August for grain, surface (pre-sowing) treatment of the existing ridges with 4 special disc harrows is performed to cut the root part of the plants and chop dry clods of soil, and in the furrowed part of the field topography, 7-disc hoes. Then, seeds of summer crops, for example, millet, are sown immediately, by the usual norms with line spacing of 7.5-15 cm, into the finally formed ridges 4. The rest of the agricultural operations are carried out according to generally accepted technology. Crop ripening of summer crops occurs until mid-October, and harvesting is completed by the end of October by the optimal time for preparing the soil for sowing seeds of winter grain crops.

Claims (1)

 A method of cultivating crops on irrigated lands, including sowing, cultivating and harvesting grain crops on the field after harvesting the spring-summer crop, characterized in that the grain crops are sown as winter or spring crops on the slopes of the ridges and the bottom of the irrigation furrow, for which in mid-autumn they form ridges at the site of existing furrows, in the bottom of which slits are pre-cut with the laying of organic fertilizers in them, while the grain-spike culture is sown in strips, the width of of which is 30–70% of the row spacing of the subsequent spring main row crop cultivated in ridges.