RU2044453C1 - Method of potato cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves autumn plowing-in of organic and mineral phosphorous-potash fertilizers, spring harrowing, boardless plowing over, cutting of ridges before planting with simultaneous placement of nitrous fertilizer into ridges. Planting material is warmed-up tubers of Tsukanovsky variety with sprouting eyes, planted 14-17 cm deep from the top of the ridge at the rate of 50 thou tubers per hectare. Soil is loosened 10-12 days after planting and interrow cultivation is carried out after emergence of sprouts by gradual building-up of ridges. EFFECT: higher harvesting capacity and consumer qualities of potato achieved by using disease-resistant potato against the background of optimum fertilizer doses, mechanical cultivation of soil and ecologically-safe methods. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivation of marketable potatoes.

 A known method of controlling weeds in crops of row crops, including cutting ridges, sowing planting, followed by leveling the ridges and moving the soil between the rows when the weeds reach the “white thread” phase, row cultivation.

 A known method of preparing soil for planting potatoes in the ridges, including autumn plowing of organic and mineral fertilizers, spring harrowing, subsurface plowing, formation of ridges with the simultaneous placement of fertilizers in the ridges and planting tubers in the ridges.

 The disadvantage of these methods is the lack of connection between the technology of cultivation and the characteristics of potato plants to the conditions of vegetation.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and consumer qualities of potatoes through the use of disease-resistant potatoes against the background of optimal doses of fertilizers, mechanical tillage and environmentally friendly methods.

 To achieve the technical task, autumn plowing of organic and mineral fertilizers, spring harrowing, subsurface plowing, formation of ridges with simultaneous placement of fertilizers in ridges, and planting of tubers in ridges are carried out.

 Distinctive features of the proposed method are that phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers are applied in the fall, and nitrogen in the spring, locally when the ridges are formed, and landing in the ridges is carried out by heated tubers with a bent eye to a depth of 14-17 cm from the top of the ridge; soil, and before closing the tops, row-spacings are performed until ridges 22-24 cm high are formed.

 For planting, tubers of the Tsukanovsky variety are used with a planting density of 50-55 thousand bushes per 1 ha, continuous loosening of the soil is carried out 10-12 days after planting by moving the soil to the bottom of the furrow, and inter-row cultivation begins after the emergence of potato shoots by gradually growing ridges.

 The method is as follows.

 The method of potato cultivation was studied at the Polyanka state farm in the Lukhovitsky district of the Moscow Region in 1990-1992. Potatoes are picky about the loose state of the soil and its high fertility. Therefore, in the fall, organic fertilizers are applied in the form of composts and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which are plowed into the soil with plows with dumps and skimmers. Early-spring harrowing of winter fallow in two tracks is carried out with the onset of physical ripeness of the upper soil layers to a depth of 4-6 cm with the BZTS-1.0 tooth harrows. After harrowing, if necessary, when ripening the soil, plowing of the winter fallow is carried out to a depth of 16-18 cm with non-mold plows or a cultivator with a deep ripper. To accelerate the ripening of the soil and the local application of nitrogen fertilizers, the ridges are cut with a KON-2.8 P or KRN-4.2G cultivator equipped with two-tier paws for fertilizing the row zone. The ridges are cut with a height of 18-20 cm. For the implementation of the method used a variety of potatoes Tsukanovsky. Potato Tsukanovsky created a complex combined method. Potato belongs to the group of mid-season, with a growing season of 85-90 days, has an extremely intensive growth and development. The height of the plants, subject to technology, can reach 100-120 cm. Bushes are powerful, highly leafy, multi-stemmed 7-10 stems. The stems are thick, erect, with anthocyanin coloration in its lower part, the root system is powerful, penetrates deep into the soil. The number of tubers in the bush is 20-30 pieces. The tubers are white, round, round-oval in shape, with large superficial eyes. Eyes appearing on the soil surface are large blue-violet. The tuber pulp is white, not darkening. The tuber nest is compact. The average yield of 400-500 kg / ha. According to the data of the Yegoryevsky Gossortuchastki, the potential yield is 700-800 c / ha Starchiness of 18-20% protein -3.3% Taste and keeping quality are good. Potatoes are resistant from planting to harvesting against the most harmful disease of late blight. With early planting, it is less damaged by the Colorado potato beetle. Potato is resistant to the taste of twisting leaves. Suitable for cultivation on sod-podzolic soils of any mechanical composition. The highest yield forms on well-fertilized soils with sufficient moisture. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizers against a background of 50-60 t / ha of compost is: nitrogen 125-135, phosphorus 180-200, potassium 180-200 kg of active substance per 1 ha. The preparation of the seed material begins 2-4 weeks before planting by air-thermal heating until the germination of sprouts of no more than 0.5 cm in size with the removal of all diseased tubers. Planting is carried out with a density of 50-55 thousand bushes per hectare by the KSM-4 potato planter in the ridges to a depth of 14-17 cm from the top of the ridge. This depth is necessary for the optimal ratio with the location of loose moist soil in the ridge and subsequent processing. Reducing the depth leads to damage to the sprouts during cultivation, picking uterine tubers. An increase in depth makes it difficult to clean. In 10-12 days after planting, as weeds appear in the “white thread” phase, continuous mechanical loosening of the field surface is carried out by moving the soil to the bottom of the furrow, and after emergence, interrow cultivating is carried out by cultivator by gradually growing ridges. The treatments are carried out until the rows are closed with the height of the ridges adjusted to 22-24 cm. Before harvesting, to facilitate the work of harvesting machines and to accelerate the maturation of tubers, the tops are removed with a top picker.

 Using the method of cultivation of potatoes in comparison with existing ones ensures the accumulation of high yields, improves the quality of tubers due to optimal doses of fertilizers, mechanical tillage and environmentally friendly methods.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD FOR POTATO CULTIVATION, including autumn plowing of organic and mineral fertilizers, spring harrowing, non-mold plowing, formation of ridges with simultaneous placement of fertilizers in ridges and planting tubers in ridges, characterized in that phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers are applied in autumn and nitrogen in spring during the formation of ridges, and landing in the ridges is carried out by tubers warmed up with pecking eyes to a depth of 14 17 cm from the top of the ridge, the soil is completely loosened until the bot is closed you do inter-row treatments until the crests are 22-24 cm high.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the planting is carried out by tubers of the Tsukanovsky variety with a planting density of 50 thousand bushes per 1 ha, continuous loosening of the soil is carried out 10 12 days after planting by moving the soil to the bottom of the furrow, and inter-row cultivation begins after seedlings of potatoes by gradually growing ridges.