SU1710754A1 - Method of opencast reconstruction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open-pit mining of mineral deposits. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of stripping work by reducing; the volume of rocks taken out at a higher safety research institute for mining operations in the lower horizons. Quarry mining is carried out to the boundary contour in depth stages with the formation of an intermediate bottom, redemption of the board with the formation of a safety berm, and formation of congresses on overburden dumped into the working space. After reaching the bottom of the quarry, the depth determined by the formula forms an exit to the specified depth on the quenched board of the quarry. Then, a pillar is formed in the massif below the pit bottom by conducting along the project contour of the rear sight pillar to the intermediate bottom, and the formation of the bead by means of conducting a safety berm is performed below the specified depth. Dumping the overburden between the wholly and retired board. After connecting the congresses, the congress is completely cut to the rear pillar to the bottom of the open pit. Then the rear sill is worked. 1CF, 7 ill. (LS

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open cast mining of mineral deposits.

There is a method of reconstruction of quarries, which includes mining on the quenched board with its height divided into working areas and transportation of the rock mass by dump trucks.

The disadvantage of this method is the excessive volume of overburden operations caused by placing transport verts along the entire height of the reconstructed side.

The closest to the proposed method is the pit reconstruction method, which includes the pit mining to the project contour in depth, the formation of an intermediate bottom.  317 redemption of the board with the formation of a safety berm, holding the congress, dumping overburden to the bottom of the worked-out space, mining the dumped rocks of the congress before connecting it to the congress aboard, working out and transporting the mineral.  The disadvantage of this method is the availability of significant costs for stripping work, due to the need to excavate excess volumes of rocks as well as higher cost of work associated with placing the congress on the pit wall before the blasted rocks in the last depth stage of works.  This amount of work is directly dependent on the depth of the assembly on the sides, which in the known method is significant and the possibilities of reducing it are not fully realized.  In addition, it is difficult to ensure the safety of mining operations in the lower horizons of the quarry under the reconstructed flanks. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of stripping work by reducing the volume of excavated rocks while improving the safety of mining operations in the lower horizons.  M   .   :.   .  -: The goal is achieved by the fact that, according to the method of reconstruction of quarries, which includes quarrying to the project contour in depth, the formation of intermediate bottom | redemption of the board with the formation of a safety berm, carrying out of the congress, dumping of overburden to the bottom in the worked space, tune-up on the dumped rocks of the congress before connecting it with the congress aboard, working out and transporting the mineral, after reaching the bottom of the quarry, which is determined by dependence ( -x-g- a h p where G is the depth of the bottom of the pit, m; H (1 depth of the intermediate bottom of the pit, m;.  W - the width of the intermediate bottom of the pit, m; X is the width at the intermediate day of the first-pit open pit between the entirely redeemable side, m; х „is the width of the slip {weft bottom of the second mine between the whole and redeemable side, m; Shd - width of the motor transport platform, m; the resulting angle of the first slope of the pillar, located at the bottom of the pit, hail. , O (t2 is the resulting angle of the second slope of the rear sight, located at the bottom of the pit, hail. , on the quenched board of the quarry, the congress is formed to the specified depth, and then the pillar is formed in the massif below the pit bottom by holding the entire pillar of the congress to the intermediate ground, and the bead is formed by conducting a safety berm below the specified depth, after which the overburden bedding between the entire and canceled side, and after connecting the congresses, the final congress cutting is carried out along the entire sill to the final pit bottom, while w berm extend to a height of the bead defined by the expression. i - b2 3H; i ;, where H is the redemption height of the bead, m; , A. 3J is the difference in the starting point of the congress on the pillar in the i-th section, m; i- is the slope of the exit on the i-th section, L; 3ts. - laying the bulk, i-ro Site, exit, m, and then work out the pillar breed.  The proposed method differs from the previously known sequence of operations, the direction of mining and the parameters characterizing the method, presented in the form of mathematical expressions.  These signs are absent in the known solutions and provide a positive effect - the achievement of the objective of the invention.  The proposed method has properties that do not coincide with the properties of the distinctive features of the known solutions.  FIG.  1 shows a pit with an intermediate bottom, a plan view; in fig.  2 - the same after building up the congress; in fig.  3 quarry at the end of I processing, plan view; in fig. 4 517 section A-A in FIG.  one; in fig.  5 scheme of the rear sight at the bottom of the pit for the derivation of formulas, plan view; in fig. 6 is a section BB in FIG.  five; in fig.  7 cross-section of the rear sight for the derivation of formulas.  The method is carried out as follows.  Work on the reconstruction of the quarry with the formation on the quenched board 1 2, for example, with a loop shape of the route over the deepest bodies of minerals 3 (Fig.  4), performed in depth steps and Begin using the existing congress, which is used to work out a layer of rock that has been degraded during the long life of the bead and update the slopes, deconstructing them in undopened rocks for a relatively short period of time, which reduces deformations and improves the conditions The safety of work in the quarry Congress "serves to capture the volume of deformations of 5 slopes, which eliminates the danger associated with their cleaning and saves 6 overburden between the existing 7 and the required 8 differences in order to eliminate the deformations by the outlines of the quenched pit board (Fig.  4), and is used for these purposes to the horizon of the upper transport platform 9, the target 10 located at the bottom of the quarry.  The depth of the bottom of the pit is determined by dependence, as studied in the following way.  According to FIG.  5 and 6, the minimum width of the base of the rear sight 10 is expressed) where Ulq is the width of the motor transport platform, m; Нц - the height of the transport part of the complex 10 located at the intermediate bottom of the 11th open pit, m; (Yc, respectively, the resulting angles of the first and second slopes of the rear sight, degrees, depending on the number of serpentine and, accordingly, the length of the side.  surfaces of the rear sight / M i: i:: rl where 3j is the inception of the i-ro section, yes, m; angle otKoca ledge on the i-th section, hail. , BT-- width of the transport berm on the i-M site m.  , On the other hand, h (3) where Shl is the width of the pit bottom in the section under consideration, m; X.  and X.  - respectively, the width of the intermediate bottom of the first and second open pit openings between the entirely and redeemable open pit sides in the section under consideration, m  From (1) and (3) we get -n, (k) 4 ctgO / + ctgO w In the formula (3), in case of separation of the rear pillar 10 by two workings along the canceled edges, x and x have the values of the corresponding width of workings, in the case of one development, xj or x, respectively, is taken to be equal to zero, and the angle of repose of the rear sight adjacent to the board is 180-, where ft is the angle of inclination of the edge at the upper half of the rear sight, degree; in the case of lack of workings, in the absence of the upper transport platform 9.  Depth (d) of the pit bottom, a part of which is a transport platform 9, will be expressed as HH -Nc, (5) where Hj, is the depth of the intermediate bottom of the 11th pit, c, or including C) () (For example, (FIG.  1m; m; m; (Chi "45 °; m;" 2 2b5s20-25; 2d.   H 320-100 220 m.  After reaching the depth of the bottom of the pit, which is determined by dependence (6), on the extinguished board 1.  The career takes place forming exit 2 of the indicated depth in section ab.  Then they form in the massif below the bottom of the rim (below the transport platform |) of the rear sight 10 by means of 7lyi along the design contour of the rear sight 10 of the exit 2 on the section be to the intermediate bottom 11.  Thus, without changing the beginning and the end of congress 2, while maintaining its total length and slope, reduce the length and difference between the hundredth marks of the beginning and the end of its part ab on the blanked board 1 due to cutting it MactK be on the transport pillar 10, t. e.  in comparison with contour 12, which corresponds to the arrangement of the congress on board, congress 2, are cut in the board closer to the worked out space, with part of the congress carried out on the temporary rear sight 10, and thereby bring the project side contour to sustainable and economical.  board 13 overburden volumes (FIG.  k).  Calculated by the formula (6), the value of G is a necessary condition for performing the method, since when G is less than the calculated one, it is formed once; a breakthrough of the congress: its part ab on the extinguished board will not be connected to the part on the pillars of the rocks and performance of work below level b seems possible.  With больше more than calculated, the implementation of the method is possible, but non-circular, since this results in excessive amounts of overburden on board.  When forming part ab of congress 2 between redeemable side 1 and congress 2, the 1L mine workings 15 are worked out and congress 2 is moved beyond the openings 15 to the main de berm (fig, k) in the direction of the open pit mine.  The arrangement of exit 2 on berme de, compared with the conventional arrangement on berm fg, allows to leave in the board 1 volumes of rock above production 15 between the building contour (Fig.  4) and the inevitable contour by known methods 16.  Along with this, the removal of exit 2 to the berm de ensures that all pillars 17 and 18 are left without working on the extinguished board 1, and the digging 15 is used to fill the cake in them.  This ensures shortening of the transportation distance of rocks and thus reduces the cost of stripping work. At the same time, the mines 15 (filled with destroyed rocks or without them are used to improve the working safety conditions as follows: to trap the deforming masses of the 5 overlying slopes to strengthen the overlying slopes with rock counterforts, to reduce the slope of the road by moving it from the position de to the dumped ground gd (Fig.  ) “, To create, after dumping the rocks, an additional ground for warming up and maneuvering machines.  The increase in part be of exit 2 on the rear sight 10, which is necessary to reduce the length of part ab on redeemable board 1, provides an increase in the length and area of slopes 19 (FIG.  5 and 6) the side surface of the rear sight 10 to the size of the points b and c corresponding to the height difference with a given slope of part be of exit 2.  For this purpose, the rear sight 10 is formed outside the redeemable bead 1 at an angle S to it of the longitudinal axis 20 of the rear sight 10 (FIG. О Such an arrangement of the pillar 10 allows spatially to divide and combine the works on redeemable board 1 and pillar 10 in time, which improves the safety conditions and economic indicators of the works.  Target 10 is separated by mining the rock mass between: it and redeemable boards in the process.  forming part be congress 2 in such a way that between congress 2 and redeemable boards, minerals 3 are worked out, and the formation of each quenched board by means of an inclined safety berm or horizontal ber 21 is produced below the specified depth defined by the formula (6).  .  After mining minerals 3 between the pit and the entire 10 sides and cutting on the rear pillar 10 of exit 2 to the intermediate bottom of the 11th open pit, in one or several areas where the minerals below the intermediate bottom 11 are not fired, overburden is dumped between the whole 10 and the extinguished overflow to the bottom of the worked-out space with detuning on the dumped rocks of the congress and thereby increase exit 2 on the rear sight 10, extend it to the st and OP sections by attaching at the point S the beginning of the inclined bulk part (insert) rm to serpentine be 2 congress section.  The end of the bulk part of the exit at point P is attached to the target-.  ku at a level below the altitude of the existing branch of Congress 2.  Therefore, after connecting the congresses, starting from the lower branch of the connective serpentine (from point P), at the pfc section of congress 2, a round cutting of the congress 2 is carried out along the rear pillar with a decrease in its elevations along the route to the final bottom of the 22 pit.  Moreover, they work out the rock mass between the design contour of the quarry and the whole 10 with the maturity of the sides without transport berms, with the formation of inclined or horizontal safety berms 21, while the safety berm (or berms) is extended to the height of the side defined by the expression / obtained as follows : By increasing the lateral surface of the high-end pillar, it is increased (and the depth of the on-board congress is reduced) by the value V2. &3ivi;, (7) -.  .  ,   ,; / where h is the excess of the congress depth on the redeemable board using temporary targets along the board using known methods over the depth of arrival on board according to the proposed method, m; AZ is the difference of the pitch (projection,. .  sloping, ramping branches To the grizontagNuyu plane) part of the congress on the rear sight line according to the proposed and known methods with the same Slopes on the i-site, m; one; - Congress bias At i-th site | C, l, Algebraic sum of pledges by the formula (7) gives an increase in the heights of the slopes on the rear pillar 10 and thus, due to the proposed method, increase the total height of the rear pillar 10 and reduce the height of the section of the exit 2 on the redeemable board 1 and thereby reduce the stripping volumes by board 1.  For example, as shown in; FIG.  1 and 2, with the slopes of the first vetvi serpentines on the pillar 0.07%, the second, 0.08%, the third 0.1 and their lengths in terms of, respectively, the usual and proposed methods 115 and 310 m, 160 and 15 m, 200 and 250 m, hp by the formula (1) will be hr (310-11. 5) 0, -07 + + (tH5-l60) xO, 08-i- (250-200) 0.1; 1 l 39.15 m  Thus, the value of h, is one of the conditions for achieving the purpose of the invention, since a reduction in the depth of cutting on board reduces the amount of work and costs.  At the same time, the pit sides to the height of the rear pillar 10 are redeemed without transport berms, with the formation of only safety berms 21 between the slopes of the double structured benches.  The elevations along the route of the exit 2 decrease the Na-value (N) and thereby deepen the quarry to the T-loop (H) (Fig.  7), provided by the extension of congress 2 on the section be dumping rocks along the highway stop hp Y I.  where 3, is the inception (projection onto a horizontal plane) of the bulk i-ro section of the exit, m. For example, in FIG.  2 through (8) "- 4-t4-f opi". .  90 p.  4t or, respectively, the length where 1 segments st and OR of the bulk part of the exit on the plan (Fig. 2), corresponding to the plots laid out in plots, m.   As shown in FIG.  2, due to the filling in the first branch of the serpentines of the extension insert of the arrival, the length of the ia plan (laying) with 150 times the extension of the foundation of the second branch of the serpentines on the rear sight 85 m, the pit deepening is I V -.  .  H ,. : l50itO, 07 + 85xO ,, 3 m.   / 04 Equation (o) is a condition for performing the proposed method,.  since, without embedding the bulk part of the congress 2, the achievement of the final contour 22 while ensuring the proposed design contours of the redeemable side 1 is impossible; the deepening without wedging the bulk exit necessitates the lowering of the rear sight 10 to the final bottom 22 with a lowering of the upper transport platform 9 by, the value (Well. ) and, accordingly, increase the depth of placement of congress 2 on board 1 (g) by the value of (Ni), which in turn will lead to mining of rocks between the proposed and the usual (12) limit contours.  In general, the depth of exit 2 on the redeemed board according to the proposed alignment coQy is reduced, as follows from form (7) and (8), by the value Zi3; -i; + 2l3H; i (Yu) Ut i 1 corresponding to the height of the side, the design contour of which with a pre-berth berm, in the examples considered, the components are 33.15 + 17.3 56, ii5 m.  In the presence of mineral 3 at the level of the platform 9, it is worked out when forming the pillar 10 and dumping rocks to restore the platform 9 and the exit 2 on it.  After the formation of exit 2 to the bottom of the pit 22, the pit between it and the intermediate bottom 11 begins to work rocks and minerals with dumping of waste rocks to the bottom of the open space, and then work the rocks of the pillar, reinforcing the board with the buttress and reducing the transportation distance of rocks and thereby increase the stability of the slopes of ledges and sides and safety of work, as well as reduce the cost of stripping.  In the course of these works, along the bottom perimeter from the retired sides to the height of the rear sight 10, the new congress 23 is poured by rocks out of the rear sight 10 (FIG.  3), the bottom 22 of the open pit is connected to the whole 10 temporary bulk ramps adjoining outside this part of the ramp 2, which is located in the mining zone on the rear sight 10 and thus again reshape the exit on the rear sight 10.  After dumping, exit 23 out of the pillar 10, it’s minerals 3.  Thus, during the completion of a quarry, mining works are carried out in directions that ensure the remaining 2 parts of the pillar 10 rocks at the bottom 22 of the quarry, without refining them, and if necessary, the isthmus and the transport platform 9 connecting the separated pillar 10 with quenched board pit (FIG.  3).  The depth of forming congress 2 on the redeemable board 1 calculated by the formula (6) (1) takes into account the value (14) calculated by the formula (10), and according to the scheme (Fig.  7) the amount of overburden saved on the redeemed board 1 lies between the design contours kin and muvn.  The advantages of the proposed method are in reducing the volume of overburden operations, in shortening the distance of rock transportation; in enhancing the safety of work by spatially separating work performed at a safe distance from each other on board and at the bottom of the quarry, creating additional capacity to trap deforming masses, expanding safety pads, reducing the slopes of the sections of the congress, shortening the service life of filled slopes, as a result, the softening and relaxation of the rocks are reduced, thereby increasing the stability of the slopes.  claim 1.  A method for reconstructing quarries, including quarrying to the design contour in depth stages, forming the intermediate bottom, redeeming the board with the formation of a safety berm, holding the congress, filling the overburden to the bottom of the worked-out space, adjusting the dumped rocks to the board before connecting it to the congress on board, working out and transportation of minerals, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost of stripping work by reducing the volume of excavated rock while increasing safety clarity mining at the lower levels, after reaching the bottom of the quarry depth, which is determined dependent - (-tg0 4fctg6 / 4 / T wherein - the depth of the bottom of the quarry, m; Hfl - depth of the intermediate bottom career, m; W.  - width of the intermediate bottom of the pit, m; X is the width at the intermediate bottom of the first-pit open pit between the wholly redeemable side, m; X. , - width across the intermediate bottom of the second open pit between the wholly redeemable side, m; luQ - width of the motor transport platform, m;

TG

the resulting angle of the first slope of the pillar, located at the bottom of the pit, hail; and 2. the resulting angle of the second slope of the pillar, located at the bottom of the pit, hail, on the extinguished board of the pit, forms a congress formation to the specified depth, and then pillars in the array below the pit bottom by means of conducting along the design contour of the pillar of the congress to the intermediate bottom, and the protection of the berm is carried out below the indicated depth, after which the dumping is performed. All breeds between the whole and canceled side, and after connecting

the final cutting of the exit of the pillar is made to the final bottom of the quarry, and then the pillar breeds are worked out.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the safety berm passes to the height of the side defined by the expression

) P- “eP

n.2lz; .1; +21cnl ;,

. 1 7 l -

redemption height, m; congress difference

not on the i-th plot, m; bias of the congress on the i-th section,;

inception of the bulk i-ro section of the exit, m

L

ff

.l

20

22

.2

22

ig.Z

csj

CM .S

P

ig.7

Bv h "liM TH / g. 5

Claims (3)

Claim I. A method for reconstructing quarries, including working out the quarry to the design contour in stages in depth, forming an intermediate bottom, repaying the side with the formation of a safety berm, conducting a ramp, dumping overburden to the bottom of the worked out space, detuning on the dumped rocks of the ramp before connecting it to the ramp onboard mining and transportation of minerals, characterized in that, in order to reduce the cost of stripping work by reducing the volume of excavated rocks while increasing safety mining operations on the lower horizons, after reaching the bottom of the quarry depth, which is determined by the dependence _{r = n} ^p r-tg ^ + ctg ^ / 'where G - bottom depth of the quarry, m; - depth of the intermediate bottom of the quarry, m; - width of the intermediate bottom of the quarry, m; X <- width along the intermediate bottom of the quarry of the first production between the whole and redeemable side, m; Xg “width along the intermediate bottom of the quarry of the second mine between the whole and the redeemable bead, m; Iuq - width of the road site, m; - the resulting angle of the first slope of the pillar located at the bottom of the quarry, deg; the resulting angle of the second slope of the pillar located at the bottom of the quarry, deg, on the quenched side of the quarry, an exit is formed to the specified depth, and then they are formed in the array 'below the bottom of the quarry by moving the exit along the project contour to the intermediate bottom, and the formation of the side by safety berm is produced below the specified depth, after which they are filled. Overburden between the whole and the quenched side, and after connecting the ramps, the final sez by cutting and end entirely before the quarry floor, and then work out the rock pillar. 2. The method according to p. 1, with the fact that the safety berm pass to the height of the side, determined by the expression 1 = P H <SA3;-i; + 52z _N ; ·!;, 1 = 1 1 = 1 where N is the board redemption height, m; Δ3; - the difference of the congress on the pillar at the i-th section, m; i> is the slope of the exit at the i-th section,%; 3 ^ · - laying of the bulk i-ro section of the congress, m. Figure 2 Fig a 17Y75 ¹ " B ~ & ω ₀ 6