RU2534297C1 - Method of making steep trench - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises making a steep trench using a wheel loader and motor transport, capable to climb steep slopes. Making the trench is carried out in several stages, dividing the steep trench to steeply inclined-horizontal layers with height calculated by taking into account the motion trajectory of the loader bucket, which are mined successively downward. When mining each successive layer the rock mass is preliminary loosened, the loader carries out its withdrawal, delivery and unloading to the motor transport placed at horizontal areas as close as possible to the forehead.

EFFECT: improving efficiency of mining.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to open the deep horizons of the quarry.

There is a method of forming an inclined transport trench along a blasted rock mass with a mechanical shovel with lower loading in dump trucks (B.C. Khokhryakov. Open cast mining of mineral deposits. - M .: Nedra, 1991, p. 37).

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of using excavators when driving steep trenches, since the technical specifications for single bucket crawler excavators allow the excavation to deviate the working platform at a maximum angle of 3 °, and the longitudinal gradient of steeply inclined ramps is from 12 ° to 15 °.

There is also a method of carrying out a steep trench, opening a horizon with a limited area for dump trucks capable of overcoming a steep slope (Patent 2376471 of the Russian Federation, IPC E21C 41/26 Method of holding a steep trench // decl. 30.04.2008, publ. 20.12.2009, Bull. No. 35).

The method includes conducting a temporary trench at an angle of 5-6 ° to the opening horizon from the overlying horizon along the loosened rock mass. At the end of this trench, a horizontal platform is formed, which is expanded, triggering the rock mass at first under part of the base of the temporary trench, and form part of the base of the steep trench along its width. In this case, the rock mass is transported along the remaining part of the base of the temporary trench. Then the rock mass is activated under the remaining part of the base of the temporary trench and another part of the base of the steep trench is formed along its width, transporting the rock mass along the already formed part of the base of the steep trench.

However, this method cannot be used when carrying out a steep trench, opening a horizon with a limited area, for dump trucks that can overcome a slope of 12-15 °, since it requires large additional volumes of work and free space associated with preliminary construction and placement of a temporary trench with a slope of 3 °, as well as increased transportation distances of the rock mass during the temporary and then steep trenches. The application of this method is limited to the width of the quarry bottom of at least 100-120 m.

A known method of forming a steeply inclined congress (Patent 2425220 of the Russian Federation, IPC E21C 41/26 Method of forming a steeply inclined congress / claimed. 02.10.2010, published on 07.27.2011, Bull. No. 21).

The method includes blasting an array of rocks, sinking a temporary inclined trench of increased width with a horizontal platform at its base, mining blasted rock mass with wedge-shaped openings, starting from the bottom, using an excavator, in one half of the inclined trench from the side of the worked out space. In the second half of the trench, the rock mass is transported to the surface, the upper entry is worked out with a bulldozer, the rock is transported to the bottom of the lower entry, and a section of the steeply inclined exit is formed. They work out the second half of the inclined trench in the same way, transporting the rock mass along the already formed section of the steeply inclined congress, reduce the width of the sections of the congress to the design one and form a downhill slope of the steeply inclined congress at the design elevations.

The disadvantage of this method is that it can be used with a wide ledge height of 15 m only with a horizon length of at least 200-250 m.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of field development by conducting a steep trench, opening a horizon with a limited area, with a minimum amount of work for dump trucks capable of overcoming a steep slope, with a complete extraction of minerals in the quarry without additional separation of the sides and transportation of rock from the trench to surface.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the steep trench for vehicles capable of overcoming steep slopes is carried out using a wheel loader in several stages, dividing the steep trench into steeply horizontal layers, with a height determined taking into account the trajectory of the loader bucket, which work out sequentially from above down, during the development of each successive layer, the rock mass is first loosened, the loader extracts it, delivers and unloads it in road transport, avlivaemy to as close as possible to the bottom of the horizontal platforms.

The specified set of essential features of the proposed method will reduce the amount of work and time spent on a steep trench, reduce the number of occupied equipment, reduce the distance of transportation of rock mass taken out during a steep trench, reduce the size of the bottom and increase the depth of the quarry without additional separation of the sides.

The method is illustrated graphically, in which Fig. 1 shows the beginning of a steep trench, which consists in working out the loosened rock mass of the steeply inclined part of the upper steeply inclined-horizontal layer using a wheel loader with overloading into vehicles, located on the nearest horizontal platform outside the trench being formed. Figure 2 shows the position when the loader dispatched volumes of the steeply inclined part of the upper layer and moved along its horizontal part to a distance, which makes it possible to drive vehicles for loading directly onto the horizontal platform of the upper horizontal layer.

The method is as follows.

Carrying out a steep trench is carried out using a wheel loader 1 and road transport 2 (figure 1). For this, the steep trench 3 is divided into steeply horizontal layers 4, at the entrance having steeply inclined sections 5, the bases of which are the surface of the steep trench being formed. The layer height is taken taking into account the trajectory of the loader bucket. The layers are worked out from top to bottom with preliminary loosening of the next layer being worked out. At the beginning of the mining of each layer, when the loader is working on a slope, road transport is located on the nearest horizontal platform 6, located outside the steep trench being formed. After working out the steeply inclined part of the layer, when the loader, working out its horizontal part, created behind itself a horizontal platform 7, sufficient to accommodate motor vehicles (Fig. 2), the latter is put under loading already at this site. Similarly, work out all the other layers. When mining steeply inclined sections of steeply horizontal layers, automobile transport is put under loading outside the steep trench being formed, and when a horizontal section of sufficient length appears in the next mining layer, automobile transport is placed for loading closer to the loader. The rock mass from the trench is transported to the surface.

Using the proposed method allows you to create a steep trench, revealing a horizon with a limited area for dump trucks that can overcome a steep slope, for example, with an articulated frame, with a full excavation of minerals in the quarry without additional separation of the sides and transporting the rock mass from the trench to the surface.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2376471.

2. RF patent No. 2425220.

3. Khokhryakov B.C. Open pit mining. - M .: Nedra, 1991, p. 37 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method for carrying out a steep trench for vehicles capable of overcoming steep slopes, characterized in that the trench is carried out using a wheel loader in several stages, dividing the steep trench into steeply horizontal layers with a height determined taking into account the trajectory of the loader bucket, which work out sequentially from above down, during the development of each successive layer, the rock mass is first loosened, the loader takes it out, delivers it and unloads it in a truck sport-mounted as close to the bottom of the horizontal platforms.

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