SU1517907A1 - Feed additive for early weaned pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to fodder production and can be used in feeding pigs. The purpose of the invention is to increase body weight gain and increase body resistance of pigs. A method for feeding pigs of early volume includes introducing calcium-supplemented calcium into the basic ration as a calcium-containing supplement. When feeding calcium acid blockers, the bioavailability of calcium increases by 7.1%, uptake by 3.8% compared to the control, and the weight gain increases to 330-335 g / day. Inclusion in the diet of the proposed supplement for 41 days leads to increased skeletal mineralization contributes to the prevention of dyspepsia. 4 tab.

Description

This invention relates to feed production and can be used in piglet feeding.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the body weight gain and increase the resistance of the organism to piglets.

The proposed method of feeding the pigs includes introducing into the basic ration of calcium a block acid (calcium malate) formula. Calcium malate is a white amorphous powder, contains 21.1% calcium, is highly soluble in water and almost completely (by 95) in 0.35% hydrochloric acid (HC1 concentration in the gastric juice of pigs). The pH of the aqueous solution of the salt is 7.5, and the buffer capacity is 5.12 M HC1 / KG. Malic acid calcium has the following structural formula:

sd

g

Example 1. The effectiveness of the use of calcium malate as a feed additive was confirmed in experiments on large white breeds. Animals receive rations consisting of corn, barley, soybean meal, peas, grass meal, starch, caseinate, yeast, fat, min. 31

A mixture of vitamin premix in which the content of nutrient, mineral and biologically active substances corresponds to the existing standards for feeding young pigs. The first experiment studies the biological availability of calcium, absorption and use in the body. Animals of 4.5-5-7 months of age are divided into 22 groups of 3 heads each. Group I receives a diet without calcium supplements, in which the element content is 1, 16 g / 1 kg of air-dry BeL iecTBa feed. Group II receives the standard salicy compound - reactive purity calcium carbonate as the most common supplement of this element. Calcium is introduced into the diet of piglets of group III. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed additive, the biological acceptability (BD) of calcium is studied from various sources: from inorganic salts (phosphates, sulfates), organic compounds (succinate, lactate, acetate, tartrate, citrate), feed additives (fish meal, lime, bone meal, m co-bone, bone ash). All compounds are introduced into the ration at the rate of (g calcium per 1 kg of feed). The particle size of all the tested additives is the same ((00-630). In separate experiments on piglets (—mothal age, endogenous calcium loss is studied) using the radioisotope isotope iS., in order to determine the true calcium absorption from the tested supplements.

The main results of the first experiment are shown in Table. one .

From tab. 1, it follows that the highest PB for young pigs has calcium acid blockade. The effectiveness of using calcium from malate is 11.6% higher than that of standard

CACOj additives (P 0.05), with the true assimilation of the element

exceeds B7%.

 EXAMPLE 2 To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed additive, a second experiment was carried out on early weaning pigs (apart from queens at the age of 30 days). The piglets are divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each. The experience continues (I day, I group receives the basic diet without additives

ten

15

20

25

179074

calcium (OR), the content of which is 2 g / 1 kg of air-dry substance of the feed. Group II receives PR + blocky calcium; Group III - PR + calcium sulphate (base object), Group IV and V - RR + + feed calcium phosphate in quantities of 1 and 2, respectively (as one of the most common additions of Ca and p), in animals of groups II, III and IV salts are added at the rate of 4 g of calcium per 1 kg of feed with a ratio of Ca: P as 1: 1 (6 t Ca and 6 g P taking into account their content in the RR, i.e. at the level of the minimum requirement). Group V receives recommended (optimal) levels of Ca and P - 10.0 and 8.1 g / 1 kg of feed. At the end of the experiment, animals are slaughtered with 3 heads in each group. At the beginning of the experience, 4 heads were also killed. In general, op | Anisme pigments determine the content of calcium and phosphorus. Mechanical characteristics of the bones are studied on a tensile testing machine P-0.5. For the whole experiment, pigs consume the same amount of feed - 0.75 kg per head per day. Under these conditions of feeding, the growth rate of animals, except for group I, is approximately the same in all groups (Table 2). ,

There is a slight tendency to increase weight gain when calcium and 2% malate are included in the diet. Phosphate. For 7-8 days after weaning, piglets of groups III, IV, V show signs of indigestion (dispersion), which are especially pronounced in III and V groups. In group III, all piglets fell ill, 2 heads fell. In group IV, 70 patients fell ill, 1 head fell. In V group, all animals fell ill, 3 heads fell. In the group 45 who received malate sa, the disease did not. Succinate and calcium phosphate poorly soluble in water, their solutions are highly alkaline and highly This buffer capacity (12.2 M HC1 / 1 kg) leads to acid binding in the stomach and impaired digestion. 16-18 days after the start of the experiment, the activity of the digestive tract in all animals normalizes. These results show that for for early weaning, the inclusion of calcium malate in the rations is more appropriate than the addition of succinate or phosphate.

thirty

35

40

50

 , .15 Over 98 calcium and 80% of the phosphorus of the organism are cholled, the proportion of bone tissue, in connection with which the data of the table. 3, the degree of mineralization of the skeleton is also characterized, since these elements are the main components of the bone mineral phase.

Calcium and phosphorus were 1.8–3.1 times less and 1.8–2.2 times less than the inclusion of the studied salts on the diet without calcium supplements in the body. The enrichment of the diet with calcium malate contributes to a significant and significant increase in Ca and P in the body / pigs compared with succinate and phosphate (1%), with an equal content of these elements in the rations of groups II, III and IV. Upon delivery of calcium malate, the amount of Ca and P deposition in the body approaches that of animals of the V group, receiving significantly more feed with these elements.

The amount of Ca and P deposition in the body is reflected in the wall thickness of the strength of various bones (Table A).

76

When calcium is added to the ration of calcium intake, the thickness of the wall of the femoral, soft bone increases by 11.2 and 13.9%; fracture strength by 13.0 and 20.9, and the bending limit of these bones is higher by 25.1 and 0%, respectively, compared with calcium succinate. Calcium malate is having on

mineralization and mechanical parameters of bones is almost the same effect as the inclusion in the diet of 2% phosphate, i.e. as an additional introduction of 4 g of Ca and 2 g of P / 1 kg of feed. Time-,

The gap between the II and V groups in all cases is insufficient. Therefore, the proposed feed additive increases the efficiency of calcium absorption, the degree of skeletal mineralization and so on,

bone bone .-

Formula

inventions

The use of calcium acid blocking 25 8 as a feed additive for piglets of early weaning.

0.05 compared with CaCOj ,,

a b and c a j

 15179П7в

Growth intensity is overpowered and feed utilization efficiency with a different source of calcium in the diet.

Tabli

Calcium and phosphorus phosphorus in the whole body are grown for experienced periol with a different source of calcium in the diet.

25 I T a b l and c a 3

, 8 + 13, "

117.7 ± 6.2P

35.5 ± f, 9 75.6 + 5.6

B9, 3 62.0+, 3 75.2t10.3 63.2 ± 8, i 79.6 + 5.8

Diet without

Ca additives

Malate

Succinate

Phosphate (%)

Phosphate (2) 1 ,, 57

P 0.05 compared with malate Ca.

Mechanical parameters of bones of 72-day-old piglets in connection with the level and source of calcium in the diet

Spreadsheets

but

2.29 + 0.06 600 + 69

2.87 ± 0.131193 ± 8

2.58 + 0.07 105b + +2 2, i47 ± 0.17 8 43 + l8

2.99 + 0.1 1291 + 102

Fourth quarter bone

I, without additives Sa

II, malate

0.97 + 0.03 1.31 + 0.09

, 8 + 13, "

117.7 ± 6.2P

B9, 3 75,2t10,3

,, 57

116 + 20.5 289 + 27.9 231 + 3.7, 6 307 + 30.3

290 + 7.3 480 + 17

17.2 ± 1.6 37.7 + 3.3

 The difference is statically lostovechna compared with group II (P 0.05).

1517907

10 Continued table. k

Claims (1)

Claim The use of calcium malate 25 as a feed additive for piglets of early weaning. Table! Sources of Calcium Postponed in the body, from the studied source, g / day DB,%, CaCod True assimilation Calcium carbonate, CaCO ^ t 5.07 ± 0.17 100 81, 0 Malic Acid, 1-Aqueous 5.66 + 0.09 * 111.6 87.3 Monocalcium phosphate, 1-aqueous 5.35 ± 0.19 105.5 84.0 Succinic acid 5.30 + 0.14 104.5 83.5 Lactic acid, 5-water 5.23 + 0.21 103,2 82.6 Sulfate, 2-water 5.20 + 0.18 102.6 82.6 Acetic Acid, 1-Aqueous 5.20 + 0.21 102.6 82.3 Dicalcium phosphate, 2-aqueous 5.19 + 0.06 102,4 82.3 Feed fish meal 5.17 + 0.09 102.0 81.9 Tartrate, 4-water 5.10 + 0.30 100.0 81, 6 Tricalcium phosphate 5.0410.16 99,4 80.7 Lime flour 5.03 ± 0.18 99,2 80.6 Feed bone meal 5.02 + 0.19 99.0 80.6 Bone ash 5.01 ± 0.13 98.8 80.2 Sulfate 4.98 + 0.11 98.2 81, 1 Feed phosphate 4.93 + 0.10 97.2 79,4 Citric Acid, 4-Aq 4.84 + 0.31 95.5 79.0 Meat and bone meal 4.64 + 0.12 * 91, 5 76.7 Gipophosphite 4.59 + 0.15 * 90.5 76.2 MetaAosphate 4.56 + 0.04 * 89.9 75.6 PiroAosAat 4.07 + 0.12 * 80.3 70.7 P with 0.05 compared with CaCOj. ¹ 1517907 8 Piglet growth rate and feed efficiency with a different source of calcium in the diet Table 2 Calcium supplement studied Live weight kg Growth, body weight, g / day Feed consumption per 1 kg of increase, kg at the beginning of the experiment at the end of the experiment Diet without V Ca additives 7.86 ± 0.58 18.2110.7 * "* 252 + 27 * 2.98 Malat 7.91 + 0.44 20.83 + 1.21 315 + 17 2,38 Succinate 7.92 ± 0.38 20.15 + 1.26 298 + 32 2,52 Phosphate (P) 7.82 ± 0.51 19.50 + 0.86 285 + 49 2.63 Phosphate (2%) 7.89 + 0> 57 20.95 + 0.80 319 + 38 2,35 ---------------- _? --------------------- P \ Z. 0.05 compared with Ca malate. , Calcium and phosphorus detachment in the body of a piglet during the experimental period with a different source of calcium in the diet 25 I T I b and l 3 a Calcium supplement studied Calcium, g Phosphorus, g Diet without Ca additives * ♦ 0.8 + 13.0 * 35.5 ± 6.9 * Malat 117.7 + 6.20 75.6 + 5.6 Succinate 89, * "± 11.3 * 62.0 + 4.3 * Phosphate (1%) 75.2 + 10.5 * 63,218, * " Phosphate (2%) ι 124,915.57 79.6 + 5.8 * P <0.05 compared with malate Ca. Mechanical parameters of bones of piglets of 72 days of age in connection with the level and source of calcium in the diet Table*" Calcium groups and compounds Wall thickness mm Fracture strength, kg / cm ² Bending limit, kg / cm 1 2 3 I Femoral bone I, no Ca additives 2.29 + 0.06 * 600 + 69 * 116 + 20.5 * II, malate 2.8710.13 1193148 289 + 27.9 III, succinate 2.58 + 0.07 * 1056 + 42 * 231 + 3.7 * IV, phosphate (1%) 2.4710.17 * 843 + 18 * 184 ± 29.6 * V, phosphate (2%) 2.99 + 0.1 * " 1291 + 102 307 + 30.3 Fourth metacarpal bone I, no Ca additives 0.97 + 0.03 * . 290 + 7.3 * 17.2 + 1.6 * II, malate 1.31 + 0.09 480117 37.7 + 3.3 9 1517907 10 1 Continuation of the table. 4 1 H 3 4 III, succinate 1.15 + 0.12 * 39716.0 * 26,011.8 * IV, phosphate (1%) 1.02 + 0.07 * 344 ± 17 * 22.4 + 3.6 * V, phosphate (2%) 1.25 + 0.08 488 + 28 31.9 + 3.0 ^l The difference is statistically significant compared with group II (P 0.05).