SE536175C2 - Extraction doll and method of using the extraction doll - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an extraction doll (1) in the form of an anthropometric copy of a single person comprising a spine (3) which is preferably intended to be used for training and education of (rescue and / or medical) personnel. The extraction dock comprises a number of mechanical movement segments (4), comprising at least a first vertebral body (5) and a second vertebral body (6) with at least one intermediate structure (7). Unique with the extraction dock is the movement segments (4) comprise at least one first type of movement segment (8), which strives to mimic the natural movement and stability of the spine, and of at least a second type of movement segment (9) with which an instability in the spine can be simulated. The invention also relates to a procedure for training with the extraction doll. 13

Description

5 25 'In 75 Cl-2 and C5-6 in the neck) and at the transition between thoracic spine (Th) and lumbar spine (L) Th10-L2 (see Figure 1). The research carried out has also determined the extent of all directions of movement between all vertebrae in the spine. Furthermore, the extent of harmful and risky joint mobility has also been documented, ie. such mobility that risks leading to spinal cord exposure in the event of back instability.

Spinal cord injuries and spinal nerve injuries occur through direct or indirect pressure on the spinal cord or through wear and tear in various structures. Spinal cord injuries can also occur due to mechanical instability in the spine or caused by bleeding / swelling that causes pressure increase against the spinal cord. The instability of the spine is mainly due to fractures in the vertebrae of the spine. The instability of the spine can also be due to damage to the ligament and the disc (intervertebral disc).

To avoid aggravated neck injuries in connection with rescue work, people in ambulance care and rescue services try to fix the injured person's neck and spine very carefully with the intention that movements causing consequential injuries are avoided. The fixation of the neck takes place, for example, by the rescue personnel initially performing a manual fixation of the neck with the hands, which is later supplemented with a rigid collar that is applied to the injured person in the vehicle before he / she is taken out of the vehicle for transport to the emergency hospital for treatment. If the injured person is conscious and has no pain in the back and has normal sensation and mobility in the arms and legs, an exception can be made from this routine, otherwise the spinal stabilization routine described above is standard in rescue work.

In serious injury events and rescue situations, the time between the traumatic occurrence and arrival at the hospital is a critical factor for the patient's (the injured person's) chance of survival. As the injured may be unconscious when the rescue service arrives at the scene of the accident, great care must be taken when stabilizing the neck / spine at the same time as the rescue personnel must get the injured person out of the vehicle as quickly as possible. This is a difficult task because many factors can make rescue work more difficult. For example, darkness, cold, leakage of liquids, fire risk, the position of the vehicle (tilted to the side / roof) and the location of the vehicle, for example down in a ravine or in water, can make rescue work more difficult. Furthermore, the rescue service personnel may sometimes have to surface very heavy casualties in cramped spaces, which means that great demands and precision are required for the movement, without this causing the injured spine to move in undesired directions.

To reduce the risk of consequential injuries occurring in connection with rescue work, the personnel at the rescue services practice moving people with simulated injuries out of, for example, a vehicle. The “injured” gives feedback during and after the movement about how he / she experienced the stabilization of the spine. The problem with using a healthy person with simulated injuries is that a healthy person with difficulty can objectively determine whether the forces to which he / she is exposed affect the stability of the spine. There is currently no objective training tool that indicates whether the spine is kept stable or not during the movement. Therefore, it is unclear whether the current methods for moving people with spinal cord injuries are optimal, for example when moving (extrication) from, for example, vehicles.

Prior art Dolls that mimic mermaids which are intended for use in the training of rescue personnel are already known in a large number of variants. However, the dolls that are currently used by the rescue services, when training ambulance and rescue personnel, have the disadvantage that these do not include functions with which forces and movements acting on the simulated human spine can be measured. This is caused by the dolls lacking realistically built backbones and sensors that can sense the said forces. WO2006l10629 A1 describes a training doll for simulating orthopedic injuries / treatment, such as in the repair of dislocated peripheral joints, fractures and injuries to the spine. The training doll is connected to a computer that controls "artificial muscles" in the training doll. Furthermore, the doll is equipped with sensors, for sensing force and position, which are transmitted to and registered by a computer. With the doll, a fictitious joint damage can be simulated, whereby the treating doctor performs the steps that the treatment must contain on the doll. The training doll is connected to a computer that registers the treatment performed by the doctor and the equipment can perform a control X-ray to verify the treatment result.

However, the construction according to the patent specification WO2006l10629Al differs to a large extent from the training doll in accordance with the present patent application. For example, the doll is not intended to be used on the scene of the injury in the emergency phase, ie outside the hospital, but is intended to be used in a hospital by a doctor. The training doll according to the patent specification further does not comprise a mechanical construction which allows shear or angular movements between two functioning vertebrae in the spine, but the invention only aims to measure traction (longitudinal pull in the spine) in the spine. It is of the utmost importance to avoid large angular movements, rotation, compression and shear of the spine in acute injury events.

The training doll according to the patent specification is not suitable for use in the training of rescue personnel or because it cannot imitate these movements. Furthermore, the training dummy in accordance with the patent specification does not emit acoustic warning signals if the joints are exposed to forces that risk leading to dangerous instability.

Brief description of the objects of the present invention The main object of the present invention is to create an extraction doll for training of primarily ambulance, rescue and paramedical personnel which substantially improves the staff's ability to surface injured without consequential injuries to the patient. Other professional groups such as healthcare professionals who care for trauma patients can also use the extraction doll, for example military healthcare professionals. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of using an extraction doll in accordance with the present patent application.

Brief description of the figures referred to in the following paragraphs In the following detailed description of the present invention, reference and references to the following figures will be made. The respective figure is briefly described in the following list of figures. Note that the figures are schematic and that details can thus be left out in these. The embodiments exemplified in the figures are not limiting of the scope of protection of the present patent application.

Figure 1 schematically shows an exemplary extraction doll.

Figure 2 shows a mechanical movement segment included in the backbone of the doll, the movement properties of which substantially correspond to a normally undamaged movement segment in the spine of a real person.

Figure 3 shows a movement segment in the spine of the doll which is intended to simulate segmental instability in a movement organ in the spine of a real person. Figure 4A shows the constituent electrical sub-components within the extraction dock.

Figure 4B shows the constituent electrical components outside the extraction dock.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION Referring to the figures, there is schematically shown an exemplary form of an extraction doll 1 in accordance with the present patent application. The extraction doll is preferably intended to be used as a training tool out on a damaged site.

For example, the doll is intended to be used in connection with rescue personnel being trained to surface injured out of crashed vehicles and on to, for example, an ambulance, helicopter, hospital or the like. The extraction manikin can also be used in other training contexts, such as in the exercise of movement of persons, for example with back injuries and / or skeletal injuries, in natural disasters and in military contexts. Furthermore, the extraction doll can be used by hospital staff, and other groups involved later in the care chain of suspected spinal cord injuries after trauma or in certain medical conditions.

The extraction doll 1 is preferably an anthropometric copy of a human and can thus therefore be a copy of both men, women and children of varying sizes and ages. To externally mimic a human, the extraction doll preferably includes a head 2, torso and extremities such as legs and arms like a real human.

The extraction doll must also be equipped with joints in the arms and legs that correspond to a normal human being. A doll 1 that intends to imitate a Swedish man of medium weight and medium length weighs, for example, about 78 kg and is 178 cm long. An extraction doll 1 that seeks to imitate a Swedish woman of medium length and average weight thus weighs 65 kg and is 163 cm tall. Other lengths and weights may also be relevant. Furthermore, the doll may be designed so that it becomes scalable between different lengths and weights.

Unique to the present extraction doll is that it comprises a spine 3 whose properties are intended to mimic the properties of a real human spine.

The doll's backbone 3 is intended, for example, to mimic the stability and segmental joint mobility of a real person's backbone. To mimic the segmental mobility of a real human backbone, the dummy's backbone includes a number of mechanical movement segments 4 (shown in Figures 2 and 3). In the present patent application, motion segment 4 refers to a first (upper) vertebral body 5 and a second (lower) vertebral body 6 with associated intermediate structures 7. The number of motion segments 4 may vary within the scope of the present invention, but preferably corresponds to the number of motion segments present in a real person's spine.

Caused by the segmental joint mobility of a real human spine varying from position to position (level to level) according to the length of the spine, the mobility of the movement segments 4 in the spine of the puppet varies correspondingly according to the length of the spine of the puppet 1. To achieve a high degree of realism in the properties of the spine 3 of the doll, it is also sought that the spine 3 of the doll has a stiffness which as much as possible mimics the stiffness, which is created by vertebrae, muscles, ligaments and discs, in a real human spine.

The motion segments 4 according to the present patent application are preferably of at least a first type of motion segment 8 and at least a second type of motion segment 9. The first type of motion segment 8 consists of a motion segment that simulates a mobility in the spine of a human who is not injured . The second type of movement segment 9 consists of a movement segment with which a traumatic segmental instability in the spine can be simulated.

The second type of movement segment 9 has an increased mobility which is intended to simulate a part (a movement segment) of the spine which has been damaged via trauma or disease. Examples of diseases can be cancer or certain rheumatic diseases of the spine. The movement segment 9 has an increased mobility in one or more directions relative to the normal movement segment 8.

Knowing that spinal cord injuries occur with higher frequency at certain levels in the spine, than other levels, the second type of movement segment (s) 9 is preferably positioned at any of these levels. The number of the second type of motion segment 9, with which a simulated spinal instability is simulated, may vary within the scope of the present patent application.

Referring to Figure 2, an exemplary embodiment of a mechanical motion segment 8 is shown which is to mimic a motion segment with mobility and stability.

The movement segment 8 comprising a spinal projection 10, which is connected to the upper vertebral body 5, and a second spinal projection 11 which is connected to the lower vertebral body 6. Between the vertebral bodies 5 and 6 a mechanical element 12 is coupled which allows angular (angular) movements in at least one direction. Preferably, the mechanical segment 12 comprises at least one spring element 13 or the like which allows angular movements in all directions 536 '175 directions. Preferably, the spring element 13 may be constituted by one or more disc springs or the like. The exemplary mechanical element shown in Figure 2 comprises a first disc spring 14 and a second disc spring 15. The size and properties of the disc springs 14 and 15 are selected so as to obtain the height, motion resistance and range of motion of the simulated disk corresponding to the values of a human at the same level in the spine. The construction can include artificial facet joints that at each level limit the mobility of the spine in a human-like way.

Referring to Figure 3, a motion segment 9 with simulated segmental instability is shown consisting of an upper vertebral body 5 and a lower vertebral body 6 which are interconnected with at least one mechanical element 16. The mechanical element 16 allows axial, rotational, angular and / or shear movements in at least one direction. The material of the mechanical element 16 may, for example, consist of a rubber-based disc surrogate. The material is preferably flexible to simulate traumatic instability in the movement segment 9. The material should allow horizontal shear between 0 to a maximum of 10 mm depending on the applied force.

The angular change over normal joint mobility for the movement segment in forward bending, backward bending, side bending and rotation must be between 0 to a maximum of 45 degrees, depending on the applied force. As rubber wears mechanically and ages, which changes the mechanical properties, the disc surrogate must be replaceable.

In each movement segment 9, at least one sensor 17 is preferably placed in the upper vertebral body 5 and at least one sensor in the lower vertebral body 6. The sensors 17 have the task of registering changes in movement between the vertebral bodies 5 and 6. The sensors 17 can be gyros or sensors that measure acceleration with the ability to measure in one to three planes, so-called three-axis sensors. Preferably, there are also pressure sensors for measuring axial cranes which are important for the function. For example, the extraction dock may be provided with at least one sensor with which any compression of the mechanical element 16 (the disc surrogate) in the movement segment can be measured. In alternative embodiments, it is conceivable that only one sensor per motion segment is used for measurement to register the desired variables.

In alternative embodiments, the doll may be provided with sensors that measure instability in the pelvis, sacrum, ribs and extremities. These sensors can be of different types, for example at least one, maximum four strain strain sensors can be mounted over a simulated fracture gap in one of the fracture sites described above. Other forms of sensors may also be conceivable for data capture in the extraction dock, such as fiber optic gratings, optical, inductive, capacitive sensors or electrically doped and mechanically flexible materials.

Injuries occur at different levels in the spine due to the crash direction of the violence against the body. Therefore, the extraction dock should preferably be equipped so that one or more movement segments that can be locked for shear, compression rotation and / or angular movements before the training session begins. The extraction dock can also be equipped so that some or all directions of movement can be completely blocked in the movement segment.

Referring to Figure 4A, a schematic diagram of the electrical operating components included in the extraction dock is shown. A power source located in the dock is connected to the electrical functional components. One or more sensors that carry information to the central data processing unit (CPU) which, via custom software, enables signal processing which can transfer information to a memory unit inside or outside the extraction dock for later analysis of incoming data or to a communicating means or indicator. The indicator can be of different types, such as a buzzer, speaker, light or a vibrator. In cases where the rescue service and / or ambulance personnel handle the extraction dock in such a way that the movement segment reaches critical levels of compression, rotation, shifts or angular angles between the vertebrae, the indicator means is activated.

The respective level in the spine of the extraction doll may have separate output in the form of, for example, sound, light or vibration. In this way, the staff receives immediate feedback in the training situation if the handling of the "injured" has been correct or not. An alternative way of transmitting the information from the training situation is to provide the extraction dock with a transmitter unit that can transmit collected data via, for example, Bluetooth or WLAN to electrical equipment exterior of the dock.

Referring to Figure 4B, a receiver is shown receiving its information from the transmitter according to Figure 4A. The information is routed from the receiver to a computer that can also receive information from a camera / audio device, a learning obligation for registering moving processes. The computer can be equipped with a memory unit for storing data such as direction of movement, size, force, acceleration in different directions and / or connection to the system for spreading this data.

Data from the memory unit can then be synchronized and mixed with a video recording or other optical recording method to create visual feedback to those who performed the exercises in connection with the extraction of the doll from, for example, a crashed car. If the limit values are temporarily exceeded, the direction, force, acceleration are displayed, for example graphically or digitally in the video production. Limit values for risky operating effects in operating segments (9) are set based on the current state of knowledge from the research.

When using the extraction manikin 1, the manikin's simulated damage profile is set by, for example, an exercise leader or the like. For example, injuries to the spine 3 can be simulated by positioning (or activating) at least one injured motion segment 9, which includes a function for simulating instability in the motion segment, at at least one spine level where the simulated injury is intended to have occurred.

After the extraction dock's damage profile has been set, the extraction dock is positioned at the place where, for example, the fictitious accident occurred, from which the extraction dock is to be moved by the rescue and ambulance personnel. The exercise is then started by the staff to be trained for fl moving to the place where the doll has been positioned. Once at the extraction dock, the rescue work and the movement of the dock to the place where the fictitious rescue operation has been completed begins. During the personnel's rescue work and movement of the dock, a simultaneous measurement and registration of relevant variables' measurement values takes place. If the measured values of the relevant variables are exceeded, an alarm can be issued directly to the staff.

If relevant limit values have been exceeded during the rescue operation, information about this is registered and stored on at least one memory unit with the intention that the stored information can be used in connection with feedback of the rescue operation to those who carried out the rescue operation.

In the detailed description of the present invention, construction details may be omitted which are obvious to a person skilled in the art in the field of the method and the device. Such obvious construction details and sub-procedures are included to the extent necessary to obtain a satisfactory function for the present method and device. Although certain preferred embodiments have been shown in more detail, variations and modifications of the method and apparatus may be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All such modifications and variations are considered to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Advantages of the present invention With the present invention a number of advantages are achieved. For example, the risk of rescue personnel training incorrect techniques or rescue methods that can cause injuries in addition to the injuries that have already occurred when these incorrect methods are used in real emergencies is reduced.

Healthcare professionals may practice extraction and removal of injured people with objective documentation of the impact of the process on, for example, an unstable spine.

Different extraction methods from, for example, car wrecks can be compared in terms of time consumption, movements in different body parts / spine. The invention can be used to advantage in scientific work.

Or as a basis for certification / quality certificates for rescue and ambulance personnel, or other medical personnel. The extraction technique will be optimized with the present invention. 10

Claims (1)

1 536 175 Patent claims An extraction doll (1) in the form of an anthropometric copy of a human comprising a spine (3) comprising a number of mechanical movement segments (4), comprising at least a first vertebral body (5) and a second vertebral body (6) having at least one intermediate structure (7), the mechanical movement segment (4) of which is preferably intended for use in the training and education of, for example, rescue and medical personnel, characterized in that the movement segments (4) comprise at least a first type of movement segment (8) which seeks to mimic the spine. natural movement and stability, in particular of at least a second type of movement segment (9) with which an instability in the spine can be simulated by the movement segment (9) having an increased mobility, in one or fl your directions, relative to the movement in the first type of movement segment (8), the movement segment (8) of which consists of an upper vertebral body (5) and a lower vertebral body (6) to which a mechanical element (12) comprising at least one spring ere elements such as a disc spring or the like, are connected and that the movement segment (9) consists of an upper vertebral body (5) and a lower vertebral body (6) which are jointly connected to at least one mechanical element (16) consisting of, for example, a rubber-based disk surrogate. Extrication doll (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement segment (9) comprises at least one sensor (17) which senses changes in movement between the first vertebral body (5) and the second vertebral body (6). Extrication doll (I) according to claim 2, characterized in that the sensor consists of at least one gyro. Extrication doll (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement segment (9) is lockably arranged in at least one direction of movement. Method for using the extraction manikin according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the manikin's simulated injury profile is initially set by, for example, an exercise leader or the like, after which the manikin is positioned at the place where the personnel are to move the manikin from. to the place where the manikin is positioned, the rescue work begins and for the transfer of the manikin to the place where the emergency rescue operation is completed 536 175 at the same time as sensor values are processed electronically during the rescue work process with the intention of using the information in connection with the rescue work performed to those who performed the rescue work. . Method according to claim 5, characterized in that an alarm or the like is issued when the sensors during the rescue work register measured values which exceed preset limit values. . Method according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that data is stored electronically. . Method according to claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the rescue work is videotaped and the videos are used in combination with the measured values of the sensors when feedback is performed on the rescue exercise performed to the rescue personnel II.