RU2836486C1 - Method for increasing biological full-value of chicken embryos of meat direction of productivity under production conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to poultry farming. Method for increasing the biological full-value of meat chicken embryos is based on a single pre-incubation treatment of chicken eggs with an aqueous solution of rosmarinic acid by an aerosol method.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to increase biological full-value of meat chicken embryos in production conditions.

1 cl, 4 ex, 4 tbl

Description

This invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to poultry farming (pre-incubation single-use aerosol application of an aqueous solution of rosmarinic acid).

As is known, embryonic development largely determines the further ontogenesis of an individual, the implementation of its productive qualities, the intensity of growth, development, resistance and viability. Industrial incubation is not identical to natural incubation of eggs under a hen, therefore it does not yet provide the embryo with all the necessary conditions for comfortable embryogenesis. In this regard, the percentage of biologically complete embryos in batches of eggs decreases, and in the future, in connection with this, the number of healthy young animals and the implementation of their productive qualities, determining a drop in production profitability [9]. As is known, the hatching of chickens under industrial incubation conditions at poultry enterprises in the Russian Federation averages 80-85%, while in natural ones it is usually 100% [1]. It has been proven that under the influence of any negative factors, free radical reactions are initiated and progress, and along with them lipid peroxidation, which disrupts the intensity of metabolic processes and has a destructive effect on all cellular components, causing the underlying cause of slowdowns and deterioration of development, and often the death of embryos [3]. Thus, the search for the most effective substances capable of multifacetedly stopping the above-described negative phenomena, optimizing metabolic processes, harmonizing the conditions for the development of embryos, is of undoubted value for the intensification of industrial poultry farming.

These include rosmarinic acid, which is mainly studied by medical specialists. They have found that this biostimulant has a number of properties important for the full existence of the body, such as: antioxidant, metabolic stimulating, immunomodulatory, antitoxic, antimutagenic [6,7] . There is also no doubt about the relevance of the list of such for ensuring the conditions necessary for the timely and high-quality development of the embryo, causing the emergence of scientific interest of the team of authors in its use in industrial poultry farming.

In this invention, the work of: Naidensky M.S., Nesterov V.V., Karmoliev R.Kh., Lukicheva V.A. Combined treatment of hatching eggs for the purpose of their disinfection and stimulation of embryonic and postembryonic development of agricultural poultry. Patent No. 230830, priority from 01.04.2004. This method, taken as a prototype, consists in the fact that biostimulants meval and krezacin in the form of a mixture of their aqueous solutions of 0.01% concentration were applied to the surface of the shell 6-12 hours before incubation. The hatching of conditional chickens in this case was 3.0-4.4%, however, the results obtained were lower than when using the optimal solution of rosmarinic acid.

In order to determine the effectiveness of using rosmarinic acid to increase the biological value of chicken embryos, a single treatment of chicken eggs with solutions of the declared biostimulant in a concentration range from 0.001 to 1% was carried out before placing them in an incubator. According to Naidensky M.S. (1996), the use of lower concentrations for pre-incubation transovarial treatment of eggs is ineffective in most cases, while higher concentrations can have a toxic effect [5]. It is important to note that only chemically pure rosmarinic acid was used for pre-incubation treatment of eggs.

Purpose of the invention: to develop an effective method for increasing the biological value of chicken embryos with transovarial single use of rosmarinic acid.

Technical result: embryos in the best experimental group had a high level of biological usefulness in terms of key characteristics, such as: the degree of allantois closure, improved incubation biocontrol indicators with a reduction in incubation waste. It is important to note that in other periods of embryogenesis, a positive trend towards growth of these indicators was also observed in the best experimental group.

The method is carried out as follows: an aerosol aqueous solution of rosmarinic acid at a concentration of 1% is applied to the surface of the disinfected shell of hatching eggs 4 hours before incubation. The substance is first dissolved in distilled water at a temperature of 90-100°C, while it does not decompose and does not lose its biological properties. After dissolving the rosmarinic acid, the prepared solution is cooled to a temperature of 18-20°C [6,7].

Example 1. The experiment was conducted on four batches of eggs: one of which was a control batch, the rest were experimental. The experimental batches were treated once with aqueous solutions of rosmarinic acid using the aerosol method in concentrations from 0.001% to 1%. The eggs of meat-producing hens were obtained from one parent flock of the ROSS 308 cross, sorted into 252 pieces in each batch, while maintaining similar weight, laying time and storage periods.

A single treatment of eggs with aqueous solutions of rosmarinic acid by the aerosol method in concentrations from 0.001% to 1% determined an increase in the first category of eggs by the degree of allantois closure in all experimental groups, which, according to Bessarabov B.F. (2015), indicates the advantages of embryos in terms of gas exchange and nutrition intensity, and at the same time indicates a higher level of their biological usefulness [1]. At the same time, in the last batch, the difference between the experiment and the control was maximum and amounted to 8%.

Table 1. Egg categories by the degree of allantois closure on the 11th day, %. n=100

Egg categories by degree of allantois closure Parties Control 30 39 31 Experienced (0.001%) 33 38 29 Experienced (0.01%) 33 39 28 Experienced (0.1%) 35 41 24 Experienced (1%) 38 40 22

Example 2. The data in Table 2 indicate that rosmarinic acid had a positive stimulating effect on the development of embryos and their viability, with the best results also being obtained in experimental group 4, where a 1% solution of rosmarinic acid was used for pre-incubation treatment. Thus, a decrease in the number of "unfertilized" by 1.6% was established, apparently due to a decrease in "unfertilized, including false"; "blood rings" by 3 times, "frozen" by 1.3 times, "suffocated" by 1.7 times, while "weak" were completely absent. A decrease in all the studied categories of incubation waste determined an increase in egg hatchability by 5.14% and chick hatchability by 4.45% (p <0.01), respectively, compared to the control group.

It should be noted separately that concentrations above 1% did not have a positive effect on embryonic viability, and therefore data on their use will not be presented in the patent.

Table 2. Incubation biocontrol indicators, %, n=252

party Neo
fruit, including false fruit Blood-
rings Frozen Choking-
faces Sla-
were Egg hatchability ±Δ Hatching chickens ±Δ Cont-ya 10.71±
1.95 1.19±
0.68 3.97+1.23 4.76±
1.34 1.19±
0.68 87.56±
2.08 __ 78.17±
2.6 ____ 1
(0.001%) 10.32±
1.92 1.59±0.79 3.97±1.23 4.37±1.29 0.79±
0.56 88.05±
2.04 +
0.49 78.97±2.57 +0.8 2 (0.01%) 9.92±
1.88 0.79±
0.56 3.57±1.17 4.37±1.29 0.79±
0.56 89.43±
1.97 +
1.87 80.56±2.49 +2.39 3
(0.1%) 10.32±
1.92 0.40±
0.40 3.17±1.10 3.57
±1.17 0.79±
0.56 91.15±
1.79 +
3.59 81.75±2.43 +3.58 4
(1%) 9.13±
1.81 0.40±
0.40 3.17±1.10 2.78±
1.04 - 93.01±
1.61 +
5.45 84.52±2.28* +6.35

Note: here and further: * p <0.05; ** p <0.01; *** p <0.001; K - control, 1-4 - experimental batches

Example 3. Higher quality of development and intensification of growth of embryos of the best experimental group were recorded throughout the entire development period, which is consistent with the data in Table 3. Thus, its representatives on the 4th day of incubation reliably exceeded the control in the following indicators: body length by 20% (p<0.01), live weight by 15% (p<0.05), small diameter of the vascular field by 4.17% (p<0.01). While on the 12th day, a reliable advantage of the experimental batch was established only in embryo weight by 5.66% (p<0.05). In other periods, the experimental group also showed a tendency to increase the previously declared indicators.

Table 3. Growth and development of embryos (n=5).

Incubation days Indicator Parties
Control Experienced
(1%) 4th Large diameter of the vascular field, cm 3.4±0.05 3.5±0.04 Small diameter of the vascular field, cm 2.4±0.02 2.5±0.02** Length, mm 10±0.23 12±0.27** Number of vessels coming from the embryo, pcs. 6.0±0.28 6.5±0.25 Weight, g 0.020±0.0005 0.023±0.0009* 8th Length, mm 29±0.19 29±0.27 Weight, g 1.23±0.06 1.29±0.05 12th Length, mm 47±0.94 49±0.88 Weight, g 5.3±0.08 5.6±0.06* 16th Length, mm 77±3.11 82±3.85 Weight, g 15.7±0.89 16.9±0.94

Example 4. The data in Table 4 confirm the high biological value of the embryos in the best experimental group. Thus, a decrease in the thickness of the shell remaining at hatching by 6.25% compared to the control indicates a more complete absorption of minerals from the shell by the embryo. According to Bessarabov B.F. (2015), the stated is of key importance for the high-quality development of the broiler skeleton and intensive muscle growth in further ontogenesis [1]. This is also important for the timely, successful hatching of young animals [8,9] and is consistent with the data in Example 2.

Along with this, the experimental group had 20% more two-fragment shells remaining at hatching, relative to the control, which indicates the high quality of embryos and the strength of the hatching young. It should be noted separately that the experimental group had a greater number of cases of hatching in the physiologically correct place, which also confirms the more comfortable course of their embryogenesis, and at the same time their high biological usefulness [4,5].

Table 4. “Piping location and indicators of eggshells remaining after hatching”, (n=10)

Shell thickness, mm Number of shell fragments, % Place of bite, % 2 3 or more Physiological
ki the correct place for the bite (between the middle and the blunt end) % Atypical hatching site (in the middle or between the middle and the sharp end of the egg) % Experimental group 1% 0.30 ± 0.003 80% 20% 80% 20% Control group 0.32 ± 0.009 60% 40% 60% 40%

Conclusion: a single pre-incubation treatment with an aqueous solution at an optimal concentration of 1% according to the proposed scheme determined an increase in the most important characteristics of the biological integrity of embryos.

Literature:

1. Bessarabov, B. F. Incubation of eggs of agricultural poultry: a tutorial / B. F. Bessarabov, A. A. Krykanov, A. L. Kiselev. - St. Petersburg. - Lan. - 2015. - 160 p.

2. Buslovskaya, L.K. Energy metabolism and acid-base balance in farm animals during adaptation to stressors: Abstract of Cand. Biological Sciences Dissertation / L.K. Buslovskaya. - Belgorod. - 2004. - 40 p.

3. Kochish, I.I. Antihypoxic and energy-stimulating effects of cobalt glycinate when used in quail embryogenesis (Coturnix japonica) / I.I. Kochish, T.V. Monstakova, T.O. Azarnova // Agricultural biology. - Vol. 57. - No. 6. - M. - 2022. - P. 1208-1216.

4. Kochish, I.I. Poultry farming/ I.I. Kochish, M.G. Petrash, S.B. Smirnov//Textbook for universities: 2nd edition, revised, supplemented. - KolosS. - 2007 - 430 p.

5. Naidensky, M.S. Environmentally safe methods of increasing the hatchery of healthy chickens / Naidensky M.S., Nesterov V.V., Lazareva N.Yu. // Bio - Veterinary specialist. - 2007. - No. 10. - P. 23-24.

6. Paliy, A.E./Rosmarinic acid and its raw material sources in Crimea// Paliy A.E., Melikov F.M., Grebennikova O.A., Rabotyagov V.D./Pharmacy and pharmacology. - No. 2. - 2015. - p.7-12

7. Popov, A.M./ Antioxidant and membrane-tropic activity of rosmarinic acid/ A.M. Popov, O.N. Krivoshapko, A.N. Osipov, E.A. Korepanova// Nutrition Issues. - No. 3. - 2014. - pp. 25-31

8. Tagirov, M.T. Nutrition and the main metabolic pathways in the developing bird embryo / M.T. Tagirov, A.V. Tereshchenko // Newsletter of the Kharkiv National University named after V. N. Karazin. Series: Biology. - 2009. - No. 878, VIP. 10. - P. 53

9. Shcherbatov, V.I. Incubation of eggs of agricultural poultry/V.I. Shcherbatov, L.I. Smirnova, O.V. Shcherbatov//Monograph. - Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Kuban State Agrarian University". - 2015. - 184 p.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing the biological value of embryos of meat-producing chickens under production conditions, characterized in that a single pre-incubation treatment of chicken eggs with an aqueous solution of rosmarinic acid is carried out using an aerosol method: 4 hours before placing the eggs in the incubator, the eggs are treated with a 1% solution of rosmarinic acid, the rosmarinic acid is first dissolved and mixed in distilled water at a temperature of 90-100 °C, after dissolving the rosmarinic acid, the prepared solution is cooled to a temperature of 18-20 °C.