RU2823812C1 - Method for preparing fodder additive for calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal breeding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to animal breeding, in particular, to production of a fodder additive from forest industry wastes and natural mineral raw materials. Method involves extraction of coniferous flour and crushed cedar nut shells with water at temperature of 100 °C for 24 hours in an airtight container, filtering the obtained extract and adding arabinogalactan, stirring until complete dissolution. Obtained extract with dissolved arabinogalactan is mixed with expanded vermiculite and dried at room temperature to constant weight. Initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%: coniferous flour – 32; crushed cedar nut shells – 32; arabinogalactan – 4; vermiculite – 32.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to obtain a dry form of a fodder additive for calves.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry, in particular to the production of feed additives from forest industry waste and natural mineral raw materials.

A microgranulated feed additive is known [patent RU 2034501 C1 IPC A23K 1/16 published 10.05.1995], characterized in that it contains vitamin E in the form of alpha-tocopherol acetate, an antioxidant, an oil extract of biologically active substances from sea buckthorn leaves, magnesium oxide and an inert sorbent in the form of a filler, a polymer binder in the following ratio of components, wt.%: alpha-tocopherol acetate 0.5 - 5.0; antioxidant 0.01 - 1.0; oil extract of biologically active substances from sea buckthorn leaves 7.0 - 25.0; magnesium oxide 15.0 - 26.92; inert sorbent 8.08 - 40.0; polymer binder is the rest. The supplement has a pronounced positive effect on metabolic disorders and stimulates the body's immune system when tested on weaned piglets.

The disadvantage of this invention is its complex multi-component composition, the presence of chemically synthesized substances and oils that undergo oxidation (rancidity) during storage, as well as the need to use an antioxidant that is toxic.

A feed additive for agricultural poultry and animals is known [patent RU 2355187 C1 IPC A23K 1/14, A23K 1/16, published 20.05.2009], containing a sorbent and a plant stimulant of the body. As a plant stimulant of the body, it contains oregano, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, plantain, tansy, celandine, sweet clover, wormwood, yarrow, chamomile, stinging nettle. All components are taken in a certain ratio, as a sorbent - opoka (opalcristobalite rock). The ratio of sorbent to medicinal plants is 1:1. The use of the invention allows improving the condition of vital organs in pigs and poultry in stressful situations and increasing the average daily weight gain in broilers.

The disadvantages of this invention are: a complex composition, including more than 10 medicinal herbs that must be mixed in certain proportions, the labor intensity of uniform mixing of dry plant and mineral raw materials, and the strict observance of their proportions.

A feed additive with phytobiotic activity on a mineral basis is known [patent RU 2569018 C1 IPC A23K 1/175, A23K 1/16, published 20.11.2015], containing a mixture of essential oils of eucalyptus, thyme, garlic and lemon in a ratio of 1:2:1:2, respectively, applied to diatomite in the form of burnt crumbs in a ratio of 1:10 and dried to obtain a dry concentrate. The feed additive is introduced into the feed at a ratio of 0.001:1 and provides an immunomodulatory and antioxidant effect, has antimicrobial activity and an anti-inflammatory effect. The use of the invention ensures the normalization of digestion processes, an increase in milk yield and an improvement in the quality of milk from cows, an increase in the growth of weaned piglets and broiler chickens.

The disadvantage of the invention is the use of expensive essential oils in the composition and the difficulty of preserving their active biologically active substances, which are easily destroyed upon contact with air, light and moisture during storage of the feed additive.

An invention is known for increasing the biological value of a feed additive [author's certificate SU 1821120 A1 IPC A 23 K 1/16 published 15.06.1993]. The feed additive is obtained by mixing pine extract with vermiculite. The needles are extracted with a 4-6% solution of caustic soda. The content of dry pine extract in the feed additive is 6-9 wt. % The use of the feed additive leads to an increase in the live weight of calves by 9.7-16.9%. The disadvantages of the invention are the labor-intensive and long process of pine needle extraction, lasting several weeks, drying the feed additive at elevated temperatures, which requires additional costs for electricity, and the use of caustic alkali for extraction.

The closest analogue, adopted as a prototype, is a method for preparing a biologically active feed additive for cows [patent RU 2771176 C1, IPC A23K50/10, A23K10/30, published 04/28/2022], which consists in the fact that dried pine needles and crushed cedar nut shells are poured with water at a temperature of 100 ° C and infused in a closed container for 24 hours. The resulting aqueous infusion is filtered and arabinogalactan is added, stirred until it is completely dissolved. The components are used in the following ratio, g / l: pine needles - 15; cedar nut shells - 25; arabinogalactan - 2. The use of the invention allows to increase the milk productivity of cows and improve the quality of milk.

The disadvantages of the invention are the liquid form of the feed additive, which requires special conditions for transportation and feeding, and its limited shelf life.

The technical result of the invention is a dry form of the feed additive for calves "ExtraMin", which simplifies the conditions of its transportation and feeding, and also contributes to an increase in live weight gain and an improvement in metabolism in the body of animals.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for preparing a feed additive for calves includes extraction with water at a temperature of 100°C of coniferous flour and crushed cedar nut shells for 24 hours in a sealed container, filtering the resulting extract and adding arabinogalactan, stirring until it is completely dissolved,newis that the obtained extract with dissolved arabinogalactan is mixed with expanded vermiculite and dried at room temperature to a constant weight, with the initial components taken in the following ratio, wt. %:

coniferous flour - 32;

crushed pine nut shells - 32;

arabinogalactan - 4;

vermiculite - 32.

Example of preparation of feed additive "ExtraMin"

The proposed feed additive is produced from expanded vermiculite and an aqueous extract of coniferous flour from the branches of the Scots pine (lat. Pinus sylvestris), crushed cedar nut shells (lat. Pinus sibirica) and arabinogalactan. In the production of the additive, the pine branches are dried to a constant weight at room temperature and crushed to a flour state. The dry cedar nut shells are crushed in a crusher. Coniferous flour and crushed cedar nut shells in equal quantities are placed in a steaming container, filled with hot water at a temperature of 100 ° C at a raw material and water ratio of 1: 4 and extracted for 24 hours, after which the extract is filtered. Arabinogalactan is dissolved in the extract and mixed with expanded vermiculite. Vermiculite enriched with extract is dried at room temperature to constant weight.

The experiment was conducted on black-and-white calves. Control and experimental groups of calves were formed, 14 heads in each. The calves of the experimental group were fed the tested feed additive mixed with concentrated feed for 90 days in accordance with the experimental scheme presented in Table 1.

Table 1

Group Quantity
heads Duration of the experiment, days Feeding conditions Control 14 90 Basic diet (BD) Experienced 14 90 OR + feed additive "ExtraMin" (expanded vermiculite (20 g/head/day) + plant extract (coniferous flour (20 g), cedar nut shell (20 g), arabinogalactan (2.5 g) + water (170 ml))

During the experiment, the live weight and growth rates of the calves were determined (Table 2).

Table 2

Group Live weight, kg Growth beginning of the experience end of experience average daily, g absolute, kg relative, % Control 88.07±5.78 158.50±6.13 783.44±10.31 70.43±0.93 58,61 Experienced 89.43±4.57 163.71±4.41 825.29±15.50* 74.28±1.40* 59.64 Note - *P>0.95

As a result of the research, it was established that the calves of the experimental group had the highest growth rates, the live weight of which at the end of the experiment exceeded the similar indicator of the control group by 3.29%, the average daily gain - by 5.34% (P> 0.95), the absolute gain - by 5.47% (P> 0.95), the relative gain - by 1.03 p.p.

Thus, the feed additive "ExtraMin", consisting of local natural plant and mineral raw materials, contains a complex of substances with high biological activity, has a positive effect on the growth and development of calves. The presence of expanded vermiculite in the feed additive helps to neutralize and remove harmful and toxic substances from the body and allows to additionally enrich the diet with minerals that improve the metabolism of animals. The method of extracting biologically active substances from plant materials by water extraction is one of the most accessible and cost-effective, does not require additional costs for the purchase of special equipment and can be used on large farms and complexes and in private subsidiary farms. Drying the plant extract using vermiculite, in contrast to the liquid extract, allows to increase its shelf life and reduces labor costs when using the feed additive. The use of the invention allows to increase the range of feed additives from forest resources and natural minerals.

Claims (5)

A method for preparing a feed additive for calves, including extraction with water at a temperature of 100°C of coniferous flour and crushed pine nut shells for 24 hours in a sealed container, filtering the resulting extract and adding arabinogalactan, stirring until it is completely dissolved, characterized in that the resulting extract with dissolved arabinogalactan is mixed with expanded vermiculite and dried at room temperature to a constant weight, wherein the initial components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%: coniferous flour – 32; crushed pine nut shells – 32; arabinogalactan – 4; vermiculite – 32.