RU2819434C1 - Stone picker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; forestry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and forestry. Stone collector is made in the form of a trailed unit and includes working elements for picking up stones from the ground and hopper (2) for collecting the picked up stones. Working elements for picking up stones are made in form of three rotors controlled by means of hydraulic system, of which two rotors (1) are located on side gripping elements and one rotor is located on frame of stone picker. Hopper (2) has in rear part towing eye for attachment of trailer and belt conveyor, located after attachment of trailer partially inside trailer. Stone collector additionally contains load sensors on the axle of the hydraulic motor-wheels of the stone collector, which are connected through the control unit to the system for moving the load from hopper (2) to the trailer and the system of automatic or manual emptying of hopper (2).

EFFECT: enabling increase in the labour productivity of the crew of workers servicing the machines and units engaged in the cleaning of areas from stones, as well as reducing the labour intensity of the stone pickup operator due to the release of the need to monitor the filling of the hopper and increasing the resource of the stone picker due to the exclusion of operation with overload.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pick-ups and stone collectors used in soil cultivation in agriculture and forestry.

In the context of this application, the following concepts will be used as synonyms:

- “stone picker”, “stone picker”, “stone picker”,

- “technological material”, “cargo”, “soil and stones”.

There is a well-known rake-collector for stones, made in the form of a trailed unit, including two rake rotors on folding gripping elements and one picking up rotor, a drawbar connected to the tractor hitch, a hopper, wheel supports with height adjustment at ground level (Reclamation machines: training manual: in 2 hours. Part 1 / E.I. Mazhugin, A.L. Kazakov. – Gorki: BGSHA, 2018. – 307 p.: pp. 201-203). According to a known solution, the rotor drive can be mechanical or hydraulic. Unloading of stones is carried out by tilting the hopper backwards or by tilting it and lifting it. In the latter case, it is possible to unload stones into a tractor trailer.

The disadvantages of the known solution include the need to periodically stop the unit to empty the hopper. This reduces the productivity of the process of clearing areas of stones. The disadvantages also include the need for the operator (driver) to monitor the fullness of the hopper. This places additional stress on the operator and increases fatigue. In addition, the operator is not able to visually assess the weight of the cargo in the bunker. Situations are possible when the bunker contains a non-critical amount of soil with stones in terms of volume, but an excessive amount in terms of weight. This can lead to overloading of the structure and possible breakdowns.

The closest in terms of the totality of essential features - the prototype of the claimed invention - is a device used in the implementation of the method of removing stones, made in the form of a trailed unit and including working elements for picking up stones from the ground and a hopper for collecting picked up stones (patent RU 2267244, publ. 10.01 .2006. Bulletin No. 1). According to a well-known solution, the working bodies for collecting stones are made in the form of a comb and a chopping tooth. It is proposed to empty the hopper into a drag (pen) periodically supplied to the device.

The disadvantages of the known solution include the inevitable downtime of the stone picker in the period between the departure of the loaded drag and the arrival of the empty trailer.

The technical objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of a stone picker, made in the form of a trailed unit, by eliminating periods of downtime between the moments when a loaded trailer leaves the stone picker and the empty trailer approaches.

A common disadvantage of the known solutions is the lack of mechanisms for leveling the cargo (soil and stones) in the bunker. At the same time, it is known that one of the factors influencing the decrease in the efficiency of stone pickers with a storage hopper is the loss of time for leveling the process material in the hopper. The need to level the process material in the hopper periodically arises due to the accumulation of stones and other impurities fed by the harvesting part of the machine in the front part of the hopper, near the exit of the heap from the grate of the harvesting part of the machine. In this case, the accumulated heap prevents the supplied heap from passing deep into the bunker, and the stones roll down the harvesting part. The process of leveling a heap in a bunker consists of stopping, partially lifting the bunker and vibrating the hydraulic system performed by the operator, shifting the heap from the front of the bunker to the center and to the rear (URL: https://elib.baa.by/jspui/bitstream/123456789 /2994/1/Sysoev%20186-190.pdf (date of publication: 11/17/2021)).

The technical result of the implementation of the proposed invention is to increase the productivity of the team of workers servicing machines and units engaged in clearing areas of stones. An additional technical result is a reduction in the labor intensity of the stone picker operator, by freeing him from the need to monitor the fullness of the bunker, and an increase in the service life of the stone picker by eliminating work with overload.

The solution to the stated technical problem is achieved through the combined use of the following constructive measures:

1) making a stone picker with a built-in hopper, which has a towing eye in the rear for attaching a dump trailer (hereinafter referred to as the trailer),

2) the use of a conveyor belt installed and secured in the bunker and located after securing the trailer partially inside the trailer and intended for leveling the cargo in the trailer,

3) use of a trailer located behind the bunker, in the direction of travel, attached to the bunker through a towing eye and filled from the bunker, after filling the latter, in manual and/or automatic mode,

4) the use of axle load sensors, which allow indirect control of the mass loading of the bunker and are associated with the system for moving cargo from the bunker to the trailer attached to the bunker,

5) use of automatic activation of the hopper hydraulic cylinders based on a signal from axle load sensors, that is, when the maximum load is reached.

The features indicated above under numbers from “2)” to “5)” are new, from the point of view of application in the designs of stone pickers, significant, industrially feasible and aimed at achieving the stated technical result.

The design of the stone picker proposed in accordance with the present invention is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4).

In fig. Figure 1 shows a general view of a stone picker without an installed trailer.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a fragment of a stone picker with an installed trailer.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a view of the rear of the bunker (trailer not installed).

In fig. Figure 4 conventionally shows a stone picker without an installed trailer, connected through a drawbar to a tractor.

The positions are designated:

1 - swathing rotors,

2 - bunker,

3 - hydraulic cylinders of bunker 2,

4 - stone picker axles,

5 - load sensor on axle 4,

6 - trailer,

7 - belt conveyor,

8 - tractor.

The rotors 1 are located on the side gripping elements (not shown by positions in the figure). In addition, the stone picker has a third rotor (not shown in the figure), located on the frame of the stone picker and designed to move process material into hopper 2. All rotors are driven into rotation by the hydraulic system (not shown in the figure). The hydraulic station of the stone picker (not shown in the figure) is connected to the tractor power take-off shaft 8.

The hydraulic cylinders 3 of the hopper 2 are designed to be activated both manually and automatically. This means that emptying of hopper 2 can be carried out either directly by the operator or in automatic mode. The design of the elements of the hydraulic system of the stone picker is not the subject of protection under this application, since it involves the use of commercially produced devices (hydraulic distributors, fittings, pipelines, hydraulic cylinders, etc.). This additionally ensures that the conditions for industrial applicability of the proposed stone picker are met.

Any sensors known from the prior art and used for a similar purpose can be used as load sensors 5 on the axle 4, for example, but not exclusively, Magtrol SA strain gauges can be used (URL: https://www.prom-tex.org/ catalog/datchiki/usilie-i-ves/osevye-datchiki-nagruzki/?ysclid=lpxuscphvo433913801 (access date: 12/09/2023)). The sensor control unit 5 (not shown in the figure) can be placed anywhere. The preferred location for the control unit is the tractor cabin 8.

The trailer 6 can have any design that allows it to be connected to the stone picker. It is preferable, from the point of view of simplifying unloading, to use a dump trailer. During operation of the stone picker, trailer 6 is part of its structure and forms a removable connection with it.

The conveyor belt 7 is driven by a hydraulic motor (not shown in the figure).

The design of devices not disclosed in the materials of this application can be anything known from the prior art and is not the subject of protection under this application.

The stone picker proposed by the present invention operates as follows.

A trailer 6 is attached to the rear part of the bunker 2 through an eye (not indicated by a position in the figure).

The stone picker is attached to tractor 8 through a drawbar (not indicated by a position in the figure). Tractor 8 begins to move. In the process of clearing specified areas from stones, two swathing rotors on folding gripping elements rotate and move stones in the direction of the picking rotor (not indicated by a position in the figure). The picking rotor moves the stones and the soil that falls with them into hopper 2. When the limit, preset value of the load on axle 4 is reached, load sensors 5 on axle 4 send a notification signal to the control unit about the need to empty hopper 2.

The control unit, after processing the signal from the load sensors 5 on the axle 4, generates and sends a signal to the hydraulic system distributor (not shown by position in the figure), which, through the supply of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 3 of the hopper 2, rotates the hopper 2 around its swing axis, that is, it the so-called overturning of hopper 2. The cargo located in hopper 2 is poured into trailer 6. In accordance with the established program, the conveyor belt 7 is turned on, which redistributes the cargo over trailer 6, ensuring a more uniform loading of the latter.

The stone picker continues to move and at the same time clear the area. When, after the next emptying of the hopper 2, the trailer 6 is completely filled, the tractor 8 stops and the stone picker stops moving and, accordingly, clearing the area of stones. The duration of the stop is determined only by the time required to uncouple the trailer 6. After uncoupling the trailer 6, the stone picker, driven by the tractor 8, resumes moving and clearing the area of stones. During the period of filling the bunker 2, an empty trailer 6 must be supplied. A stop follows again - this time to attach the trailer 6 to the stone picker. If necessary, empty the hopper 2 into the trailer 6. Then the work continues in the described order.

During operation, the trailer is part of the structure of the stone picker, being connected to it by a hitch through an eye. Thus, the stone picker is a complex assembled at the site of operation (on the area being cleared) from independent units - the stone picker itself and the trailer connected to it, and hooked up to the tractor.

An example of the invention.

The applicant has developed and is mass-producing a stone picker model “KP-6V-01”, the design of which uses the essential features listed in the independent claim of the invention for this application.

The KP-6V-01 stone picker includes, in particular, a stabilization and depth level system and a hopper emptying system.

These systems contain:

- a hydraulic station driven by the tractor power take-off shaft and a control unit,

- hydraulic motor wheels, including side and drive ones with axle load sensors,

- hydraulic motors of side (raking) rotors,

- hydraulic cylinders for the bunker level,

- strain gauges on the drawbar and in the hopper.

The hydraulic unit is permanently connected to the tractor power take-off shaft. When fixing the differential load on the drawbar strain gauges, pressure is applied to the motor wheels to stabilize the movement. When fixing the maximum load after engaging the wheel motors, the hydraulic cylinders of the level are activated to reduce the depth and the rotation speed of the hydraulic motors of the side rotors is changed to the permissible load on the drawbar.

Due to this system, it is possible to work at maximum depth on different soils, reducing the load on the tractor.

Using axle load sensors, the full loading of the hopper is determined. After this, a notification signal is sent to the tractor cabin to notify you of the need to empty the bunker.

This system not only improves system performance, but also minimizes the possibility of overload.

When using a trailer, the hopper hydraulic cylinders are automatically activated.

The KP-6V-01 stone picker is equipped with a conveyor belt and a towing eye for attaching a trailer.

When using bulk trailers, a conveyor belt driven by a hydraulic motor is used to ensure uniform loading. The hopper is emptied manually or automatically during operation. When the trailer is full, it is uncoupled, after which either the same one is connected after emptying, or another one.

Thanks to this system, the work of the stone picker can go almost non-stop.

Claims (2)

1. A stone picker, characterized in that it is made in the form of a trailed unit and includes working elements for picking up stones from the ground and a hopper for collecting selected stones, wherein the working elements for picking up stones are made in the form of three rotors controlled by a hydraulic system, from which two rotors are located on the side gripping elements and one rotor is located on the frame of the stone picker, and the hopper has a towing eye in the rear part for attaching a trailer and a conveyor belt, located after securing the trailer partially inside the trailer, and the stone picker additionally contains load sensors on the axle of the hydraulic motor-wheels stone picker, connected through a control unit with a system for moving cargo from the bunker to the trailer and a system for automatic or manual emptying of the bunker. 2. The stone picker according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailer is made in the form of a dump trailer.