RU28735U1 - Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head with inlet openings in which inlet valves are installed, an inlet manifold including inlet pipes extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into a common gas collection receiver, the side wall of which is provided with connecting openings for said inlet pipes, and partially a pipe located in the receiver’s cavity, the internal free dynamic section of which is located in a plane in which the values of the vibration levels of sound pressure of the gas the volume enclosed in the cavity of the receiver at the lowest resonant intrinsic longitudinal shape is minimal, and the outer section of the nozzle is connected to the highway with elements of air purification and air supply regulation, characterized in that the part of the nozzle located inside the cavity of the receiver’s body is partially formed by the side wall of the receiver’s body, partially with its end wall and is made curved, so that the internal free dynamic section of the nozzle faces the connecting holes of the inlet pipes second collector, wherein the nozzle cross-sectional area of the curved portion is not less than the magnitude of internal cross-sectional area of the free cut patrubka.2. A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, characterized in that the receiver body and pipe are made in the form of a single, non-separable monolithic block. 3. A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, characterized in that the receiver body and the nozzle are made in the form of a single monolithic part.

Description

2002124930

MKI F02B 29/02

Multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to multi-cylinder internal combustion engines with fuel injection and cylinders.

The use of an electronic fuel injection system necessitates the introduction of devices into the design of an internal combustion engine (hereinafter ICE) that can significantly reduce the value of the resonant amplitudes of the pulsations of the volumetric air flow rate and, accordingly, reduce the hydraulic resistance in the intake system path, in order to improve cylinder filling, increase effective power and improve the economic performance of ICE. On the other hand, the suppression of resonant pulsations of gas in the intake system of the internal combustion engine is favorable from the point of view of reducing sound (noise) radiation into the environment produced by both the exit section of the air intake pipe of the air cleaner (aerodynamic noise) and the vibrating walls of the intake system elements (structural, cabinet noise )

So, for example, the Japanese company Yamaha Motors in the application number 61-244824, F02B 27/00, publ. 10.31.86, to reduce ripple and noise in the intake system of the engine, it proposes to use two receivers, parallel and in series, connected to the intake manifold route to provide a more significant total effect.

Japanese company Honda Motors in the application number 63-219866, F02M 35/10, publ. 09/13/88, suggests using two separate air lines connecting the air cleaner and receiver with two controlled throttles to reduce the noise when sucking into the internal combustion engine, which ensure that the auxiliary channel closes at low speeds and the open state of both connecting pipes at high speeds. The same company in the application No. 61190159, F02M 35/12, publ. 14.01.87, in order to ensure a given sound attenuation in a wide range of frequencies, it proposes to connect two sound attenuation devices to the inlet pipe - a 1/4 dead-end wave resonator and an autonomous resonant chamber.

EPO No. 0278117, F02B 27/00, publ. 08.17.88, to use the effects of increasing the filling of the cylinders by suppressing resonant pulsations of the gas by adding them in antiphase, it is proposed to use mutually agreed additional resonant tubes and an additional receiver.

The Austrian company AVL in the application of Germany No. 3820607, F01B 25/00, publ. 12/29/88, to expand the frequency range of effective operation (noise attenuation) of an additional acoustic resonator, it proposes to carry out its design of a variable volume, controlled and adjusted depending on the speed of rotation of the crankshaft.

Japanese company Nippon Radzieta in the application of Japan No. 62-48047, F01M 1/02, publ. 12.10.87, proposes, in order to increase the effect of damping the noise, instead of using large-sized complex designs of silencers, use an anti-resonance inlet pipe, including a controlled noise or vibration source, an electromagnetic valve, receiving acoustic sensors, and a control processor.

Japanese company Hitachi seisakuse in the application of Japan No. 2-4840, F16L 55/04, publ. 01/30/90, in order to reduce fluctuations in the piping system, it proposes that the pipeline branch into at least two channels, at different distances from the branch point, place expansion chambers that reflect direct incident sound waves back to the pulsation source (ICE cylinder), and the distance between the chamber walls is selected in a certain way.

The English branch of the company Ford Motor in the application of the UK No. 2203488, F02B 29/00, publ. 10.19.88, to suppress pulsations of gas and noise in the intake manifold, provides for the installation of an anti-sound device in the form of a special loudspeaker or a special reservoir with an electrovalve with

antiphase radiation of generated signals.

Japanese company Nissan Jidosia in Japanese application No. 51-23656, F02B 37/00, publ. 05/08/89, to reduce the intake noise of the internal combustion engine and increase its power, due to a decrease in the reverse current of the charge air, it is proposed to use a special design of the silencer in the form of an expansion chamber with internal tubes of a certain ratio of diameters and a certain distance of the pipe sections between each other.

Siemens Canada’s Canadian division in US Pat. No. 4,934,343, F02M 35/00, to suppress gas flow noise without significantly affecting the hydraulic resistance of the inlet duct, provides for the use of two diffuser sections in a bifurcated section of the gas pipeline, providing phase shift and compensation of ripple amplitudes due to this when they are added in the connection zone.

French company Peugeot in French patent No. 2536792, publ. 06/22/84, the use of a throttle washer or diffuser insert narrowing the inlet section of the intake pipe to reduce the noise of the intake of ICE with direct fuel injection is claimed. The throttle washer or diffuser insert to ensure the required efficiency is located in the antinode wave of the vibrational velocity of the gas stream at some given speed mode of operation of the internal combustion engine. An obvious disadvantage of the known inventive device is the increase in hydraulic resistance of the intake system due to the narrowing of the inlet section of the intake pipe and, as a consequence, the deterioration of power, economic and environmental (toxic) parameters of the internal combustion engine. Also, the location of the throttle washer or diffuser insert in one specific place of the intake path can effectively affect only one resonant frequency of pulsations and noise or odd harmonics multiple to it, i.e. there is a limited effect on the effectiveness of the individual high-speed modes of the internal combustion engine.

Siemens Bendix American Office in US Pat. No. 4,907,547, F02M 35/10, publ. 03/13/90, to suppress noise and ripple in the engine intake system

suggests using a special wave reflector located across the inlet pipe of one of the cylinders and a pair of cylinders on a rotating roller, which, turning, provides selective opening of one of the neighboring inlet pipes of the ICE cylinder.

The Japanese company Mazda Motors in EPP application No. 0376299, F02M 35/12, publ. 07/04/90, to suppress gas pulsations and noise in the intake system of the internal combustion engine, a special selective device is used to suppress each of the resonant harmonics of pulsations that are multiples of L. (0.5 + n) the lengths of the resonant waves of pulsations, where n is an integer equal to zero or more zero, and L, the wavelength.

The German company Volkswagen in the application of Germany No. 3742322, F02M 35/10, publ. 07.07.88, it is planned to dampen the fluctuations in the flow of intake air in the internal combustion engine due to the inclusion of an additional soothing receiver with elastic walls in the intake tract, in which, due to the elastic deformation of the receiver walls, due to the pulsating effect of the gas flow, pulsation energy will be converted into thermal energy

deformable elastic wall material with high internal friction of the material (rubber). The obvious disadvantages of such a system include the relative high cost of the device, the instability of the operational characteristics of the elastic wall, the relatively low durability, the risk of untreated air entering the ICE cylinders when the elastic wall is damaged, significant sound emission directly oscillating with high amplitudes of the pulsating elastic wall, etc.

Analyzing and summarizing the results of the above patent review, it should be concluded that the aforementioned known devices for improving acoustic characteristics and reducing gas-dynamic pulsations in the intake systems of ICEs and, accordingly, devices for improving their power, economic and environmental indicators are connected with the use of additional expansion or resonance chambers connected both parallel and sequentially to the intake tract, using

electronic systems for generating artificial antiphase signals to compensate for real pulsation and noise signals using

additional receivers, additional controlled air ducts and chambers with a variable volume, branched gas ducts with phase-controlled diffuser sections.

As a prototype, the design of a multi-cylinder ICE according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2107182, F02 M 35/10, publ. 03/20/98, BI No. 8, containing, in particular, a cylinder head with inlet openings, in which inlet valves are installed, inlet pipes equipped with fuel supply means (nozzles), departing directly from the inlet openings and exiting into the gas collection receiver, the side wall of which equipped with connecting

openings for said inlet pipes, and partially located in the cavity

receiver pipe, the internal dynamic slice of which is located in the plane,

in which the values of the oscillation levels of the sound pressure of the gas volume enclosed in the receiver’s cavity on the lower resonant intrinsic longitudinal form are minimal, and the outer cut is connected to the air cleaning systems (air cleaner) and air supply control systems (throttle body, flow meter).

The obvious disadvantages of the above internal combustion engine design include the following.

The relatively thin walls (side and end) used in the design of the receiver’s body, as a rule, do not provide, in some cases, sufficient bending stiffness and are therefore easily vibration-sounding, which leads to intensive generation of structural (body) noise by the said walls, features at the natural frequencies of wall vibrations. The location of the internal cut of the pipe in the cavity of the receiver according to the known technical solution, although it is optimal from the point of view of geometric acoustics (attenuation and transmission of excitation of the lower eigenmodes of the air cavity of the receiver), but is not optimal from the point of view of high-quality gas dynamics (filling) of the internal combustion engine air

charge. This, in particular, follows from figure 1 of the graphic part of the description (the direction of the sucked air flow is shown by arrows here). It can be seen that the intake air flows into the intake pipes 4 and 5 smoothly, at a small angle of rotation of the air flow, and the intake air flows into the intake pipes 6 and especially 7, sharply changing its direction, and the subsequent air flow direction changes to the opposite to the initial direction . This leads, among other things, to intensive vortex formation, turbulization of the air flow, an increase in hydraulic resistance, and other undesirable physical phenomena that adversely affect the operation of the internal combustion engine.

The solution to the technical problem of eliminating the above structural drawback is achieved by deliberately changing the design of the inner pipe and the geometry of the internal cavity of the receiver.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that in the well-known multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, containing, in particular, a cylinder head with inlet openings, in which inlet valves are installed, an intake manifold including inlet pipes extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into a common gas collection receiver, side the wall of which is provided with connecting holes for the said inlet pipes, and a pipe partially located in the receiver cavity, the internal free dynamic section of which is located in a flat a bridge in which the values of the oscillation levels of sound pressure of the gas volume enclosed in the receiver’s cavity on the lower resonant intrinsic longitudinal form are minimal, and the outer section of the nozzle is connected to the line with elements of air purification and air supply regulation, part of the nozzle located inside the cavity of the receiver’s body is partially formed the side wall of the receiver housing, partly its end wall and made curved, so that the internal free dynamic section of the pipe is turned towards the outlet single holes of the intake pipes of the intake manifold, while the cross-sectional area of the curved section of the pipe is not less than the cross-sectional area of the internal free section of the pipe.

The receiver body and the receiver pipe can be made in the form of a single non-separable monolithic block (cast or prefabricated from separate parts). Those. In this case, the receiver’s body and the receiver’s nozzle are, for example, made in the form of two parts, one-piece connected by one of the well-known technological methods, for example, by welding, with glue. In another embodiment, the receiver housing and the nozzle can be made in the form of a single monolithic part, which can be achieved by casting, hot molding. The receiver body and the nozzle are preferably made of a polymeric material. Stiffening ribs can be made on individual structural elements of the outer and / or inner surfaces of the walls of the receiver body.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of the receiver housing along the axis of the pipe.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the receiver housing along the axes of the intake pipes.

The multi-cylinder two contains a cylinder head with inlet openings in which inlet valves are installed, an intake manifold with inlet pipes 1 extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into a common gas collection receiver 2, the side wall 3 of which is provided with connecting holes 4 for said inlet pipes, and partially the internal pipe 5 of the receiver 2 located in the cavity of the Receiver, the internal free dynamic slice 6 of which is located in the XX plane, in which the sound level ovyh pressure gas volume enclosed in a cavity -n- receiver at the lower resonant own longitudinal form (mode) are minimal, and the outer section 7 is connected to the backbone elements with air cleaning and air supply regulation. Part 8 of the inner pipe 5, located inside the cavity of the receiver body, is partially formed by the outer side wall 3 of the receiver body, and partially by its end wall 9, and is made curved so that the inner free dynamic section 6 of the inner pipe 5 is turned towards the inlet connecting holes 4 pipes 1, while the cross-sectional area of the curved sections of the pipe 5 is not less than the cross-sectional area of the inner free slice 6.1 of the pipe 5.

The housing of the receiver 2 and the pipe 5, to ensure higher rigidity of the structure, can be made in the form of a single non-separable monolithic block. Those. In this case, the receiver body and the nozzle are made in the form of two parts, one-piece connected by one of the well-known technological methods, for example, welding, glue. In another embodiment, the design of the housing of the receiver 2 and the pipe 5 can be made in the form of a single monolithic part, which can be achieved by casting, hot molding. The receiver body and the pipe may be made of a polymer material. On separate fragments of the external and / or internal surfaces of the walls of the receiver body, stiffening ribs can be made.

The proposed multi-cylinder engine works in the usual way.

Opening the intake valve (s) in one of the internal combustion engine cylinders causes a pressure drop before and after the valve (in the engine cylinder with respect to the environment). Air pulsations and elastic rarefaction-compression waves of the air that fills the intake system path propagate with the speed of sound in the direction from the intake valve to the open cut of the air cleaner pipe, as well as in the direction of all free outlet dead end intake pipes with the intake valves closed. Those. a sound gasdynamic field of repeatedly reflected elastic waves is formed in the complex geometric volume of the intake system, with the leakage (radiation) of the energy of these elastic waves into the environment through a freely open section of the air intake of the air purifier in the form of sound.

In the multi-cylinder engine under consideration, part 8 of the inner pipe 5, located inside the cavity of the receiver housing, is partially formed by the outer side wall 3 of the receiver housing, and partially by its end wall 9, and is made curved so that the inner free dynamic cut 6 of the inner pipe 5 is turned to the side connecting holes 4 inlet pipes 1. This additionally leads to an increase in bending stiffness and weakening of the structural sound produced by the receiver. This is especially true for the design of a receiver made of polymer with a low Young's modulus

structure. At the same time, a more uniform distribution and filling of the air charge along the ICE cylinders is achieved upon suction, since the dynamic section 6 is oriented towards all the connecting holes 4 of the inlet pipes 1. The cross-sectional area of the bent section of the pipe is not less than the cross-sectional area of the internal free section the pipe 6, therefore, there is no increase in the hydraulic resistance of the air flow absorbed into the internal combustion engine.

Fig. 3 and figure 4 illustrate the acoustic efficiency of using the inventive device in comparison with the standard design of the receiver of the internal combustion engine intake system (without a curved inner pipe 5). As follows from the results of the experiment performed on a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine with a working volume of 1.5 liters at full engine load, the use of the inventive device allows to reduce the overall noise levels of the internal combustion engine by 3 dBA, which corresponds to a 2-fold decrease in sound energy per due to attenuation of sound energy radiation at the lower eigenmodes of the air cavity of the receiver (1000 ... 1600 Hz) by 10 ... 11 dB, which corresponds to a tenfold attenuation of sound energy.

Figs 5 and 6 illustrate the effect of using the inventive device in comparison with the standard receiver design of the ICE intake system (without a curved inner pipe) on the effective engine performance - the crankshaft torque Me and the effective power Ne. As follows from the results of an experiment performed on a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine with a working volume of 1.5 liters at full engine load, the use of the inventive device allows to increase the maximum torque by 4 nm (by 4%) and effective power - by 1.5 kW (by 1%)

The practical implementation of the proposed utility model is distinguished by technological simplicity, high reliability and efficiency.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head with inlet openings in which inlet valves are installed, an inlet manifold including inlet pipes extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into a common gas collection receiver, the side wall of which is provided with connecting openings for said inlet pipes, and partially a pipe located in the receiver’s cavity, the internal free dynamic section of which is located in a plane in which the values of the vibration levels of sound pressure of the gas the volume enclosed in the cavity of the receiver at the lowest resonant intrinsic longitudinal shape is minimal, and the outer section of the nozzle is connected to the highway with elements of air purification and air supply regulation, characterized in that the part of the nozzle located inside the cavity of the receiver’s body is partially formed by the side wall of the receiver’s body, partially with its end wall and is made curved, so that the internal free dynamic section of the nozzle faces the connecting holes of the inlet pipes second collector, wherein the cross-sectional area of the curved pipe portion is not less than the magnitude of internal cross-sectional area of the free cut pipe. 2. A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, characterized in that the receiver housing and the pipe are made in the form of a single, non-separable monolithic block. 3. A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, characterized in that the receiver body and pipe are made in the form of a single monolithic part.