RU2218466C2 - Multicylinder internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines with injection of fuel into cylinders. SUBSTANCE: proposed four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine contains intake branch pipes opening is gas collecting receiver and union installed coaxially along receiver space and secured on its end face wall, outlet of union being connected to engine air cleaning and fuel feed system. Inlet dynamic cut of union is located in gravity center of gas volume enclosed in receiver space. According to invention, cuts of intake branch pipes opening in receiver space and alternating according to cylinder firing order are arranged at different sides of plane intersection along normal the side wall of receiver and passing through center of gravity of volume of receiver space at a distance of 1/4L from said plane where L is length of receiver chamber. EFFECT: reduced noise, improved filling of cylinders. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building, in particular to multi-cylinder internal combustion engines with fuel injection into cylinders.

 The use of an electronic fuel injection system necessitates the introduction of devices into the design of an internal combustion engine (hereinafter ICE) that can significantly reduce the resonant amplitudes of the pulsations of the volumetric air flow rate (reduce hydraulic resistance) in the intake system path, in order to improve cylinder filling and increase effective power and economic indicators ICE. On the other hand, the suppression of resonant pulsations of gas in the intake system of the internal combustion engine is favorable from the point of view of reducing sound (noise) radiation into the environment produced by both the exit section of the air intake pipe of the air cleaner (aerodynamic noise) and the vibrating walls of the intake system elements (structural, cabinet noise )

 So, for example, the Japanese company "Yamaha Motor" in the application 61-244824, F 02 B 27/00, publ. 10.31.86, to reduce ripple and noise, suggests using two receivers, parallel and sequentially connected to the intake manifold route.

 The Japanese company "Honda Motor" in the application 63-219866, F 02 M 35/10, publ. 09/13/88, suggests using two separate air lines connecting the air cleaner and receiver with two controlled throttles to reduce noise during suction, which close the auxiliary channel at low speeds and open the condition of both connecting pipes at high speeds. The same company in the application 61-190159, F 02 M 35/12, publ. 14.01.87, in order to ensure sound attenuation in a wide range of frequencies, it proposes to connect two sound attenuation devices to the inlet pipe - a 1/4 dead-end wave resonator and a resonant chamber.

 EPO 0278117, F 02 B 27/00, publ. 08/08/88, to use the effects of increasing the filling of the cylinders by suppressing resonant pulsations of the gas by adding them in antiphase, it is proposed to use mutually agreed additional resonant tubes and an additional receiver.

 The Austrian company "AVL" in the application of Germany 3820607, F 01 B 25/00, publ. 12.29.88, to expand the frequency range of the effective operation of the additional acoustic resonator, it is proposed to carry out its design of a variable volume, which is adjustable depending on the speed of rotation of the crankshaft.

 Japanese company "Nippon Radzieta" in the application of Japan 62-48047, F 01 M 1/02, publ. 12.10.87, proposes to use an anti-resonant inlet pipe, including a controlled source of noise or vibration, an electromagnetic valve, receiving acoustic sensors, and a control processor, in order to increase the effect of noise suppression instead of using large-sized complex silencer designs.

 Japanese company "Hitachi seisakuse" in the application of Japan 2-4840, F 16 L 55/04, publ. 01/30/90, to reduce fluctuations in the piping system, it proposes that the pipeline branch into at least two channels, at different distances from the branch point, place expansion chambers that reflect direct incident sound waves back to the pulsation source (engine cylinder), and the distance between the chamber walls is selected in a certain way.

 The English branch of the company "Ford Motor" in the application of the UK 2203488, F 02 B 29/00, publ. 10.19.88, to suppress pulsations of gas and noise in the intake manifold provides for the installation of the device "anti-sound" in the form of a special loudspeaker or a special tank with an electrovalve.

 Japanese company Nissan Jidosia in Japanese application 51-23656, F 02 B 37/00, publ. 05/08/89, to reduce the noise of the intake of the internal combustion engine and increase its power due to the reduction of the reverse current of the charge air, it is proposed to use a special design of the silencer in the form of an expansion chamber with inner tubes of a certain ratio of diameters and a certain distance between the pipe sections.

 Siemens Canada's Canadian branch in US Pat. No. 4,934,343, F 02 M 35/00, for damping gas flow noise without significantly affecting the hydraulic resistance of the inlet tract, provides for the use of two diffuser sections in a bifurcated section of the gas pipeline, providing phase shift and compensation of pulsation amplitudes when they are added in the connection zone.

 The French company "Peugeot" in French patent 2536792, publ. 06/22/84, the use of a throttling washer inlet pipe narrowing orifice or a diffuser insert to reduce the noise of an ICE intake with direct fuel injection is claimed. The throttle washer or diffuser insert to ensure the required efficiency is located in the antinode wave of the vibrational velocity of the gas stream at some given speed mode of operation of the internal combustion engine. An obvious disadvantage of the device is the increase in hydraulic resistance of the intake system due to narrowing of the bore and, as a consequence, the deterioration of power, economic and environmental (toxic) parameters of ICE. Also, the location of the throttle washer or diffuser insert in one specific place of the inlet path allows you to effectively act on only one resonant frequency and multiple odd harmonics, i.e. there is a limited impact on individual high-speed engine operation modes.

 American branch of Siemens-Bendix in US patent 4907547, F 02 M 35/10, publ. 03/13/90, to suppress noise and ripple in the intake system of the engine, it is proposed to use a special wave reflector located across the inlet pipe of one of the cylinders and a pair of cylinders on a rotating roller, which, when turned, provides selective opening of one of the neighboring inlet pipes of the engine cylinder.

 The Japanese company Mazda Motor in ЕВП 0376299, F 02 M 35/12, publ. 07/04/90, to suppress gas pulsations and noise in the intake system of the internal combustion engine, a special device is provided for suppressing each of the resonant harmonics of pulsations that are multiples of λ (0.5 + n) the lengths of the resonant waves of pulsations, where n is an integer equal to zero or more zero.

 The German company "Volkswagen" in the application of Germany 3742322, F 02 M 35/10, publ. 07.07.88, it is planned to dampen the fluctuations in the flow of intake air in the internal combustion engine due to the inclusion of an additional “soothing” receiver with elastic walls in the intake duct, in which pulsed energy will be converted into thermal energy in the elastic energy due to the pulsating action of the receiver walls wall material with high internal friction of the material (rubber). The obvious disadvantages of such a system include the relative high cost of the device, the instability of the operational characteristics of the elastic wall, low durability, the risk of untreated air entering the ICE cylinders when the elastic wall is damaged, significant sound emission directly from the “pulsating” elastic wall, etc.

 Analyzing and summarizing the results of the above patent review, it should be concluded that the above devices to improve acoustic performance and reduce gas-dynamic pulsations in the intake systems of ICEs and, accordingly, improve their power, economic and environmental performance are associated with the use of additional expansion or resonance chambers connected in parallel and sequentially to the intake tract, using electronic systems for the formation of artificial antiphase x signals to compensate actual signals ripple and noise, using additional receivers, additional controlled ducts and chambers with variable volume, branched gazovodov fazoupravlyaemymi with diffuser sections.

 As a prototype adopted ICE, patent of the Russian Federation 2095612, cl. F 02 M 35/10, publ. 11/10/97, bull. 31, comprising a cylinder head with inlet openings in which inlet valves are installed, provided with fuel supply means (for example, nozzles) inlet pipes extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into a gas collection receiver having a cylindrical body bounded by end walls and connected to the air cleaning and fuel supply system , the side wall of which is provided with connecting holes for the named pipes, and installed in the cavity of the receiver, mounted on its side wall the nozzle, the output of which is connected to the engine’s air purification and fuel supply system, and the input dynamic section is located at the center of gravity of the gas volume enclosed in the nozzle cavity.

 In the prototype, there is a traditional connection of the inlet pipes to the receiver body in a line along the axis of its body, which, despite the compactness of this design solution, leads to the excitation of longitudinal eigenmodes of air volume oscillations enclosed in the receiver cavity, since each of the outgoing when opening the corresponding inlet valve into the cavity of the receiver of inlet nozzle sections, it creates a power impulse of the gas volume flow, the vector of which is at some distance relative to the cent and gravity of said gas volume. The moment of action of this power impulse also ensures the buildup of longitudinal acoustic forms of air volume oscillations in the receiver cavity. The sound energy arising from this on this resonant acoustic mode is transmitted to the path of the engine intake system and is radiated into the environment by a free cut of the intake pipe.

 The technical problem associated with the weakening of the dynamic excitation of the air cavity of the receiver is solved by the optimal location of the sections of the inlet pipes inside this cavity.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the well-known four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine with a predetermined order of operation of the cylinders, comprising a cylinder head with inlet openings in which inlet valves are installed, inlet nozzles extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into the gas collection receiver, the side wall of which is provided with connecting holes for the named pipes, and coaxially mounted along the cavity of the receiver, mounted on its end wall fitting, the output of which is connected to air purification and fuel supply of the engine, and the inlet dynamic section of the nozzle is located at the center of gravity of the gas volume enclosed in the receiver cavity, the inlet pipe sections extending into the receiver cavity, alternating in accordance with the established order of operation of the cylinders, are placed on opposite sides from the plane crossing along the normal the side wall of the receiver and passing through the center of gravity of the volume of the cavity of the receiver, at a distance of 1/4 of the length of the receiver’s camera from the named plane.

 In addition, when the ICE cylinders are operated according to the 1-3-3-2 scheme, the first and third sections and the fourth and second sections of the inlet pipes can preferably be located diagonally in the receiver cavity. In turn, when the ICE cylinders are operated according to the 1-2-4-3 scheme, the first and second sections and the fourth and third sections of the inlet pipes can preferably be located diagonally in the receiver cavity.

 With this design, the sections of the inlet pipes turn out to be located in the nodal plane of the second longitudinal lower intrinsic vibration mode of the air volume enclosed in the receiver cavity (this form is intensively excited by the dynamic section of the nozzle), and this leads to the fact that this mode is practically not passed through the inlet pipes neither to the side of the intake valves, nor to the side of the air purification and fuel supply system, and as a result, into the environment. In addition, the arrangement of successively inlet sections of the inlet pipes (in accordance with the order of operation of the ICE cylinders) at opposite equidistant distances from the center of gravity of the volume of the air cavity of the receiver, in the intervals between the phases of the processes of subsequent inlets mutually compensates for exciting pulses propagating into the receiver cavity from two simultaneously open inlet valves.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of the inventive internal combustion engine with the established order of operation of the cylinders 1-3-4-2. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the inventive internal combustion engine with the established order of operation of the cylinders 1-2-4-3.

 The four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine with the established order of operation of the cylinders contains a cylinder head 1 with inlet openings 2 in which inlet valves 3 are installed, inlet pipes 4 ... 7 extending directly from inlet openings 2 and exiting into the gas collection receiver 8, the side wall of which is equipped with connecting openings for the named branch pipes 4.. .7, and a nozzle 10, coaxially mounted along the cavity of the receiver 8, mounted on its end wall 9, the outlet of which is connected to the ICE air purification and fuel supply system 11, and the input dynamic section 12 of the nozzle 10 is located in the center of gravity (CT) of the gas volume enclosed in cavity of the receiver 8. Sections 13 ... 16, respectively, of the inlet nozzles 4. extending into the cavity of the receiver 8, respectively .. ..7 are placed in pairs in the X-X and YY planes, normally intersecting the side wall of the receiver 8 and located 1 / 4L from the central heating channel, where L is the length of the inner cavity of the camera res Figure 8. When the ICE cylinders operate according to the 1-3-3-2 scheme, the first 13 and third 14 sections, as well as the fourth 15 and second 16 sections of the corresponding inlet pipes 4 ... 7 are located in the cavity of the receiver 8 on opposite sides symmetrically with respect to the plane ZZ, passing through the central center and crossing the side wall of the receiver along the normal 8. When the ICE cylinders operate according to the 1-2-4-3 scheme, the sections of the inlet pipes of the first and second cylinders, as well as the fourth and third cylinders are symmetrically located in the cavity of the receiver 8 on opposite sides regarding n oskosti Z-Z, passing through CG and normal intersecting the side wall of the receiver 8. Additionally shown air cleaner 17 and the air intake pipe.

 The internal combustion engine works in the usual way.

 Opening the intake valve 3 (s) in one of the internal combustion engine cylinders causes a pressure differential before and after valve 3 (in the engine cylinder with respect to the environment). Air pulsations and elastic rarefaction-compression waves of the air medium filling the intake system path propagate with the speed of sound in the direction from the intake valve 3 to the open cut of the air intake pipe 18 of the air purifier 17, as well as in the direction of all free outlet blind channels (intake pipes) of the intake path with closed intake valves 3. I.e. a sound gasdynamic field of repeatedly reflected elastic waves is formed in the complex geometric volume of the intake system, with the leakage (radiation) of the energy of these elastic waves into the environment through a freely open section of the air intake pipe 18 of the air cleaner 17 in the form of sound.

 As already noted above, the sections of the inlet nozzles are located in the nodal plane of the oscillations of the second longitudinal lower intrinsic vibration mode of the air volume of the receiver cavity (this form is intensively excited by the dynamic section of the nozzle). This leads to the fact that this mode is practically not passed through the inlet pipes either to the side of the intake valves or to the side of the air purification and fuel supply system, and as a result, into the environment. At the same time, the first longitudinal lowest intrinsic vibrational mode of the air volume of the receiver cavity by the dynamic slice 12 of the nozzle 10 is not excited, since the slice 12 is located in the center of the volume of the receiver cavity, which corresponds to its location in the nodal plane of this oscillation mode. In addition, the arrangement of successively inlet sections of the inlet pipes (in accordance with the order of operation of the ICE cylinders) on both sides symmetrically with respect to the Z-Z plane makes it possible to sequentially equalize (compensate) the dynamic excitation of the air cavity at the moments of overlap of the intake phases.

Claims (3)

1. Four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine containing a cylinder head with inlet openings in which inlet valves are installed, inlet nozzles extending directly from the inlet openings and exiting into the gas collection receiver, the side wall of which is provided with connecting holes for the said nozzles, and coaxially mounted along the cavity receiver mounted on its end wall fitting, the output of which is connected to the system of air purification and fuel supply of the engine, and the input din The cut of the nozzle is located in the center of gravity of the gas volume enclosed in the receiver’s cavity, characterized in that the sections of the inlet pipes extending into the receiver’s cavity are alternated in accordance with the established order of operation of the cylinders, located on opposite sides of the plane that normally intersects the receiver’s side wall and passes through the center of gravity of the volume of the receiver’s cavity at a distance of 1 / 4L from the named plane, where L is the length of the receiver’s chamber. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating order of the engine cylinders corresponds to a circuit 1-3-4-2, while sections of 1, 3 and 4, 2 of the intake pipes are located diagonally in the receiver cavity. 3. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the operating order of the engine cylinders corresponds to the 1-2-4-3 scheme, while sections of the intake pipes 1, 2 and 4, 3 are located diagonally in the receiver cavity.

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