RU2851192C1 - Roller crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for grinding bulk products in the food industry and grain feed in feed production to obtain feed, at livestock complexes, farms, and private subsidiary farms. The roller crusher contains a crushing chamber 1, inside which there is a corrugated deck 2 and a crushing rotor 3. The crushing chamber 1 consists of two parallel support plates 4 resting on the frame 5 and two coaxially located bearing plates 6 with axial holes, rigidly connected by bolts 7 to the support plates 4. The crushing rotor 3 is cylindrical in shape with a corrugated surface, with the corrugations 8 located along the axis of rotation so that they can come into contact with the material being processed. The crushing rotor 3 is mounted on bearings 9, which are located in housings 10 rigidly fastened with bolts 11 to the bearing plates 6. A corrugated deck 2 is installed under the crushing rotor 3, the corrugations 12 of which are located along the axis of rotation of the crushing rotor 3. The upper part of the corrugated deck 2 is movably fastened with bolts 13 to the support plates, and the middle part rests on an adjustment screw 14. In the lower part of the crushing chamber 1, there is a chute 15 for removing the crushed material. The hopper 16 is rigidly fastened with bolts 17 to the support plates 4, and in the lower part of the hopper body, there is a damper 18 for changing the feed of the crushed material into the crushing chamber 1.

EFFECT: increased reliability, productivity and reduced energy costs when crushing materials of various mechanical compositions.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for grinding bulk products in the food industry and grain feed in feed production for the preparation of feed, at livestock complexes, farms, farm enterprises, private subsidiary farms and other branches of industry.

A rotary crusher is known, consisting of a housing and a drive rotor, crushing and unloading chambers, and a loading hopper connected to a stator, located in its cavity, wherein the crushing chamber and rotor are designed with the possibility of interaction during crushing of the initial product (see patent RU No. 2205694, IPC B02C 13/06, published 10.06.2003).

The disadvantage of this crusher is the over-grinding of the crushed material and the lack of the ability to adjust the position of the working elements, which limits its functionality and versatility.

A known rotary crusher consists of a crushing chamber containing a guide plate, a grooved deck, and a working element shaped like a cylindrical polyhedron and positioned coaxially with the drive. For the discharge of crushed grain, the crusher has a nozzle welded to the bottom of the crushing chamber, and a loading hopper is located in the upper part of the chamber (see RU Patent No. 92003399, IPC B02C 13/02, published May 10, 1995).

A disadvantage of this crusher is the low efficiency of the working element. The feed of crushed material into the crushing chamber is not adjustable. Clogging of the crushing chamber by excessive crushed material is possible. The clearance between the rotor and the deck cannot be adjusted.

The closest in technical essence and achieved result to the claimed object is a feed crusher containing a crushing chamber, inside which there is a ribbed deck and a crushing rotor made in the form of a cylindrical polyhedron, installed with the possibility of each of its faces contacting the material (see patent RU No. 2105609, IPC B02C 13/02, published 02/27/1998).

A disadvantage of this design is low material crushing efficiency due to incomplete utilization of the rotor's working surface. Most of the surface, being flat, does not ensure consistent material crushing. Therefore, only six faces are utilized most effectively during the crushing stage. The crushing process produces a product with varying particle size distribution. The clearance between the rotor and the deck cannot be adjusted.

The problem addressed by the claimed invention is the creation of a crusher design with an additional device for regulating the granulometric composition of the crushed material, reducing dust fractions and the energy consumption of the material crushing process.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the invention is expressed in increased reliability, productivity, and reduced energy costs when crushing materials of various mechanical compositions.

The specified technical result is achieved by a roller crusher comprising a crushing chamber 1, inside which a riffle deck 2 and a crushing rotor 3 are located, wherein the crushing chamber 1 consists of two parallel supporting plates 4 resting on a frame 5 and two coaxially located with axial openings, bearing plates 6 rigidly connected by bolts 7 to the supporting plates 4, and a crushing rotor 3 of cylindrical shape with a riffle surface, the riffles 8 of which are located along the axis of rotation with the possibility of their contact with the material being processed is mounted on bearings 9, which are located in housings 10 rigidly fixed by bolts 11 to the bearing plates 6, a riffle deck 2 is installed under the crushing rotor 3, the riffles 12 of which are located along the axis of rotation of the crushing rotor 3, the upper part of which is movably fastened by bolts 13 to the bearing plates 6, and the middle part rests on adjusting screw 14, in the lower part of crushing chamber 1 there is a tray 15 for removing crushed material, hopper 16 is rigidly fastened with bolts 17 to support plates 4, and in the lower part of the hopper body there is a valve 18 for changing the feed of crushed material into crushing chamber 1.

The information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention is as follows.

The invention is explained by drawings. Fig. 1 shows the structural and technological diagram of a roller crusher, front view, the protective cover of the belt drive has been removed; Fig. 2 - crushing chamber, front view; Fig. 3 - crushing chamber, top view, hopper has been removed; Fig. 4 - the same, side view.

The roller crusher (Fig. 1) consists of a crushing chamber 1, inside which a riffle deck 2 and a crushing rotor 3 are located. The crushing chamber 1 consists of two parallel supporting plates 4 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4) resting on a frame 5 and two coaxially located with axial openings of the bearing plates 6 rigidly connected by bolts 7 to the supporting plates 4 and a crushing rotor 3 of cylindrical shape with a riffle surface of the ribs 8, which are located along the axis of rotation with the possibility of their contact with the material being processed, mounted on bearings 9, which are located in housings 10 rigidly fixed with bolts 11 to the bearing plates 6, under the crushing rotor 3 a riffle deck 2 of the ribs 12 is installed, the upper part of which is located along the axis of rotation of the crushing rotor 3, which is movably fastened by bolts 13 to the bearing plates plates 6, and the middle part rests on the adjusting screw 14; in the lower part of the crushing chamber 1 there is a chute 15 (Fig. 1) for removing the crushed material. The hopper 16 is rigidly fastened with bolts (17) to the support plates (4) (Fig. 2), and in the lower part of the hopper body there is a damper (18) for changing the feed of the crushed material into the crushing chamber (1). To drive the crushing rotor 3 (Fig. 1), a V-belt transmission 19 is used, which transmits rotation from the electric motor 20 having a pulley 21 on the shaft to the pulley 22 mounted on the shaft of the crushing rotor 3.

The proposed roller crusher operates as follows.

From the hopper 16, the material for crushing enters the crushing chamber 1, installed on the frame 5, the crushed material leaves the chamber through the chute 15 (Fig. 1). The process of movement of the original and crushed material in the crushing chamber is shown by arrows in (Fig. 4) to the crushing rotor 3, which is mounted on bearings 9, located in housings 10 rigidly fastened with bolts 11 to the supporting plates 6, with its ribs 8 it strikes the grain located on the ribs 12 of the deck 2, crushing it by crushing to the required sizes with a minimum amount of flour fractions. The crushed material enters the chute 15 (Fig. 1) and exits the crushing chamber 1. The amount of material entering the crushing chamber 1 for crushing is regulated by the valve 18 (Fig. 1, Fig. 4), and the amount of crushing is regulated by changing the gap ΔS by moving the deck 2 movably secured with bolts 13 to the supporting plates 6 with the adjusting screw 14.

The V-belt drive performs an additional function as a safety device to protect the working parts of the crushing chamber from breakage due to increased feed of raw materials or the ingress of foreign objects due to slippage.

The proposed crusher provides control over the material crushing process by adjusting the position of the deck with a ribbed surface relative to the crushing rotor.

Allows for the production of optimal particle size distribution without interrupting the crushing process, which significantly reduces the energy consumption of the crushing process and increases the productivity and reliability of the working parts.

Thus, the declared design of a roller crusher with a device for regulating the granulometric composition of the crushed material ensures increased reliability, productivity, and reduced energy costs when crushing materials of different mechanical compositions.

Claims (1)

A roller crusher comprising a crushing chamber within which a riffle deck and a crushing rotor are located, characterized in that the crushing chamber consists of two parallel support plates resting on a frame and two coaxially located with axial openings of the bearing plates rigidly connected by bolts to the supporting plates, and a crushing rotor of cylindrical shape with a riffle surface, the riffles of which are located along the axis of rotation with the possibility of their contact with the material being processed, is mounted on bearings that are located in housings rigidly secured with bolts to the bearing plates, a riffle deck is installed under the crushing rotor, the riffles of which are located along the axis of rotation of the crushing rotor, the upper part of which is movably secured with bolts to the bearing plates, and the middle part rests on an adjusting screw, in the lower part of the crushing chamber there is a chute for removing crushed material, a hopper is rigidly secured with bolts to the supporting plates, and in the lower part of the hopper body there is a damper to change the feed of crushed material into the crushing chamber.