RU2847715C1 - Method for conducting balneotherapy for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; balneotherapy.

SUBSTANCE: intended for general health improvement, prevention of colds and treatment of chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract in sanatorium-resort treatment and medical rehabilitation programmes for respiratory diseases, as well as an additional health procedure to boost immunity and increase the body's resistance to colds. An aqueous solution consisting of a thick extract of liquorice root (at a rate of 150 ml per 200 litres of water) with a content of glycyrrhizic acid of at least 18% at least 10.6% sucrose and liquid bath concentrate "Pinimentol" containing eucalyptus oil, natural camphor and menthol (at a rate of 10 ml per 200 litres of water). Foam is produced by using air pressure from a compressor through a 0.4-0.8 MPa receiver; the pressure supplied to the bubble grid is maintained at no more than 0.4 MPa throughout the entire 20-minute procedure. Method for administering balneotherapy-sweet baths with pinimenthol for adults: the bath is administered at an indifferent temperature of 36-37°C; duration - 12-15 minutes; the first 2 procedures - every other day, then - daily; for a course of treatment - 10-12 procedures. Method of administering balneotherapy baths with pinimenthol for children: the bath is administered at an indifferent temperature - 36-37°C; duration - 8-10 minutes; the first 3 procedures - every other day, then - daily; for a course of treatment - 8-10 procedures.

EFFECT: enhancement of the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and sedative therapeutic effects caused by the combined action of the balneo-sweet bath and pinimenthol, providing a more pronounced positive therapeutic effect than the individual effects of each.

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Description

Method of balneotherapy for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to medicine, specifically balneotherapy. It is intended for general health improvement, cold prevention, and treatment of chronic respiratory inflammation in spa treatment programs and medical rehabilitation for respiratory diseases, as well as as an additional wellness treatment to boost immunity and increase the body's resistance to colds.

State of the art

Essential oils are indispensable in the treatment and prevention of colds and respiratory illnesses. They can be applied topically through inhalation or added to bath water. Pinimenthol bath concentrate contains eucalyptus essential oils, natural camphor, and menthol.

During such a bath, essential oils penetrate the body through the skin and settle on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The procedure has a relaxing effect, improving breathing, helping to clear mucus from the respiratory tract, and reducing congestion in the lungs.

Pinimenthol baths are used for general health improvement, cold prevention, and the treatment of chronic respiratory inflammation. There is no age limit for these baths. These treatments are contraindicated in those with general contraindications to baths (see the website of the VICTORIA sanatorium, Kislovodsk).

There are no age restrictions for baths. These treatments are contraindicated in those with general contraindications to baths.

At the Kirov Sanatorium in Yalta, they use "Pinimenthol" filler from Spitzner, a world-renowned specialist in herbal medicines. It contains eucalyptus oil, natural camphor, and menthol. When inhaled, the active ingredients penetrate the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, reducing inflammation, reducing swelling, and facilitating breathing. When taking a pinimenthol bath, the components penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream, from where they reach the respiratory tract, promoting mucus removal. The aroma of essential oils promotes complete relaxation. A course of treatments consolidates the therapeutic effect of the combined treatment and improves immunity.

Pinimenthol baths for children are used for supportive therapy for acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Symptomatic treatment of colds in children has its own specifics. Children suffer from coughs, runny noses, and sore throats much more often than adults, and are also more sensitive to certain substances. Therefore, the essential oils used in the "pinimenthol for children" bath are carefully selected and dosed accordingly; menthol and camphor are excluded from the formula.

Active ingredients: eucalyptus essential oils.

Dosage: 15 ml of liquid concentrate is diluted under running water to the total volume of the bath.

Water temperature: 35-38°C.

Duration of the procedure: 10-20 minutes; frequency of baths – 3-4 times a week.

The therapeutic effect of licorice foam baths is based on the biologically active components found in licorice root. Preparations based on this medicinal plant have long been used in medicine as an effective treatment for respiratory problems and immune system enhancement.

Licorice rhizome contains glycyrrhizin, a triterpene saponin with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antiallergic effects. Glycyrrhizin reduces platelet aggregation, neutralizes inflammation, and promotes ulcer healing [Starokozhko L. E., Kozlov V. A., Shchetinin E. V., Gorbunkov V. Ya., Shevchenko A. M. Results of an experimental study of the immunomodulatory properties of licorice root preparations – the basis for the concept of their use in COVID-19 coronavirus infection. Spa Medicine. 2021; 2: 35-39].

Glycyrrhizic acid is an inhibitor of the 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme in the kidneys, which reduces cortisone levels. This enzyme maintains an optimal balance of potassium and sodium in the blood. The antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid is known to be mediated through its immunostimulatory effect, specifically through T-cell function and their production of interferon-γ [Mikhailova N.N., Matasyants A. Antiviral action of glycyrrhizic acid. Les Nouwelles Esthetig. 2020. https://mdpress.ru; Mandrykina Zh.A., Dobrokhotova Yu.E., Ibragimova D.M., Kazieva M.D., Filimonova M.S., Shimanovsky N.L., Akhmetgaliev A.R. Evaluation of the efficacy of activated glycyrrhizic acid in patients with HPV-associated cervical lesions, taking into account the level of sex steroid and gonadotropic peptide hormones. RMJ. Mother and Child. 2024; 7(2):127-134].

The antioxidant effect of triterpene saponins (glycyrrhizic acid) is also well known and is associated with the suppression of thromboxane synthesis [Tolstikov G.A., Baltina L.A., Shults E.E., Pokrovsky A.G. Glycyrrhizic acid. Bioorganic chemistry. 1997;23(9):691-709].

The high adaptogen content increases the body's overall resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, the plant is rich in coumarins, terpene compounds (saponins), sterols, bioflavonoids, and minerals such as iron, copper, selenium, zinc, manganese, and potassium. To prepare a foamy licorice bath, licorice root extract is added to warm water and stirred, creating a thick foam. A foamy licorice bath does not create hydrostatic pressure on the body, which is especially important for patients with cardiovascular problems. The gentle effect of this physiotherapy procedure makes it suitable for elderly people with weakened health and young children, of course, under the recommendation of a physician.

Taking a licorice foam bath is accompanied by increased sweating, the removal of toxins and waste from the body, and the activation of metabolic processes. After taking a therapeutic bath, you will notice an increase in energy and mood, a reduction in chronic fatigue and nervous tension, and improved sleep [Source: https://wow-guides.ru/articles/chem-polezny-penno-solodkovye-vanny.html].

A method for performing a foam-licorice bath is known from patent RU 2421204 published on 20.06.2011, which includes the use of a thick licorice root extract (DRLE). The method involves using DRLE in an amount of 50 to 150 ml with a glycyrrhizic acid content of 12-14% or more, while foam is formed using air pressure of 300-400 kPa before immersing the patient in the bath, with its subsequent reduction to 100-150 kPa and maintaining it throughout the procedure after immersing the patient in the bath; in the presence of secondary immunodeficiency in patients with allergic diseases, the duration of the procedure is up to 10 minutes, and 10-15 minutes in pathology caused by secondary immunodeficiency without allergic diseases. We have adopted this known method as the closest analogue (prototype).

Thus, at present, either foam-licorice baths or baths with pine menthol are used in balneological treatment.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of balneological treatment by using a balneo-licorice bath with pinimenthol for general health improvement, prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and colds of the upper respiratory tract to eliminate the chronic inflammatory process in the respiratory tract as part of spa treatment and medical rehabilitation of respiratory diseases.

The technical result: enhanced anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and sedative therapeutic effects due to the combined action of a balneo-licorice bath and pinementhol, providing a more pronounced positive therapeutic effect than with the use of each alone. The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and sedative effects of a balneo-licorice bath are due to the presence of biologically active substances in licorice root—bioflavonoids, sterols, and steroidal saponins (glycyrrhizic acid, an inhibitor of the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). The presence of essential oils of eucalyptus, camphor and menthol in pinementhol, containing a high concentration of biologically active substances (terpene compounds; microelements (iron, copper, selenium, zinc, manganese, potassium) contributes to the formation of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cardiotropic, antimicrobial, secretolytic and expectorant therapeutic effects.

A method for carrying out balneotherapy for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract is declared, which consists in the fact that to fill a bath, an aqueous solution is used, consisting of 200 liters of water, 150 ml of a thick extract of licorice root with a glycyrrhizic acid content of at least 18%, sucrose of at least 10.6%, and 10 ml of a liquid bath concentrate "Pinimenthol" containing eucalyptus oil, natural camphor and menthol, while air is pumped into the bath with a compressor through a receiver at a pressure of 0.4-0.8 MPa, and also throughout the procedure lasting 20 minutes, a pressure of no more than 0.4 MPa is supplied to the bubble grid, for adults balneotherapy is carried out at a temperature of 36-37 ° C; duration 12-15 minutes; the first 2 procedures - every other day, then - daily; The course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures. For children, balneotherapy is performed at a temperature of 36-37°C; duration – 8-10 minutes; the first 3 procedures – every other day, then – daily; the course of treatment consists of 8-10 procedures.

The method is carried out as follows:

On the bottom of a bathtub made of artificial stone of the AquaStone Country brand (height 57 cm, depth 48 cm, width 94 cm, length 188 cm, volume 320 l), filled with water:

for children, the volume of water is 161 l, the water level from the bottom of the bath is 15 cm, the water temperature is 37°C;

for adults, the water volume is 215 l, the water level from the bottom of the bath is 20 cm, the water temperature is 37°C;

is poured:

1. thick licorice root extract - thick licorice root extract (GOST-22840-77, manufacturer: Limited Liability Partnership "Licorice of the Urals", Republic of Kazakhstan) at the rate of 150 ml per 200 liters of water, containing at least 18% glycyrrhizic acid and at least 10.6% sucrose;

2. liquid bath concentrate "Pinimenthol", containing essential oils of eucalyptus, natural camphor, menthol (at the rate of 10 ml per 200 l of water).

Foam formation is achieved by using compressor air pressure through a receiver of 0.4-0.8 MPa, the pressure supplied to the bubble grid is maintained at a level of no more than 0.4 MPa throughout the entire procedure lasting 20 minutes.

Examples of use of the invention.

Case Study 1. Patient B., 56, was undergoing spa treatment at the Victoria Sanatorium, a Kislovodsk branch of JSC CSTE (holding company). He was diagnosed with chronic mucopurulent bronchitis with obstructive syndrome in unstable remission. He had grade 0-1 respiratory failure. Signed informed consent for treatment and personal data processing were the conditions for initiating treatment.

The patient has a history of exacerbations of the disease - 3-4 times a year, the presence of bad habits (smoking - up to 1 pack a day; work in hazardous conditions - chemical compounds).

At the beginning of the course of spa treatment, the patient complained of a cough with difficult-to-separate mucopurulent sputum, especially in the morning, increased sweating, fatigue, and irritability.

On examination: Skin is dry, pale; peripheral lymph nodes (submandibular, cervical, occipital, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary, elbow, cubital, inguinal) are not visualized, painless; percussion - pulmonary sound; auscultation - bronchial breathing is hard with widespread dry wheezing, respiratory rate is 20 per minute; heart sounds are muffled, systolic noise is noted at the apex; the tongue is coated with a yellowish coating, the abdomen is soft, painless, participates in the act of breathing; the percussion symptom is negative on both sides; physiological functions are normal. The severity of dyspnea according to the Medical Research Council (mMRC) is 1.6 points, according to the Borg scale - 4 points; exercise tolerance according to the six-minute walk test – 384 m.

Spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 second – 79.2.

Laboratory tests: peripheral blood leukocyte count is 7.6 x 109/l; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is 15 mm/h; interleukin-1β is 55.4 pg/ml, interleukin-4 is 14.2 pg/ml, tumor necrosis factor-α is 57.6 pg/ml; ceruloplasmin is 114 g/l, catalase is 61.4%; alpha interferon is 122 pg/ml, gamma interferon is 73.5 pg/ml.

Chest X-ray data: vertical position of the heart, increased pulmonary markings, thickening of the diaphragm.

The patient underwent planned spa treatment:

- gentle training mode;

- a general version of the standard diet;

- terrain cure the first 2 days – route 1, then route 2, daily, for a course of 15 procedures;

- aeroionophytotherapy on terrain cure routes, daily, for a course of 15 procedures;

- medicinal inhalations with berodual 0.5 mg + 0.25 mg) / 1 ml (take a deep breath, while quickly pressing on the bottom of the can until one inhalation dose is released; then hold your breath for a few seconds, remove the tip from your mouth and exhale slowly; repeat the steps to obtain the second inhalation dose); 1 time per day, daily, for a course of 10 procedures;

- peloidointerference therapy: mud temperature – 39-40°C, current strength in pairs of electrodes – 30 mA, beat frequency – 100 Hz, duration of procedures – 20 min, every other day, course of 12 procedures;

- low-frequency ultrasound therapy: procedures are carried out using a labile technique in a pulsed-intermittent mode, constantly moving the emitter in smooth circular movements over the skin of the chest; dosing is carried out according to intensity; 10-12 daily procedures are carried out for a total duration of 15 minutes; 1 time per day, daily, for a course of 10 procedures;

- back massage, duration 25 min, No. 8 per course of treatment;

- balneo-licorice baths with pinementhol: at an indifferent temperature of 36-37°C; duration - 15 minutes; the first 2 procedures - every other day, then - daily; the course of treatment - 10 procedures.

At the end of the spa treatment course, the therapeutic measures taken were assessed. Subjectively, the patient reported improved health, a significant decrease in cough, mucous sputum, and a significant reduction in sweating, fatigue, and irritability. Objectively: percussion – pulmonary sound; auscultation – bronchial breathing with isolated dry rales, respiratory rate – 18 per minute; muffled heart sounds, systolic murmur at the apex; tongue with a yellowish coating, abdomen soft, painless, participating in the act of respiration; percussion symptom is negative on both sides; physiological functions are normal. The severity of dyspnea according to the Medical Research Council (mMRC) is 0.7 points, according to the Borg scale – 1 point; tolerance to physical exertion according to the six-minute walk test is 528 m.

Spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 second – 81.4.

Laboratory tests: peripheral blood leukocyte count is 5.3 x 109/l; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is 10 mm/h; interleukin-1β is 24.1 pg/ml, interleukin-4 is 29.6 pg/ml, tumor necrosis factor-α is 28.9 pg/ml; ceruloplasmin is 198 g/l, catalase is 74.3%; alpha interferon is 248 pg/ml, gamma interferon is 108.2 pg/ml.

Chest X-ray data: positive dynamics, vertical position of the heart, increased pulmonary pattern, thickening of the diaphragm.

Analysis of clinical, functional and laboratory parameters of patient B., 56 years old, before and after spa treatment indicated significant stimulation of the mechanisms of mucociliary transport and non-specific anti-infective defense, training and restoration of the compensatory capabilities of the bronchopulmonary system and the body as a whole, increased tolerance to physical activity, and restoration of his quality of life.

Overall, the analysis of this case demonstrates the high effectiveness of spa treatment that includes balneotherapy with licorice baths and pinementhol for chronic bronchitis with obstructive syndrome in the unstable remission phase. This promotes the development of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cardiotropic, antimicrobial, secretolytic, and expectorant therapeutic effects in patients, leading to the restoration of their physical and mental health.

1. Clinical Case 2. Patient S., 8 years old, was undergoing spa treatment at the Victoria Sanatorium, a Kislovodsk branch of JSC CSTE (holding company). He was diagnosed with recurrent bronchitis (exacerbations 2-3 times per year), in unstable remission. He also had chronic tonsillitis, simple form (3 exacerbations per year). The conditions for initiating treatment were the signed informed voluntary consent of the child's legal guardian for the treatment and the processing of personal data.

At the beginning of the course of spa treatment, the patient complained of difficulty breathing during physical exertion, productive cough, rapid fatigue, and increased irritability.

On examination: Skin is clean, moist, pale; peripheral lymph nodes (submandibular, cervical, occipital, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, axillary, elbow, cubital, inguinal) are not visualized, painless; percussion - pulmonary sound; auscultation - bronchial breathing is harsh with isolated dry rales, respiratory rate is 20 per minute; heart sounds are rhythmic; tongue is coated with a whitish coating, abdomen is soft, painless, participates in the act of breathing; percussion symptom is negative on both sides; physiological functions are normal. Stange's test - 32 sec, Genchi test - first - 13 sec, second 8 sec, Martine-Kushelevsky test - heart rate recovery time is 3.61 min, blood pressure recovery time is 3.84 min.

Spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 second – 78.4.

Laboratory tests: peripheral blood leukocyte count – 6.8 x 109/l; erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – 14 mm/h; interleukin-1β – 53.1 pg/ml, interleukin-4 – 15.4 pg/ml, tumor necrosis factor-α – 54.2 pg/ml; ceruloplasmin – 111 g/l, catalase – 62.0%; alpha-interferon – 143.5 pg/ml, gamma-interferon – 76.8 pg/ml.

Chest X-ray data: vertical position of the heart, increased pulmonary markings.

The patient underwent planned spa treatment:

- mode: gentle-training;

- a general version of the standard diet;

- terrain cure – route 1, daily, course of treatment – 12 procedures;

- heliotherapy: carried out in the morning hours, at an air temperature of 23-20°C, starting with 5 minutes of exposure to the sun, distributed over the front and back surfaces of the body, gradually adding (after 2-3 days) 5 minutes, bringing it up to 20 minutes, alternating exposure to the sun and shade;

- halotherapy: carried out in the mode of dry aerosol concentration of sodium chloride of 1.0-1.5 mg/m3, duration of the procedure is 30 minutes; the course of treatment is 10 daily procedures;

- inhalation therapy with mineral waters: mineral water was used using a compressor nebulizer; water temperature was 37°C, inhalation duration was 10 minutes; the course of treatment consisted of 10 procedures;

- medicinal electrophoresis with a 1% solution of potassium iodide: applied to the chest area using a transverse technique, current density – 0.01-0.05 mA/cm2; 10 procedures per course of treatment;

- ultrasound therapy: applied using a reflex technique to the paravertebral zones of the thoracic spine and in the 6th-7th intercostal spaces on both sides; intensity – 0.2 W/ ^cm2 , 1-2 minutes per field every other day; the course of treatment was 10 daily procedures;

- back massage, duration 20 minutes, No. 8 per course of treatment;

- balneo-licorice baths with pinementhol: at an indifferent temperature of 36-37°C; duration - 12 minutes; the first 3 procedures - every other day, then - daily; the course of treatment - 8 procedures.

At the end of the spa treatment course, the therapeutic measures taken were assessed. Subjectively, the patient reported improved well-being, a significant decrease in cough, and a significant reduction in sweating, fatigue, and irritability. Objectively: percussion – pulmonary sound; auscultation – harsh breathing, no wheezing, respiratory rate – 18 per minute; rhythmic heart sounds; tongue is clean, moist, abdomen is soft, painless, participates in breathing; percussion symptom is negative on both sides; physiological functions are normal. Stange test – 24 sec, Genchi test – first – 12 sec, second 5 sec, Martine-Kushelevsky test – heart rate recovery time – 1.10 min, blood pressure recovery time – 2.03 min.

Spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 second – 82.5.

Laboratory tests: peripheral blood leukocyte count – 5.2 x 109/l; ESR – 7 mm/h; interleukin-1β – 26.8 pg/ml, interleukin-4 – 28.3 pg/ml, tumor necrosis factor-α – 30.3 pg/ml; ceruloplasmin – 186 g/l, catalase – 74.8%; alpha-interferon – 223.7 pg/ml, gamma-interferon – 106.5 pg/ml.

Chest X-ray data: positive dynamics.

Analysis of clinical, functional and laboratory parameters of patient S., 8 years old, before and after spa treatment showed a significant improvement in local reparative processes, relief of inflammation in the tissue of the palatine tonsils, elimination of autonomic dysfunction, improvement of bronchial drainage function, bronchial patency, and an increase in the child’s immune system.

Overall, the analysis of this case demonstrates the high effectiveness of spa treatment for children with upper respiratory tract pathologies, including balneotherapy with licorice baths and pinementhol. This helps restore the disrupted local and systemic immune balance and the child's adaptive and compensatory capabilities.

Claims (1)

A method for carrying out balneotherapy for infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, consisting in the fact that to fill the bath, an aqueous solution is used, consisting of 200 liters of water, 150 ml of a thick extract of licorice root with a glycyrrhizic acid content of at least 18%, sucrose of at least 10.6%, and 10 ml of liquid bath concentrate "Pinimenthol" containing eucalyptus oil, natural camphor and menthol, while air is pumped into the bath with a compressor through a receiver at a pressure of 0.4-0.8 MPa, and also throughout the procedure lasting 20 minutes, a pressure of no more than 0.4 MPa is supplied to the bubble grid, for adults balneotherapy is carried out at a temperature of 36-37 ° C; duration 12-15 minutes; the first 2 procedures - every other day, then - daily; The course of treatment consists of 10-12 procedures. For children, balneotherapy is performed at a temperature of 36-37°C; duration – 8-10 minutes; the first 3 procedures – every other day, then – daily; the course of treatment consists of 8-10 procedures.