RU2846686C1 - Centrifugal air separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: performing operations.

SUBSTANCE: proposed invention relates to grain cleaning devices and can be used for separation of various loose materials according to aerodynamic properties. Centrifugal air separator contains a cylindrical housing with suction openings with built-in guides, a loading neck with fixed and movable cylinders, a conical deflector with an annular pneumatic separating channel, conical feeder located under the loading neck, drive shaft of the feeder, auxiliary cone for collection and discharge of separated grain, branch pipe for discharge of light impurities. Movable cylinder of the loading neck ends with a truncated cone with an opening angle less, than angle of the feeder cone, and is arranged coaxially with it. Feeder cone generatrix terminates in disc with upward bent edges. Suction opening guides are arranged along cylindrical housing perimeter at an angle β=27-33° in direction opposite to possible direction of rotation of conical feeder.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of grain cleaning from light impurities.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for cleaning various materials with an air flow, and can also be used for separating other bulk materials.

There are known grain cleaning machines in which annular pneumatic separating channels are used, and for introducing grain into the pneumatic separating channel, spreaders are used, made in the form of a hollow truncated cone with a guide cone, placed radially along the bottom of the bowl, rotating from the rotor shaft at an optimal speed for the sieves (SU No. 889142, 12/15/1981).

To increase the productivity of the pneumatic separation channel, blades are used on the spreader, ensuring an increase in the speed of grain input into the separation zone.

For the efficient operation of the pneumatic separation channel, a uniform supply of grain material must be achieved with an optimal speed of particle introduction into the channel.

The closest in its technical essence is a centrifugal-air separator, containing a cylindrical body with suction windows with guides built into them, a loading neck with fixed and movable cylinders, a conical deflector with an annular pneumatic separation channel, a conical feeder located under the loading neck, a feeder drive shaft, an auxiliary cone for collecting and removing separated grain, a branch pipe for removing light impurities (RU No. 2675607, 20.12 2018).

The use of long blades with their ends bent in the opposite direction to the possible direction of rotation of the spreader ensures uniformity of the introduction of grain material into the pneumatic separation channel.

Efficient operation of the pneumatic separation channel can be achieved by changing its design in the working area of separation of grain materials.

The problem solved by the present invention is to increase the efficiency of cleaning grain from light impurities.

The technical essence of the invention lies in the uniformity of the introduction of grain material into the separation zone, as well as the supply of an air flow counter to the separated material.

The present problem is solved by the fact that in a centrifugal air separator comprising a cylindrical body with suction windows with built-in guides, a loading neck with a fixed and movable cylinder, a conical deflector with an annular pneumatic separating channel, a conical feeder located under the loading neck, a feeder drive shaft, an auxiliary cone for collecting and removing separated grain, a branch pipe for removing light impurities, the movable cylinder of the loading neck ends in a truncated cone with an opening angle smaller than the angle of the feeder cone and is located coaxially with it, the generatrix of the feeder cone ends in a disk with edges bent upwards, and the guides of the suction windows are located along the perimeter of the cylindrical body at an angle of β = 27-33° in the direction opposite to the possible direction of rotation of the conical feeder. The conical deflector, having the shape of an inverse cone with a smaller base, is located below the disk of the conical feeder.

The proposed separator can operate as part of grain cleaning technological lines and as a separate machine.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the proposed centrifugal air separator;

Fig. 2 - cross-section of suction windows with built-in guides;

In fig. 3 - guide plate;

Fig. 4 shows a 3D model of a centrifugal air separator.

The separator consists of a cylindrical body 11 with suction windows 9 (Fig. 1) and with guides 17 built into them, a pipe for removing light impurities 14 with an adjusting valve 16, and a drive shaft of a conical feeder 15.

A conical reflector 7 with an annular pneumatic separating channel 8 is installed inside the cylindrical body 11, under which a guide cone 18 is placed along its circumference. Also located inside the cylindrical body are: a loading neck 1 with a movable cylinder 2 ending in a truncated cone 3, a conical feeder 4, an auxiliary cone 10 with an outlet opening 19, a cylinder 13 and an adjusting cup 12.

For a more uniform introduction of grain material into the separation zone, the conical feeder 4 has a base in the form of a disk 5 with edges bent upwards, forming a bowl, and placed under the movable cylinder 2 with a truncated cone 3 of the loading neck 1. The truncated cone 3 of the movable cylinder 2 has an opening angle smaller than the angle of the cone of the feeder 4 and is placed coaxially with it.

The conical reflector 7 is made in the form of a hollow truncated inverted cone, attached with its large base to the straight cone 6, the generatrix of which is parallel to the generatrix of the conical feeder 4. The conical reflector 7 is directed with its smaller base towards the disk 5 with edges bent upwards, the generatrix of which is located below this disk.

The suction windows 9 have built-in guides 17 along the entire perimeter of the cylindrical body 11 and are positioned at least at an angle of β=27-33° in the direction opposite to the possible direction of rotation of the conical feeder 4.

Guides 17 are plates having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with an angle α relative to the horizontal plane, coinciding with the opening angle of the generatrix of the guide cone 18.

The settling chamber with a separately installed fan (not shown in the figure) is connected by means of a flexible insert to the light impurities discharge pipe 14 with two clamps.

The separator operates as follows. The feed grain enters the housing 11 with suction windows 9, through the loading neck 1, which has a movable cylinder 2, ending at its bottom in a truncated cone 3 with an opening angle smaller than the feeder cone, ensuring a uniform, speed-controlled feed of grain to the feeder surface.

The grain, moving in a uniform layer across the bottom of the feeder cone 4, emerges onto the disc 5 with its edges bent upward. The grain then acquires an angular velocity equal to that of the disc 5 with its edges bent upward. The design of the loading and feeding device ensures uniform movement at the required speed of the grain exiting the feeder disc and entering the annular pneumatic separation channel 8.

Light impurities separated in the pneumatic separation channel are then fed through pipe 14 into the settling chamber (not shown in the figure).

High efficiency of separation of light impurities is achieved due to uniform, at the required speed, feeding of grain material into the pneumatic separation channel 8, conical reflector 7 and guides 17, which ensure the counter movement of the air flow and the processed grain, which also receives double exposure to the air flow in the working area.

Highly efficient cleaning of grain from light impurities became possible as a result of the action of these factors.

The grain, cleaned of light impurities by the airflow, then enters auxiliary cone 10 and exits the machine through outlet 19. The light impurities, separated by the airflow, enter the settling chamber through outlet pipe 14 (not shown in the figure). The airflow velocity is regulated in two ways: by damper 16, installed in outlet pipe 14 for light impurities, and by an adjustable cup 12 relative to cylinder 13.

Claims (2)

1. A centrifugal air separator comprising a cylindrical body with suction windows with guides built into them, a loading neck with a fixed and movable cylinder, a conical deflector with an annular pneumatic separating channel, a conical feeder located under the loading neck, a feeder drive shaft, an auxiliary cone for collecting and removing separated grain, a branch pipe for removing light impurities, characterized in that the movable cylinder of the loading neck ends in a truncated cone with an opening angle smaller than the angle of the feeder cone and is located coaxially with it, the generatrix of the feeder cone ends in a disk with edges bent upward, and the guides of the suction windows are located along the perimeter of the cylindrical body at an angle of β = 27-33 ° in the direction opposite to the possible direction of rotation of the conical feeder. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical reflector, having the shape of an inverted cone with a smaller base, is located below the disk of the conical feeder.