RU2845069C1 - Method for filtering air exhaled by a user of a filter gas mask pmk-s - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: breathing masks or helmets.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to gas mask equipment, to parts of gas masks, which make it possible to perform additional filtration of air exhaled by a gas mask user, including from viruses and bacteria, with high degree of purification. Method of filtering air exhaled by a PMK-S gas mask user comprises the following steps: at the first stage, disconnecting the standard FPK-7PB filter from the PMK-S filtering gas mask, unscrewing the plug, removing the protective shield from the PMK-S filtering gas mask exhalation unit, at the second stage, on the threaded exhalation saddle of the exhalation assembly of the PMK-S filtering gas mask, an adapter is screwed clockwise against the stop, said adapter connecting the outer thread of the threaded exhalation seat of the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filtering gas mask with an external threaded filter attachment having a nominal thread diameter of 40 mm, a thread pitch of 4 mm, a radius of curvature of 1.25 mm, a twisting direction is clockwise, and containing adapter housing with height of 33 mm, outer diameter of lower part of 52 mm, outer diameter of the upper part of 44 mm, inside which there is a through channel with a circular internal threaded fastener with a nominal thread diameter of 40 mm, a thread pitch of 4 mm, a thread rounding radius of 1.25 mm for connection with the external threaded fastener of the filter, and internal threaded fastener with thrust thread with nominal thread diameter of mm, internal thread diameter of 42.43_-0.45 mm, thread pitch of 2 mm, radius of curvature of external thread along cavity of 0.249 mm for connection with the external thread of the threaded exhalation seat of the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filtering gas mask, a pad for laying, having an annular shape, an outer diameter of 40 mm, an inner diameter of 26.5 mm, and pad for laying, having annular shape, outer diameter 47 mm, inner diameter 33 mm, laying having an annular solid shape, in the vertical section is a rectangle, an inner diameter of 26.5 mm, an outer diameter of 40 mm, thickness of 2 mm, laying having an annular solid shape, in the vertical section is a rectangle, an inner diameter of 33 mm, an outer diameter of 47 mm, thickness of 1.3 mm, at the third stage, screwing the filter with filtration class P3 with a plug or two filters with filtration class P3 into the inhalation unit or into the inhalation units of the PMK-S filtering gas mask and the filter with filtration class P3 into the round internal threaded fastener of the adapter, at the fourth stage, a filter gas mask PMK-S is put on the head and work is started, performing service tasks for the intended purpose.

EFFECT: higher safety of people around, in particular, related to possible infection with viruses and bacteria, who are next to the user of filter gas mask PMK-S, which is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by respiratory droplets.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

1. Field of technology to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to gas mask technology, to gas mask parts that allow for additional filtration of the air exhaled by the user of the gas mask, including from viruses and bacteria with a high degree of purification.

2. State of the art

The state of the art provides a method for protecting the respiratory organs and eyes, which provides high anti-aerosol protection not only for the user, but also for protecting people around them from biological aerosols (viruses and bacteria) that are nearby, emitted by the user of the gas mask (full-face mask, half mask with glasses).

This method of protection is implemented through additional filtration of the exhaled air by the user of the gas mask (full-face mask, half mask with glasses) using filters with aerosol filtration class P3.

Known patent for invention RU 2 753 293 (Registration date: 12.08.2021, authors: Kulik A.Yu., Ovchinnikov S.G., Repin V.S.). This patent describes a gas mask (respirator) anti-aerosol with additional purification of exhaled air. The gas mask (respirator) consists of a mask, a filter installed on the inhalation line and a filter installed on the exhalation line, with the inhalation and exhalation filters combined into one filter.

Known patent for invention US 6 584 976 B2 (Registration date: 01.07.2003, authors: Daniel A. Japuntich, Nicole V. McCullough, Jane K. Peterson, Nicholas R. Baumann, John W. Bryant, Christopher P. Henderson, Bruce E. Penning).

This invention patent describes a 3M full face mask and respirator that additionally has a filter element installed on the exhalation line.

The disadvantages of these technical solutions include the fact that the personal respiratory protective equipment (PPE) developed within the framework of these patents for inventions cannot be used for military personnel, since such PPE is not compatible with head armor and optical-electronic reconnaissance equipment.

There are no known military (special) purpose gas masks with additional air filtration during exhalation from the state of the art.

3. Disclosure of the essence of the invention

To date, special RPE in the form of half masks, respirators and full-face masks have been developed, which solve the problem of providing high anti-aerosol protection not only for the user, but also protecting people around from biological aerosols emitted by the RPE user (patents RU 2 753 293, US 6 584 976 B2).

However, for a number of reasons, such RPE cannot be used by military personnel when performing combat and special missions.

Therefore, at present, it is extremely important to develop a method for the safe use of a filter gas mask, mass-produced for the needs of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Russian National Guard and other law enforcement agencies, in conditions of viral and bacterial contamination, as well as in conditions of uncertainty, when it is not clear whether the user of the filter gas mask is a source of contamination with viruses and bacteria or not.

Such situations may arise during a mass epidemic of various viral infections (a striking example is the COVID-19 pandemic), including those developed in special biological laboratories. In such conditions, reliable protection of the respiratory system from viruses and bacteria is necessary, both during inhalation and exhalation (if there are people nearby without RPE).

In the claimed invention, to solve this problem, the special-purpose filter gas mask PMK-S (hereinafter referred to as the filter gas mask PMK-S) was selected as the RPE, which was adopted for supply to the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation in 2014 and is currently the main RPE. The filter gas mask PMK-S is designed to protect the respiratory system, face and eyes from the effects of toxic substances, biological aerosols, radioactive dust, other toxic chemicals, vapors, gases and aerosols of tear (irritating) substances [Filtering gas mask PMK-S (PMK-SV, PMK-SV-1). Operation manual ARPB.305262.021.000RE. Moscow: - 2019, - 91 p.].

The filter gas mask PMK-S contains a panoramic mask MS-12 and a standard filter FPK-7PB.

The panoramic mask MS-12 includes: a plug (1), a protective screen for the exhalation unit (2), 2 inhalation units (3), a threaded exhalation saddle (4) and other elements (Fig. 1-2).

The objective of the present invention is to develop a method for the safe use of the PMK-S filter gas mask by military personnel (employees) of the Russian Guard, both for the military personnel (employees) of the Russian Guard themselves and for the surrounding persons who are nearby without respiratory protection, relative to the user of the PMK-S filter gas mask (military personnel or employee of the Russian Guard), who is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets.

The technical result is an increase in the safety of surrounding persons, in terms of possible infection with viruses and bacteria, located near the user of the PMK-S filter gas mask, which is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets.

In order to implement the method of safe use of the filter gas mask PMK-S for the surrounding persons who are nearby without RPE, in relation to the user of the filter gas mask PMK-S, who is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets, an adapter (5) was developed that connects the external thread of the saddle of the threaded exhalation of the filter gas mask PMK-S with the external threaded fastening of the filter, which has a thread with a diameter of 40 mm and thread parameters that meet the requirements of GOST 8762-75 (Fig. 2-7):

nominal thread diameter, d ₀ – 40 mm;

thread pitch, P – 4 mm;

radius of curvature, r – 1.25 mm;

smallest outer diameter, d – 39, 55 mm;

largest outer diameter, d – 39, 90 mm;

largest internal diameter, d ₁ - 37.90 mm.

As filters with an external thread of 40 mm in diameter and thread parameters corresponding to the requirements of GOST 8762-75, we used the FSU-MB filters (Fig. 3-4), which are known from the state of the art and are intended to protect the respiratory system from pathogenic microorganisms as part of the Quartz-1N anti-plague kit.

Main characteristics and technical data of the FSU-MB filter:

filter weight - no more than 160 g;

resistance to constant air flow - no more than 12 mm H2O;

protective action time for hydrogen peroxide (0.2 mg/ ^dm3 ) - not less than 5 min;

frequency of dry heat sterilization at a temperature of 160°C for 2 hours - 10 cycles;

operating temperature range from -40°C to +40°C; warranty period of storage is 10.5 years [ https://fedexpert.ru/catalog/radiotekhnika/sredstva_individualnoy_zashchity/filtry/14507/?ysclid=m7kipziewh815864425 (Accessed: 25.02.2025)].

To implement the method of safe use of the filter gas mask PMK-S for people nearby who are not wearing personal protective equipment, in relation to the user of the filter gas mask PMK-S, who is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets, it is necessary to use filters with aerosol filtration class P3 both on inhalation and exhalation.

The PMK-S filter gas mask has two internal threaded fasteners that meet the requirements of GOST 8762-75:

nominal thread diameter, d ₀ – 40 mm;

thread pitch, P – 4 mm;

radius of curvature, r – 1.25 mm;

smallest internal diameter, D ₁ – 38.41 mm;

largest internal diameter, D ₂ – 38.06 mm;

smallest outer diameter, D – 40.06 mm.

The threaded exhalation saddle (4) of the PMK-S filter gas mask has the following parameters:

thread type – external, special thrust;

the profile of the special thrust thread has the form of an unequal trapezoid, the angle of inclination of one edge of the ridge is 3°, and the second edge is 30°;

nominal thread diameter, d (non-standard) - mm;

internal diameter of external thread, d ₁ - mm;

thread pitch, P - 2 mm (non-standard for this nominal diameter);

radius of curvature of the external thread root, R – 0.249 mm;

working height of the profile, H ₁ - 1.5 mm;

number of thread turns – 5;

The direction of twisting is clockwise.

The developed adapter (5) consists of an adapter body (7) and two gaskets (12, 13), which are fixed on two internal gasket platforms (14, 15) without the use of glue or other chemical components.

The adapter body (7) includes a passage channel (11) with two internal threaded fasteners (9, 10), the nominal diameters of which are 40 and mm; two pads for gaskets (14, 15); 6 finger stops (8) on the outside of the adapter body (Fig. 5).

The adapter body (7) has the following dimensions:

height - 33 mm;

the outer diameter of the lower part of the adapter body (from the side of the connection with the external thread of the exhalation thread saddle (4) of the face part of the PMK-S filter gas mask) - 52 mm;

the outer diameter of the upper part of the adapter body (from the side of the adapter body (7), where the finger stops (8) are located) is 44 mm (Fig. 6).

The adapter body (7) can be made of materials that meet the established requirements [GOST R 12.4.214-99 Occupational safety standards system (OSSS). Personal respiratory protective equipment. Thread for face pieces. Standard threaded connection], including materials based on industrial plastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate glycol, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, Xenoy® resins, and (or) their combinations.

The adapter body (7) can be manufactured using conventional or injection molding, as well as 3D printing.

The passage channel (11) has an internal diameter in the place where the gasket platform (14) is located - 26.5 mm, and is designed to move air that has passed through the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filter gas mask to the filter, which has an external threaded mount with a thread diameter of 40 mm and thread parameters that meet the requirements of GOST 8762-75 (Fig. 5).

The round internal threaded fastener (9) complies with the requirements of GOST 8762-75 and has the following parameters:

nominal thread diameter, d ₀ – 40 mm;

thread pitch, P – 4 mm;

radius of curvature, r – 1.25 mm;

smallest internal diameter, D ₁ – 38.41 mm;

largest internal diameter, D ₂ – 38.06 mm;

smallest outer diameter, D – 40.06 mm (Fig. 5).

Special internal threaded fastening (10) has the following characteristics:

thread type – special thrust;

nominal thread diameter, d (non-standard) - mm;

internal diameter of internal thread, D ₁ - mm;

thread pitch, P - 2 mm (non-standard for this nominal diameter);

radius of curvature at the root of the external thread, R – 0.249 mm (Fig. 5).

The gasket area (14) has a ring shape, the outer diameter is 40 mm, the inner diameter is 26.5 mm.

The gasket area (15) has a ring shape, the outer diameter is 47 mm, the inner diameter is 33 mm (Fig. 6).

The gasket pads (14, 15) have a permanent connection with the upper and lower parts of the adapter body (7).

The upper part of the adapter body (7) should be understood as the part of the body where the finger stops (8) are located.

Finger stops (8), 6 pieces in total along the entire outer diameter of the adapter body (7), are intended for convenient fixation of the adapter with fingers on the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle (4) of the face part of the PMK-S filter gas mask, are not mandatory elements in the manufacture of the declared adapter (5), do not affect the hermetic connection between the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle (4) of the PMK-S filter gas mask and the filter, which has an external threaded fastening with a thread diameter of 40 mm and thread parameters corresponding to the requirements of GOST 8762-75 (Fig. 5).

The gasket (12) has a ring-shaped solid shape, a rectangle in vertical section, internal diameter - 26.5 mm, external diameter - 40 mm, thickness - 2 mm.

The gasket (13) has a ring-shaped, solid shape, a rectangle in vertical section, an internal diameter of 33 mm, an external diameter of 47 mm, and a thickness of 1.3 mm (Fig. 5-6).

Gaskets (12, 13) can be made of materials that meet the established requirements of GOST [GOST 481-80. Paronite and gaskets made of it. Specifications and GOST 7338-77. Rubber and rubber-fabric plates. Specifications], including established rubber standards or thermosetting silicone materials ELASTOSIL LR 3070 from Wacker-Silicones (Munich, Germany); series KE2095 or KE2009 (such as, for example, KE2095-60, KE2095-50, KE2095-40) or X-34-1547A/B, X-34-1625A/B, X-34-1625A/B.

Gaskets (12, 13) for the adapter (5) can be made from the above materials using the following methods: manual cutting, punching, laser cutting, CNC machines.

No adhesives or other chemical components are used to connect the gasket (12, 13) and gasket platform (14, 15) elements.

The method of safe use of the filter gas mask PMK-S for people nearby without personal protective equipment, relative to the user of the filter gas mask PMK-S, who is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets, consists in modernizing the filter gas mask PMK-S, which is implemented using an adapter (5) and includes the following steps:

at the first stage, disconnect the standard FPK-7PB filter from the PMK-S filter gas mask, unscrew the plug (1), remove the protective screen (2) from the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filter gas mask (Fig. 1-2);

at the second stage, screw the designed adapter (5) clockwise until it stops onto the threaded exhalation saddle (4) of the PMK-S filter gas mask (Fig. 2);

at the third stage, a filter with filtration class P3 with a plug (1) or two filters with filtration class P3 are screwed into the inhalation unit (3) or into the inhalation units (3) of the PMK-S filter gas mask and a filter with filtration class P3 into the round internal threaded fastening (9) of the adapter (5) (Figs. 3 - 4);

At the fourth stage, they put on the PMK-S filter gas mask on their head and begin work, performing their intended service tasks.

When implementing the proposed method of safe use of the filter gas mask PMK-S for people around who are nearby without RPE, in relation to the user of the filter gas mask PMK-S (a serviceman or an employee of the Russian Guard), who is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets, implemented with the help of the developed adapter (5), when inhaling and exhaling, filtration of viruses and bacteria occurs with a high degree of purification.

Filtration of viruses and bacteria on exhalation, using a filter with an external threaded mount with a thread diameter of 40 mm and thread parameters corresponding to the requirements of GOST 8762-75, aerosol filtration class - P3 allows for the safe use of the filter gas mask PMK-S for people nearby without RPE, relative to the user of the filter gas mask PMK-S, who is a source of infection with various viruses and bacteria transmitted by airborne droplets.

It is assumed that the adjustment of the filter gas mask PMK-S to the dimensions of the user's head is carried out correctly, according to the instructions, filters with an external threaded mount with a thread diameter of 40 mm and thread parameters corresponding to the requirements of GOST 8762-75 are screwed into the internal threaded mounts of the inhalation units (3) of the panoramic mask MS-12 and the round internal threaded mount (9) of the adapter (5) clockwise until they stop.

As filters with an external threaded fastening with a thread diameter of 40 mm and thread parameters corresponding to the requirements of GOST 8762-75, the following are used: known from the state of the art anti-aerosol filters with filtration class P3 (for example, FSU-MB, DOT P3 RD, FPA "SHANS" P3 NR D, "BREEZE®-1001 (FA-2002)" P3 R D) or combined filters with filtration class for aerosols P3 (FPK-7PB, FPK-7PM, DOT 220 A1B1E1P3 R D, DOT 320 A2B1E1K1P3 R D, DOTpro 150 A1P3 R D, etc.).

4. Brief description of drawings and other graphic materials

Fig. 1. Image of the panoramic mask MS-12 of the PMK-S filter gas mask.

In Fig. 1 the following designations are used:

1 – plug;

2 – protective screen of the exhalation unit;

3 – inhalation node.

Fig. 2. Image of panoramic mask MS-12 of filter gas mask PMK-S without protective screen of exhalation unit, with installed adapter.

In Fig. 2 the following notations are used:

2 – protective screen of the exhalation unit;

4 – threaded exhalation saddle;

5 – an adapter connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount.

Fig. 3. Image of panoramic mask MS-12 filter gas mask PMK-S and anti-aerosol filters FSU-MB.

In Fig. 3 the following notations are used:

5 – an adapter connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount;

6 – anti-aerosol filter FSU-MB.

Fig. 4. Image of panoramic mask MS-12 of filter gas mask PMK-S and anti-aerosol filters FSU-MB (options for right- and left-side connection of anti-aerosol filter FSU-MB to mask MS-12).

In Fig. 4 the following notations are used:

5 – an adapter connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount;

6 – anti-aerosol filter FSU-MB.

Fig. 5. Adapter connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount.

In Fig. 5 the following notations are used:

7 – adapter body;

8 – finger rests (6 pcs. in total);

9 – round internal threaded fastening;

10 – special internal threaded fastening;

11 – passage channel;

12 – gasket;

13 – gasket.

Fig. 6. Axonometric vertical section of the adapter connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount.

In Fig. 6 the following notations are used:

7 – adapter body;

9 – round internal threaded fastening;

10 – special internal threaded fastening;

12 – gasket;

13 – gasket;

14 – laying area;

15 – laying area.

Fig. 7. Image of the panoramic mask MS-12 of the filter gas mask PMK-S and the combined filter VK pro 320, connected to each other through the developed adapter (a variant of filter connection, in which the adapter is checked for leaks).

In Fig. 7 the following notations are used:

1 – plug;

5 – an adapter connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount;

16 – combined filter VK pro 320 (A1B1E1K1P3D)

5. Implementation of the invention

The adapter body (7) was manufactured based on the inversion of the thread parameters obtained by three-dimensional scanning of the exhalation thread saddle (4) of the PMK-S filter gas mask.

The adapter body (7) was made using a 3D printer, using PETG plastic as the printing material. The gaskets (12, 13) were made of rubber using manual cutting.

The leak testing of the developed adapter (5) was carried out in a tent for testing gas masks at the training ground, according to the standard testing method for filter gas masks used by the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.

To test the developed adapter (5) for leaks, the PMK-S filter gas mask was subjected to the following modifications (Fig. 7):

1. The inhalation units of the panoramic mask MS-12 of the filter gas mask PMK-S were plugged with 2 plugs (1).

2. The protective screen (2) was removed from the exhalation unit, then the exhalation valve petal was removed and the adapter (5) was screwed in, then the combined filter VK pro 320 (A1B1E1K1P3D) (16) was screwed in clockwise until it stopped.

To test the developed adapter (5) for leaks, chloroacetophenone aerosol was used as a test substance. According to the test results, no cases of respiratory and eye damage by chloroacetophenone aerosol were recorded, and the leaks of the developed adapter (5) were practically confirmed.

Claims (5)

A method for filtering air exhaled by the user of the PMK-S gas mask, including the following steps: at the first stage, disconnect the standard FPK-7PB filter from the PMK-S filter gas mask, unscrew the plug, remove the protective screen from the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filter gas mask, at the second stage, an adapter is screwed clockwise until it stops onto the threaded exhalation saddle of the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filter gas mask, connecting the external thread of the threaded exhalation saddle of the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filter gas mask with the external threaded filter mount, which has a nominal thread diameter of 40 mm, a thread pitch of 4 mm, a rounding radius of 1.25 mm, a clockwise twisting direction, containing an adapter body with a height of 33 mm, an external diameter of the lower part of 52 mm, an external diameter of the upper part of 44 mm, inside which there is a passage channel with a round internal threaded mount with a nominal thread diameter of 40 mm, a thread pitch of 4 mm, a thread rounding radius of 1.25 mm for connection with the external threaded filter mount, and an internal threaded mount with a stop thread, a nominal thread diameter mm, an internal thread diameter of 42.43 _-0.45 mm, a thread pitch of 2 mm, a radius of curvature of the external thread along the root of 0.249 mm for connection with the external thread of the saddle of the threaded exhalation of the exhalation unit of the PMK-S filter gas mask, a pad for a gasket having a ring-shaped form, an external diameter of 40 mm, an internal diameter of 26.5 mm, a pad for a gasket having a ring-shaped form, an external diameter of 47 mm, an internal diameter of 33 mm, a gasket having a ring-shaped solid form, in vertical section - a rectangle, an internal diameter of 26.5 mm, an external diameter of 40 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, a gasket having a ring-shaped solid form, in vertical section - a rectangle, an internal diameter of 33 mm, an external diameter of 47 mm, a thickness of 1.3 mm, at the third stage, a filter with filtration class P3 with a plug or two filters with filtration class P3 are screwed into the inhalation unit or into the inhalation units of the PMK-S filter gas mask and a filter with filtration class P3 into the round internal threaded fastening of the adapter, At the fourth stage, they put on the PMK-S filter gas mask on their head and begin work, performing their intended service tasks.