RU2841145C1 - Combined pelleting apparatus for production of pseudoencapsulated feedstuffs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feedstuff industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to feedstuff industry and may be used for production of functional pseudoencapsulated feedstuffs for poultry and aquaculture. Combined pelleting apparatus has a hopper for inert carriers, a hopper for extruded granules, a vacuum apparatus for pseudocapsulation, an apparatus for inlet of liquid components, a hammer mill, a vacuum pump and a receiver. Hoppers are equipped with rotary dispensers for proportioning of components into vacuum unit for pseudocapsulation. Vacuum plant incorporates loading hopper, throttle valves, manifold with nozzles for controlled feed and dispersion of fluid components. Vacuum unit for pseudo encapsulation incorporates shaft with band-vane mixing working tools. Vacuum pump is communicated with receiver communicated with comb provided with valves. Installation for introducing liquid components, the hopper for inert carriers and the hopper for extruded or granulated granules with rotary batchers are connected in parallel to the vacuum apparatus for pseudo-encapsulation. Vacuum pump is arranged ahead of said receiver. Comb is located in upper part of vacuum unit for pseudoencapsulation. Crusher-grinder is arranged downstream of said hopper and ahead of said vacuum pseudo encapsulation unit.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to produce feedstuffs of a balanced composition and having protective properties with increased storage life, aimed at enhancement of nutritive value, assimilability and productivity of poultry and valuable fish breeds.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the compound feed industry and can be used for the production of functional pseudo-encapsulated compound feed for poultry and aquaculture.

A device for applying fat to the surface of granules is known (Chernyaev N.P. Production of mixed fodder. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1989. - 224 p.), including a conical working chamber with a spray disk and nozzle located inside it, and an unloading screw. Heated fat from two tanks equipped with thermal insulation and heating is introduced either into a batch mixer or applied to the surface of the granules in a special machine. A vibratory dispenser feeds the granules onto a rotating conical disk, which scatters them along the periphery. A spray nozzle is located below the disk, dispersing the fat heated to 82 ° C. When hot droplets of fat meet the granules, they are retained on the surface and almost completely adsorbed, i.e. absorbed into the porous structure of the granules. When introduced into the main mixer, the fat is fed periodically.

The disadvantage of this unit is the difficulty of regulating the amount of fat applied to the surface of the processed product. This leads to instability of the process, and, in turn, to uneven application of fat and deterioration of the quality of the resulting product. In addition, this unit does not provide for the removal of excess fat during the processing of extruded granules, which limits the scope of its application.

The closest in technical essence and achieved effect is a coating apparatus [Patent No. 2292726 RF, IPC ⁷ A23G 3/26, A23P 1/08. Coating apparatus / A.N. Ostrikov (RU), V.N. Vasilenko (RU). - 2005130140/13; Declared 09/27/2005; Published 02/10/2007 Bulletin No. 4], including a cylindrical working chamber with a nozzle installed in it and a drive. A vertical shaft with four symmetrical rectangular partitions fixed to it is installed in the working chamber, two opposite partitions have rectangular radial cutouts in the lower part, and the other two contact the bottom with the lower edge, divided into four sections, three of which are made perforated, and the fourth has a cutout communicating with the discharge pipe. Under the first section there is a pipe for removing the excess fat-vitamin mixture, and under the second and third sections - a pipe for removing the coolant. In the upper part of the first section there is a nozzle for supplying the fat-vitamin mixture, and in the cover, located above the second and third sections, there is a pipe with a mesh separator for the exit of the spent coolant. On the side in the upper part of the working chamber above the first section there is a loading pipe.

The disadvantages of the known design of the coating machine are:

- difficulty in penetrating fat and vitamin supplements into the granule, due to the lack of vacuum in the cylindrical working chamber;

- low productivity caused by the impossibility of uniform application of fat and vitamin supplements to granules due to the lack of a mixing device in the resulting layer in the sections of the apparatus;

- limited shelf life of the produced compound feeds due to contact with atmospheric oxygen and rapid rancidity of fats, which significantly reduces the nutritional value.

The technical task of the invention is to develop a design for a combined pelleting apparatus for the production of functional pseudo-encapsulated compound feeds with spraying selected liquid components (lipid, amino acid and vitamin supplements) onto the surface of the compound feed granules and subsequent application of a shell layer made of inert carriers for various types of poultry and valuable fish species, which will make it possible to produce compound feeds of a balanced composition, programmable properties and possessing protective properties and with an extended shelf life, aimed at increasing the nutritional value, digestibility and productivity of poultry and valuable fish species.

In order to solve the technical problem of the invention, a combined pelleting apparatus for producing pseudo-encapsulated compound feed is proposed, characterized in that it contains a hopper for inert carriers, a hopper for extruded granules, a vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, a unit for introducing liquid components, a hammer mill, a vacuum pump, a receiver, wherein the hoppers are equipped with rotary dispensers for dosing components into the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, which is equipped with a loading hopper, throttle valves, a manifold with nozzles for adjustable feeding and dispersion of liquid components, a shaft with ribbon-blade mixing working elements is installed in the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, the vacuum pump is connected to the receiver, which is connected to a comb with valves; wherein the unit for introducing liquid components, the hopper for inert carriers and the hopper for extruded or granulated granules with rotary dispensers are connected in parallel with the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation; The vacuum pump is located in front of the receiver, which is connected to the comb located in the upper part of the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, and after the bin for inert carriers, a crusher-grinder is installed in front of the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation.

The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the efficiency of the process of diffusion of liquid components into extruded or granulated granules of compound feed, from the pores of which, due to vacuuming, trapped air is extracted, which prevents the penetration of liquid components and uniform distribution over the surface of the granules, and the effective application of a protective coating of particles of inert carriers to the surface of the granules.

The figure shows a flat image of a combined pelleting apparatus for the production of pseudo-encapsulated compound feed.

A combined pelleting apparatus for the production of pseudo-encapsulated compound feed contains a bin 1 for inert carriers, a bin 2 for extruded granules, a vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation, a unit 4 for introducing liquid components, a hammer mill 5, a vacuum pump 6, and a receiver 7.

The hopper 1 for inert carriers and the hopper 2 for extruded granules are equipped with rotary dispensers 8 for dosing components into the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation.

The vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation is equipped with a loading hopper 9 and a manifold 10 with nozzles 11 installed in its upper part for adjustable feeding and dispersion of liquid components. In the conical part of the loading hopper 9, a rotary dispenser 23 is located for adjustable feeding of the product into the unit 3, and below it, in a cylindrical connecting pipe, a throttle valve 24 is installed for maintaining a vacuum.

Inside the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation, a shaft 13 with ribbon-blade mixing working elements is installed.

The ribbon-blade working members include ribbon spirals 17 and 20, fixed on the shaft 13 by means of posts 18, and ploughshare blades 19 and 21, contacting with the inner surface of the body of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation. The inner ribbon spiral 17 is solid, and the outer ribbon spiral 20 consists of separate blades of right and left winding. The inner blades 19 are fixed to the post by clamps, and the outer blades 21 by screws. The drive of the mixing member includes an electric motor, a V-belt transmission, a cylindrical reducer and a clutch (not shown in the Fig.). During mixing, the outer spiral belt 20 moves the components along the chamber towards the loading, and the inner spiral belts 17 - in the opposite direction.

The ploughshare blades 19 and 21 prevent the product from sticking to the inner surface of the body of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation. This design of the ribbon-blade mixer forms a cross-flow of the mixture and ensures rapid and homogeneous mixing. Depending on the properties of the products and liquid components being mixed, it is possible to introduce the required amount of liquid.

The design of the belt-blade working elements ensures ease and speed of cleaning of the belt spirals 17 and 20 and the ploughshare blades 19 and 21, and also guarantees the absence of stagnant zones.

The ribbon-blade working elements used in the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation can have different configurations: single, double, triple ribbon spirals; with blades of different shapes (rectangular, trapezoidal, segmented, plough-shaped, etc.).

The vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation is equipped with an unloading hopper with a throttle valve 12 and a rotary dispenser 22 installed in it.

Vacuum pump 6 is connected to receiver 7, which in turn is connected to comb 14 with valves 15 and 16.

The unit 4 for introducing liquid components, the hopper 1 for inert carriers and the hopper 2 for extruded granules with rotary dispensers 8 are connected in parallel with the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation.

The vacuum pump 6 is located in front of the receiver 7, which is connected to the comb 14, located in the upper part of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation. After the bin 1 for inert carriers, the hammer crusher 5 is installed in front of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation.

The proposed combined pelleting apparatus for the production of pseudo-encapsulated compound feed operates as follows (Fig.).

The extruded granules stored in the hopper 2 are fed in separate portions by the rotary doser 8 into the loading hopper 9 of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation. At the same time, the drive of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation is switched on and the extruded granules are mixed. Then the rotary dosers 23 and 22 are stopped and the throttle valves 24 and 12 are closed. The throttle valves 24 and 12 serve to seal the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation and maintain the vacuum.

Next, vacuum pump 6 is switched on, which creates the required vacuum value in receiver 7. Then valve 16 is closed, and valve 15 is opened, thus removing air from vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation. In this case, trapped air is completely removed from porous extruded granules. After this, liquid components are dispersed from unit 4 for introducing liquid components through nozzles 11, which are uniformly applied to the surface of the granules during their mixing. Then valve 15 is closed, valve 16 is opened, and the pressure in vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation smoothly increases to atmospheric. Due to the created pressure difference, the layer of liquid components located on the surface of the extruded granules is, as it were, “pressed” into the pores of the granules.

After this, a certain portion of the liquid lipid complex is introduced from the unit 4 through the nozzles 11, which is uniformly distributed over the surface of the granules during their mixing, forming a stable fat film. Moreover, the introduction and application of highly viscous liquid components containing solutions of vitamins, amino acids, lipids, enzymes, etc. allows achieving a scientifically substantiated content of the protein-vitamin-lipid complex for obtaining balanced functional pseudo-encapsulated compound feeds. The introduction of liquid components into the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation is carried out through the system of nozzles 11, which allows for uniform distribution of liquid components over the surface of the extruded granules. Unit 4 for introducing liquid components includes a pump with a drive, a set of measuring and regulating equipment and devices, pipeline fittings, allowing for setting a certain flow rate and temperature of liquid components, monitoring and, if necessary, adjusting it.

From hopper 1, inert carriers (fruit shells, crushed husks, mineral powders, chalk, bentonites, etc.) are fed into hammer mill 5, where they are crushed to the required fractional composition. Then, the inert carrier particles crushed to a certain size are fed through loading hopper 9 with the help of switched on rotary dispenser 23 and open throttle valve 24 into vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation, where they are applied to the surface of capsules (granules) of compound feed with the help of rotating belt-blade working elements fixed on shaft 13.

Then the throttle valve 12 opens and the rotary doser 22, located in the lower part of the unloading hopper of the vacuum unit 3 for pseudo-encapsulation, is switched on, and the extruded granules with applied liquid components (protein-vitamin-lipid complex) and inert carriers are unloaded and sent for packaging.

The proposed combined pelleting apparatus for the production of pseudo-encapsulated compound feed allows:

- to obtain high-quality and balanced functional pseudo-encapsulated compound feeds adapted for various species and age groups of poultry and fish;

- expand the range of manufactured functional multi-component pseudo-encapsulated compound feeds of a given nutritional value and with added therapeutic and prophylactic effects;

- increase the shelf life of pseudo-encapsulated compound feeds due to the fact that pseudo-encapsulation prevents contact with moisture and oxygen contained in the air, compound feeds do not oxidize or disintegrate for a longer time;

- to increase the nutritional value, digestibility and productivity of poultry and valuable fish species when using functional multi-component pseudo-encapsulated compound feeds through targeted regulation by using various additives and components.

Claims (1)

A combined pelleting apparatus for producing pseudo-encapsulated compound feed, characterized in that it contains a hopper for inert carriers, a hopper for extruded or granulated granules, a vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, a unit for introducing liquid components, a hammer mill, a vacuum pump, a receiver, wherein the hoppers are equipped with rotary dispensers for dosing components into the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, equipped with a loading hopper, throttle valves and a manifold with nozzles for adjustable feeding and dispersion of liquid components, wherein a shaft with ribbon-blade mixing working elements is installed in the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, in addition, the vacuum pump is communicated with the receiver connected to a comb having valves, the unit for introducing liquid components, a hopper for inert carriers and a hopper for extruded or granulated granules with rotary dispensers are connected in parallel with the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, the vacuum pump is located in front of a receiver connected to a comb, which is located in the upper part of the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation, and after the bin for inert carriers, a crusher-grinder is installed in front of the vacuum unit for pseudo-encapsulation.