RU2795993C1 - Double drum granular fertilizer spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: agricultural engineering, devices for distributing granular fertilizers over the soil surface. Granular fertilizer spreader includes a frame and a body with a divider installed on the running system and a belt conveyor located in the bottom, a central spreading disc fixed on the frame behind the body between two fertilizer spreaders, and control dampers. A low-sided body is mounted on the frame in such a way that with a road clearance of 500 mm from the field surface, the upper border of the sides is at a height of 1100 mm from the field surface. Fertilizer spreaders are made in the form of drums with unloading windows and dosing holes, represented by casings with rotary bladed throwers with a mechanical drive installed inside. At the same time, the adjusting dampers are installed in the area of the dosing openings of the casings of the vane throwers, and removable adjustable parabolic deflectors are installed above the unloading windows of the casings of the vane throwers to adjust the uniformity of the flow of spread fertilizers. The divider has a mechanism for adjusting the supply of the introduced material to the rotary vane throwers and the spreading disc.

EFFECT: invention will improve the uniformity of the distribution of fertilizers and reduce the time for loading fertilizers.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for distributing granular fertilizers over the soil surface.

Known is the working body of a spreader of solid mineral and organo-mineral fertilizers (RF Patent No. 165224 MPK A01C 17/00, publ. 10.10.2016 Bull. No. 28), including a casing with an unloading window and a rotor with blades installed in it by means of a hub on a horizontal shaft , where the blades are made of a radially mounted bracket and a broken working surface with a ratio of the lengths of the surfaces of 3/1, hingedly attached to the bracket from the side of the smaller part, which is installed at an angle of 5 ° relative to the larger one, parallel to the bracket, and between the radially mounted bracket and the broken line working surface of the blades.

The disadvantage of the design is the small width of capture, as well as the uneven application of fertilizers due to their fan-shaped spread, as well as the low rates of applied doses of fertilizers in the immediate vicinity of the spreading device.

Known double-drum spreader of mineral fertilizers (RF Patent No. 166958 MPK A01C 17/00, publ. blades, as well as a casing, in the bottom of which dampers and a deflector are installed, directed towards the ejection of material.

The disadvantage of the design is the low uniformity of the distribution of the material across the width, the small width of the grip associated with the instability of the air flow inside the casing, caused by different positions of the shutters.

The closest technical solution of the proposed invention is a spreader of mineral and concentrated organic fertilizers (RF Patent No. 196608 MPK A01C 15/00, publ. a fertilizer guide, two fans with air ducts and a scattering device in the form of a centrifugal disk.

The disadvantage of the design is its heaviness, total metal consumption, inconvenience of loading operations, low rates of fertilizer distribution uniformity and particle flight range associated with air pressure instability due to the different position of the metering dampers.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the overall dimensions of the machine in width and height, allowing the machine to be loaded with fertilizers directly from the dump truck body, which makes it possible to reduce the shift time required to load the machine, increase the uniformity of fertilizer distribution

The task is achieved by the fact that the frame of the machine is mounted on the chassis in such a way that the ground clearance of the machine is 500 mm. A low-sided body is mounted on the frame in such a way that with a ground clearance of 500 mm, the upper border of the sides is at a height of 1100 mm. This design solution allows you to load the machine directly from the body of a ZIL-130, GA3-3307 dump truck. For sifting fertilizers, two drums are mounted on the frame, including casings with unloading windows and rotors with blades installed in them by means of a hub on a horizontal shaft, as well as deflectors mounted on casings from the side of the unloading windows, and a spreading disk with blades is installed in the space between the rotors.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a granular fertilizer spreader (rear view); in fig. 2 shows a three-dimensional model of the rotor casing; in fig. 3 shows a diagram of the fertilizer supply to the spreading disc; in fig. 4 shows the layout of the working bodies of the granular fertilizer spreader (top view); in fig. 5 shows a diagram of the supply of fertilizers to paddle throwers.

The granular fertilizer spreader includes a running system 1 (Fig. 1), on which, at a height of 500 mm from the field surface, a frame 2 is installed, on which, in turn, a low-sided body 11 is mounted. A belt conveyor 16 is located at the bottom of the low-sided body. (Fig. 3). In the rear part of the machine, two drums are mounted on the frame, which are casings of paddle throwers 12 (Fig. 2), inside which throwers 23 are installed, which are rotors with blades, the working surface of which is deflected by 12 ° from the radial position back relative to the direction of rotation. Dosing holes 25 are cut in the front walls of each of the casings, adjustable by the position of the dosing gates 26. Unloading windows 18 are unregulated, located in the side walls of the casings 12 in the direction of rotation of the paddle throwers 23. Above each of the unloading windows, you can install a removable parabolic deflector 7, adjustable by rods 8. The drive of the paddle throwers 23 is carried out by means of shafts 17, 20, on which the pulleys of the V-belt transmission 10 are mounted. .

Spreading disk 4 with blades 21 radially located on it is mounted on shaft 3 and is driven by hydraulic motor 13 through gearbox 6. Gear 6 is fixed to the frame 2 by bolted connections. The feeder 5 of the spreading disc 4, which has the shape of a chute with slots for supplying fertilizers to the disc with blades and a damper, is also mounted on the frame 2. To adjust the supply of material to the spreading disc in the body 11 of the unit, beams with adjustment holes 24 are mounted, on which the divider is mounted 15.

The oil supply from the tractor hydraulic system to the hydraulic motors 13, 19 is carried out by oil pipelines 9, 14.

Granular fertilizer spreader works as follows. Fertilizers are loaded into the body 11 (Fig. 1), the fertilizer divider 15 (Fig. 5) is set to a position that ensures that the belt conveyor 16 supplies the required dose of fertilizer to the spreading disc 4 (Fig. 4) through the feeder 5. The control damper 26 is set to the position , providing the supply of the required dose of fertilizer to the blades of rotary spreaders through the dosing holes 25 (Fig. 5). To achieve the required working width, the deflectors 7 are installed in the appropriate position.

When the unit moves across the field, with the hydraulic system of the tractor turned on, fertilizers from the body 11 are divided into three streams by a divider 15 by means of a belt conveyor 16. divider 15 to the feeder 5, from where it is poured onto the spreading disc.

Paddle throwers 23 are driven by a hydraulic motor 19 through a gearbox 22, V-belt drives 10 and shafts 17, 20. Rotating in opposite directions, the paddle throwers throw granular fertilizers through the unloading windows 18 to the outside. The flow of ejected fertilizers, hitting the deflector 7, takes a parabolic shape, which provides the required distance of particles and the direction of the flow.

The spreading disc 4 is driven by a hydraulic motor 13 through a gearbox 6 and a shaft 3. Fertilizers, spilling from the feeder 5, are captured by the blades 21 and thrown onto the field surface.

The dose of fertilizer application is regulated by changing the location of the divider 15 (Fig. 5) above the surface of the belt conveyor 16 using the adjustment holes 24, as well as the position of the metering dampers 26 mounted on the body of the spreader, which ensures the required doses of fertilizers and the necessary uniformity of their distribution over the surface fields.

Claims (1)

Granular fertilizer spreader, including a frame and a body with a divider and a conveyor belt located on the bottom, a central spreading disc mounted on the frame at the rear of the body between two fertilizer spreaders, and control flaps, characterized in that a low-side body is mounted on the frame in such a way that with a road clearance of 500 mm from the field surface, the upper border of the sides is at a height of 1100 mm from the field surface, and the fertilizer spreaders are made in the form of drums with unloading windows and dosing holes, which are casings inside which rotary bladed throwers with a mechanical drive are installed, at the same time, the adjusting dampers are installed in the area of the dosing openings of the casings of the vane throwers, and above the unloading windows of the casings of the vane throwers, removable adjustable parabolic deflectors are installed to adjust the uniformity of the flow of spread fertilizers, and the divider has a mechanism for adjusting the supply of the introduced material to the rotary vane throwers and the spreading disk.

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