RU235006U1 - Granular Fertilizer Spreader - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture. A spreader of granulated fertilizers comprises a frame and a body with a divider for separating fertilizers and metering flaps mounted on its chassis. A belt conveyor is located in the bottom of the body, and two casings of blade throwers are located in the rear part of the spreader. Bearing housings are mounted on the frame by means of bolted connections, in which an auger with a spiral is installed, the turns of which are differently directed relative to the center of the spreader. An auger feeder in the form of a sliding board is mounted on the frame by means of welded connections. The divider is designed with the possibility of dividing fertilizers into three flows: two outer flows - to the blades of the throwers, and the central flow - to the feeder. Improvement of the quality of fertilizer application is ensured. 4 fig.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to devices for distributing granulated fertilizers over the soil surface.

A fertilizer spreader is known (RU Patent No. 2109435 IPC A01C 15/12, published on 27.04.1998), comprising a body mounted on wheels with a movable bottom, a loosening working element and a spreading auger with blades.

The disadvantage of the design is the small width of the machine, as well as the low uniformity of the spread material.

The closest technical solution to the proposed utility model is a two-drum spreader of granulated fertilizers (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2795993 IPC A01C 17/00, published on 16.05.2023 Bulletin No. 14), which includes a chassis, a body with a belt conveyor, a dosing device and a fertilizer guide, two drums with blade throwers and a spreading device in the form of a centrifugal disk.

The disadvantage of the design is the low uniformity of fertilizer application, as well as the clogging of the spreading disc feeder with the applied material.

The technical objective of this utility model is to improve the quality of fertilizer application.

The set task is achieved by the fact that bearing housings are mounted on the frame by means of bolted connections, in which an auger with a spiral is installed, the turns of which are directed differently relative to the center of the spreader, and also by means of welded connections an auger feeder in the form of a sliding board is mounted on the frame, and the divider is designed with the possibility of dividing the fertilizers into three flows: two outer flows - to the thrower blades, and the central flow - to the feeder.

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a two-drum spreader of granulated fertilizers with an auger working element (rear view).

Fig. 2 shows the diagram of the fertilizer supply to the auger (side view).

Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the arrangement of the working parts of a granulated fertilizer spreader (top view).

Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the fertilizer supply to the blade throwers.

The spreader of granulated fertilizers includes a chassis 1 (Fig. 1), on which a frame 2 and a body 3 are installed. A belt conveyor 4 (Fig. 2) is located on the bottom of the body. In the rear part of the machine, casings of blade throwers 5 are mounted on the frame. Throwers 6 are installed inside each of the two casings, which are rotors with blades, the working surface of which is inclined by 12° from the radial position back relative to the direction of rotation. In the front walls of each of the casings, metering holes 7 are cut out, adjustable by the position of the metering flaps 8. The unloading windows 9 are non-adjustable, located in the side walls of the casings 5 in the direction of rotation of the blade throwers 6. Above each of the unloading windows, a removable deflector 10 of a parabolic shape can be installed, adjustable by rods 11. The drive of the blade throwers 6 is carried out by means of shafts 12 enclosed in bearings 13, on which the pulleys of the V-belt transmission 14 are mounted. The leading pulley of the V-belt transmission 14 is mounted on the shaft of the reducer 15. The reducer 15 and the hydraulic motor 16 driving it are mounted on the frame 2 and the body 3 of the unit by bolted connections, respectively.

The auger with variable spiral direction 17 is installed in bearings 18 mounted on the frame 2 and is driven by means of a hydraulic motor 19. The auger feeder 20 is mounted on the frame with welded joints.

To regulate the feed of material to the auger, beams with adjustment holes 21 are mounted in the body of unit 3, to which divider 22 is attached.

The supply of oil from the tractor's hydraulic system to hydraulic motors 19 and 16 is carried out by oil lines 23 and 24, respectively.

The spreader of granulated fertilizers operates as follows. Fertilizers are loaded into the body 3 (Fig. 1), the fertilizer guide divider 22 (Fig. 4) is set to a position that ensures the supply of the required dose of fertilizers by the belt conveyor 4 to the auger with a variable spiral direction 17 (Fig. 3) through the feeder 20. The adjusting flap 8 is set to a position that ensures the supply of the required dose of fertilizers to the blades of the rotary spreaders through the metering openings 7 (Fig. 4). To achieve the required capture width, the deflectors 10 are set to the appropriate position using the adjusting rods 11.

When the unit moves across the field, with the tractor hydraulic system turned on, the fertilizers from the body 3 are divided into three streams by the divider 22 via the belt conveyor 4. The two outer streams of fertilizers are fed through the metering openings 7 to the thrower blades 6. The central stream of fertilizers passes via the belt conveyor through the metering slot under the divider 22 to the feeder 19.

The blade throwers 6 are driven by a hydraulic motor 16 through a gearbox 15, V-belt transmissions 14 and shafts 13. Rotating in opposite directions, the blade throwers throw granulated fertilizers out through discharge windows 9. The flow of ejected fertilizers, hitting the deflector 10, takes a parabolic shape, which ensures the necessary range of particle ejection and flow direction.

The auger with a variable direction of the spiral 17 is driven by a hydraulic motor 19. Fertilizers, pouring down the feeder 20, are captured by the spirals of the auger and thrown onto the surface of the field to the right and left relative to the line of movement of the machine.

The dose of fertilizer application is regulated by changing the position of the divider 22 (Fig. 4) above the surface of the belt conveyor 4 using the adjustment holes 21, as well as the position of the dosing flaps 8 mounted on the body of the spreader, which ensures the application of the required doses of fertilizer and the necessary uniformity of their distribution over the surface of the field.

Claims (1)

A spreader of granulated fertilizers comprising a frame and a body with a divider for separating fertilizers and metering flaps mounted on its chassis, wherein a belt conveyor is located in the bottom of the body, and two casings of blade throwers are located in the rear part of the spreader, characterized in that bearing housings are mounted on the frame by means of bolted connections, in which an auger with a spiral is installed, the turns of which are directed differently relative to the center of the spreader, and also by means of welded connections an auger feeder in the form of a sliding board is mounted on the frame, wherein the divider is designed with the possibility of dividing fertilizers into three flows: two outer flows - to the blades of the throwers, and the central flow - to the feeder.