RU2794645C1 - Method and device for producing powder suitable for obtaining industrial charges of explosives from high-explosive charges of recycled ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: processing of high explosives.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions is related in particular to processing of charges made on the basis of high-melting wax phlegmatized non-polymer based high-melting explosives, such as RDX or HMX. In order to obtain a powder suitable for obtaining industrial explosive from high-explosive charges of recycled ammunition, a recyclable charge is removed from the ammunition, which is compressed explosive crystals from RDX or HMX group coated with a phlegmatizer, heated to temperatures that do not lead to chemical changes in the substances that make up the charge, for 5 to 15 minutes in water to the melting point of the phlegmatizer, at which the charge becomes loose. Then it is subjected to mechanical stress with a force of not more than 1 kg/cm². It is dispersed through a sieve with meshes of at least 0.8 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. A device for obtaining a powder suitable for obtaining industrial explosives from recycled ammunition in the manner described above consists of a table with a sieve built into it, a tub of water heated through a water jacket by circulating hot water in it, the temperature of which is ensured by an automatically controlled boiler and placed in the basket. The bottom and sides of the basket are made in form of a sieve with cells. The device contains means for creating pressure for forcing material from the salvaged ammunition through the sieve. The table, tub and basket are made of spark-safe materials and are grounded.

EFFECT: creation of an alternative method and device with high reliability and durability, as it does not allow unauthorized operation of explosives.

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Description

The claimed group of inventions relates to the industry for the processing of high explosives, and in particular to the processing of checkers made on the basis of high-melting wax phlegmatized high-melting explosives (non-polymer base), such as RDX or HMX. The growing need for demilitarization and conversion of defective and manufactured many years ago charges, the shelf life of which expires, in particular, artillery, and the need for appropriate equipment, as well as the economic need to reuse unused valuable substances, require an expansion of the arsenal and improvement of methods and technical means, intended for this purpose.

Currently, in the process of disposal of ammunition (demand), along with metal, waste of high-explosive explosives is also formed. They are pieces of pressed explosives of various shapes, contaminated on the outside with paper, oil, etc. It is not possible to use them in this form. For the most part, they are destroyed (burned) or sent to industry enterprises for processing.

Processing of checkers is carried out, as a rule, on hydraulic presses remotely. The checkers are crushed between the plates of the press; the fine fraction is sieved; the large pieces are pressed again. Or on the “mills”, representing the battle of a sieve, along which radial shafts roll, crushing pieces of explosives. Thus, for processing, it is required to transport waste to specialized enterprises, expensive equipment and low productivity, and ignition of explosives is not uncommon. The cost of explosives processed in this way is comparable to freshly made material.

Known methods for the elimination of TRT charges by burning charges have fundamental disadvantages: the high cost of cleaning the combustion products when burning large charges and the high fire and explosion hazard of destruction, especially when destroying defective charges (RU No. 2021560, 2087804).

A device and method for disposal of ballistic rocket solid fuels, consisting of a charge and a knife, additionally contains a tray for charges, a bath of water, a pusher, a hydraulic cylinder with a plate, a grate, an auger for feeding crumbs, a sieve for separating crumbs, a container for receiving crumbs. The crumb and water are captured by the auger and rise to the top, where the crumb with water falls on a sieve with a mesh size of 2 × 2 mm, the water drains down and again enters the water bath, the crumb is fed into a container, after which it is dried in a fluidized-bed dryer at temperature 80°C (RU No. 122474).

A method and device for the disposal of solid fuel charges for the manufacture of charges of industrial explosives are known, in which the charge attached to the body with an inseparable bottom is emptied, mounted on a rotation device and, during rotation, the pre-nozzle part of the body is separated. Then, with the help of a hydraulic cutting unit, the RT charge is cut into pieces in the form of wheels, and then a fraction of the charge under the cut-out ring of the body is crushed into crumbs. The resulting charge crumb, together with the water produced after hydrocutting, is either used as components for the manufacture of PVA, or burned in a furnace. (RU No. 2143660).

It is known to manufacture a cumulative industrial charge by joint pressing, recycled mixed blasting explosive (BB) and lining in the body. Explosives for charge pressing are made by mechanical grinding - crushing on a press of parts from blasting explosives after the expiration of their warranty period of storage. Explosive granules are made from parts removed from products taken out of service, as well as after the expiration of their warranty period of storage. The manufacture of a recycled high explosive is carried out by mechanical grinding of parts, for example, by crushing in a press until particles (granules) of the required size are obtained. The VVU granules of various shapes and sizes obtained after grinding the parts are sieved on sieves (RU No. 2298762, prototype)

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are:

- the need to use complex and expensive equipment;

- low profitability due to the destruction of substances suitable for further use;

- high energy intensity of the process of utilization of charges;

- the lack of the possibility of operational visual control of the recycling process;

- the need for complex transportation of explosive charges from storage sites to the place of demilitarization and manufacture of industrial charges.

Known solutions require a hydraulic press in a remote-controlled cab low productivity high risk of fire and explosion. It can only be performed at specialized enterprises

The technical problem to be solved by the present technical solution is to expand the arsenal and increase the efficiency of such technical means that ensure the disposal of charges based on high explosives, and their reuse for the manufacture of charges of industrial explosives.

The technical result achieved through the use of the claimed technical solution is to create an alternative method and device for the implementation of the purpose, which consists in the disposal of charges based on high explosives, with the possibility of manufacturing charges of industrial explosives from the utilized charges. The inventive method and device do not require complex equipment, do not require the transportation of recyclable charges in an explosive state, allow visual control of the implementation of such a process and minimize the loss of valuable explosives. Thus, the claimed group of technical solutions makes it possible to safely process explosive materials obtained during the disposal of ammunition practically at the place of their storage, without complex technological equipment. At the same time, to obtain a product comparable in quality to the source material, suitable for the production of almost all industrial charges of shaped-charge perforators, which can be sent to consumers or for production on site.

The essence of the invention in terms of the method lies in the fact that industrial explosives (powder) are obtained from blasting explosives of recycled ammunition, in which a recyclable cartridge dismantled from the ammunition, which is an explosive crystals pressed together, coated with a phlegmatizer, from the group: hexogen or octogen is heated to temperatures that do not lead to chemical changes in the substances that make up the checker for 5 to 15 minutes in a non-combustible liquid to the melting point of the phlegmatizer, at which the checker becomes loose, subjected to mechanical stress with a force of not more than 1 kg / cm ² and dispersed through a sieve with meshes of at least 0.8 mm and not more than 1.5 mm, resulting in a powder suitable for producing industrial explosive materials

In some particular cases of the implementation of the method, the disposable checker is heated in a non-combustible liquid to a temperature of 70-80°C, and before mechanical dispersion, moisture is removed from its surface by wiping the heated checker dry with a rag, followed by immediate dispersion through a sieve and obtaining a dry powder.

In other particular cases of the implementation of the method, the disposable pellet is heated in a non-combustible liquid to a temperature of 70-80°C, and mechanical dispersion through a sieve is carried out directly in hot water.

The manufacture of charges for products of industrial explosives from the obtained powder can be carried out by pressing or by mixing with a melt of TRINITROTOLUENE or DINITROTOLUENE (DNT or TNT), or by adding to other blasting explosives.

The essence of the invention in terms of the device lies in the fact that the device for implementing the method for producing industrial explosives from recycled ammunition consists of a table with a sieve built into it, a bath of water installed nearby, heated through a water jacket by circulating hot water in it, the temperature of which is provided an automatically controlled boiler, and baskets placed in the bath, the bottom and sides of which are made in the form of a sieve, as well as means for creating pressure for pushing substances from the disposed ammunition through the sieve, and the bath table and basket are made of spark-proof materials and are grounded.

The method and device for obtaining charges of industrial explosives from charges of high explosives of recyclable ammunition are carried out as follows.

The checker, made on the basis of high explosives, is removed from the cases of ammunition to be processed when removed from service, directly at the appropriate storage location. Before processing, the checker is cleaned of impurities, divided, if necessary, into pieces and placed in a bath on a sieve. Checkers of explosives from the transport container are moved to mesh baskets.

Such a checker is compressed among themselves, covered with a phlegmatizer (such as paraffin: for example, ceresin) explosive crystals, from the group: hexogen or octogen. Baskets are placed in a bathtub with hot water. The bath is heated remotely through a water jacket. The checker is heated (to temperatures within 70-80°C, which do not lead to chemical changes in the substances that make up the checker) for 5 to 15 minutes in a non-combustible liquid to the melting point of the phlegmatizer, at which the checker becomes friable. After heating (depending on the size), the checkers are removed from the hot water, cleaned of dirt from the outside. Placed on a table for dispersion. Without allowing cooling, the checker is subjected to mechanical pressure with the force necessary for dispersion by punching with a force of not more than 1 kg / cm² (guaranteeing that the explosive does not ignite from it) and dispersed through a sieve with optimal cells of at least0.8 mm and no more1.5. Manually or with a rolling pin, the checkers are kneaded and sifted through a sieve into a container, without decomposition of the explosive. The result is a powder suitable for re-pressing - making charges - industrial explosives

In some particular cases of implementation, the disposable checker is heated in a non-combustible liquid to a temperature of 70-80°C, and before mechanical dispersion, moisture is removed from its surface by wiping the heated checker dry with a rag, followed by immediate dispersion through a sieve and obtaining a dry powder.

In other particular cases of implementation, the disposable slab is heated in a non-combustible liquid to a temperature of 70-80°C, and mechanical dispersion through a sieve is carried out directly in hot water, through a sieve - a "false bottom". Immediately after that, in the same container, the checker is subjected to mechanical pressure. This is the same as if you put a colander in a pan, put a checker in a colander, after heating, wipe it through a sieve directly in water, the powder collects at the bottom of the pan), followed by drying the resulting powder.

To implement the proposed method for obtaining industrial explosives from recycled ammunition, a device is used, consisting of a table with a sieve built into it with optimal cells of at least0.8 mm and no more1.5 mm, a bath with water installed nearby, heated through a water jacket by circulating hot water in it, the temperature of which is provided by an automatically controlled boiler, and baskets placed in the bath, the bottom and sides of which are made in the form of a sieve with cells ~ 6 mm, as well as means for creating pressure for forcing substances from salvaged ammunition through a sieve, and the bath table and basket are made of non-sparking materials and grounded.

In particular cases, the manufacture of charges for products of industrial explosives from the resulting powder is carried out by all available (or conventional) methods, such as pressing. In other special cases, the production of checkers is carried out by mixing with a melt of TRINITROTOLUENE and DINITROTOLUENE (DNT or TNT) or by adding to other brisant explosives.

The device can be placed in a transport, for example, sea container.

The main structural elements in any implementation of the method and device are a hot water bath and a table with a built-in sieve with optimal cells of at least0.8 mm and no more1.5 mm. Thus, the claimed device is implemented directly at any object of storage of recycled ammunition using universal equipment, widely used in the industry.

The manufacture of charges for products of industrial explosives is carried out by all the usual technologies for these substances.

In some cases, the manufacture of charges for products of industrial explosives is made from a crushed mass (explosive powder) using pressing equipment.

In other cases, the crushed mass (explosive powder) can be used for the manufacture of charges for industrial explosives by mixing it with a melt of TRINITROTOLUENE or DINITROTOLUENE, or by adding it to other blasting explosives directly at the places of its production. In these cases, the powder is mixed with a melt of TNT or DNT, a plastic viscous-fluid mixture is obtained and poured into molds. TNT or DNT cools down, and a piece of industrial charge of the desired shape and weight is obtained. Also, if necessary, the hexogen powder obtained during the disposal of the explosive cartridge is added to the mixture for solid rocket fuels based on polymers to modify their performance.

The implementation of the proposed method and device is based on the following premises.

Checkers of blasting explosives (for example, based on hexogen or octogen) are made by pressing powdered phlegmatized explosives (explosive crystals coated with special WAX wax in English). In this case, the explosive particles stick together, air is removed, and the density of the checker is achieved, which is close to the density of the crystalline explosive (approximately two times higher than the bulk density of the powder state). This ensures the reliability of operation and other explosive characteristics of explosives. At temperatures from -50 to +50C, these are rock-hard materials that can detonate on impact.

Since the explosive crystals in the checkers are without access to light, air, moisture and other factors, and are also covered with a thin layer of wax (paraffin), the properties of the explosives practically do not change.

The technology for processing explosive checkers into a reusable conversion powder explosive is based on the fact that when heated to 70 - 80 ° C, the phlegmatizer (wax), which ensures the solidity and hardness of the checker, softens and the checker turns into powder by lightly pressing and sifting through an appropriate sieve with optimal cells not less than0.8 mm and no more1.5 mm, allowing to fully preserve the physical and chemical properties of the substance necessary for conversion use, and complete decomposition of the explosive does not occur.

Heating is carried out in a non-combustible liquid (for example, in water) to the required temperature, for most phlegmatizers no more than 80C. Since the liquid does not penetrate inside the checker, and the surface moisture is easily removed by wiping with a flannel, the explosive powder obtained in the process is practically dry.

Deforming mechanical loads can be applied alternately in different directions to all fragments of a collapsing product with a frequency of 1 Hz to 3 kHz.

When heated (in water) to 70-80C, the wax melts (softens), the disposed explosive block becomes soft, loose, which allows it to be sifted, squeezed (crumbles from compression with the force of the hand) through a sieve. At this point, the explosive particles cool down and the wax no longer sticks together, and a powder is obtained.

After sieving and, if necessary, drying, the resulting powder is suitable for the manufacture (pressing) of other products.

The technical solution makes it possible not to burn the explosive cartridges obtained during the disposal of ammunition, but to use the resulting powder for the conversion production (pressing) of industrial products, for example, for the mining and oil industries. Conversion explosives are also suitable (according to organizational factors) for use at temporary facilities - the construction of roads, canals, dams, blowout explosions, etc.

At the same time, it is possible and more expedient to organize it directly at the place of disposal of ammunition, so as not to pack, store, and transport explosives to factories.

As a result of the implementation of this invention receive:

1.Explosives in the form of a powder with consumer properties comparable to the original explosives.

2. The processing equipment is easy to manufacture, does not require special project premises, etc. It can be installed both permanently and in mobile installations (for example, container type).

3. The process is safe, because heating and dispersion of checkers is carried out in water.

4.Eco-friendly, because does not require a lot of resources, both energy and water.

5. Allows you to avoid (reduce) the number of operations for packing and transporting explosives (in the form of checkers).

Note: the technical solution is intended for use in the disposal of charges made on the basis of high explosives (a non-polymer base of crystals stuck together), such as RDX or HMX, but it is not intended for the processing of high explosives based on nitrocellulose, which are a monolithic structure .

Thus, as a result of the implementation of the claimed inventions, an alternative method and device is created that has high reliability and durability, since it does not allow unauthorized operation of explosives, and it is possible to implement inexpensive small-scale production in remote areas.

Claims (4)

1. A method for obtaining a powder suitable for obtaining industrial charges of explosives from checkers of high explosives of recycled ammunition, in which a dismantled cartridge dismantled from the ammunition, which is compressed among themselves, coated with a phlegmatizer, explosive crystals, from the group: hexogen or octogen, is heated to temperatures that do not lead to chemical changes in the substances that make up the checker, for 5 to 15 minutes in water to the melting point of the phlegmatizer, at which the checker becomes loose, subjected to mechanical stress with a force of not more than 1 kg / cm ² and dispersed through a sieve with cells not less than 0.8 mm and not more than 1.5 mm. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the heating of the disposed checker is carried out in water to a temperature of 70-80 ° C, and before mechanical dispersion, moisture is removed from its surface by wiping the heated checker dry with a rag, followed by immediate dispersion through a sieve and obtaining a dry powder. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the heating of the disposed checker is carried out in water to a temperature of 70-80 ° C, and mechanical dispersion through a sieve is carried out directly in hot water. 4. A device for obtaining a powder suitable for obtaining industrial explosives from recycled ammunition, according to paragraphs. 1-3, consisting of a table with a sieve built into it, a bath with water heated through a water jacket by circulating hot water in it, the temperature of which is provided by an automatically controlled boiler, and a basket placed in the bath, the bottom and sides of which are made in the form of a sieve with cells, as well as means of creating pressure for forcing material from salvaged ammunition through a sieve, and the table, bath and basket are made of non-sparking materials and grounded.