RU2794356C1 - Composition with fungicidal and growth-regulating activity for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related in particular to compositions for seed treatment. Composition for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops contains a 0.01% aqueous solution of [N,N-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalic acid] copper sulphate pentahydrate and a 0.01% aqueous solution of the cultural liquid of the mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242 in mass ratio 1:1.

EFFECT: proposed composition for pre-sowing seed treatment has a combined fungicidal and growth-regulating effect, high biological activity at a low consumption rate, and provides increased yields without chemical weeding of fields and additional application of mineral fertilizers.

1 cl, 4 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the field of new technologies for the production of environmentally balanced preparations for agriculture, in particular, to compositions that can be used as growth-stimulating and fungicidal preparations in the cultivation of crops.

Despite the successes achieved in the field of selection of disease-resistant varieties of grain crops, phytopathogenic microorganisms carry away 25 - 75% of the crop annually [Lukhmeev V.P. Protection of grain crops in the South Urals. Orenburg: OGAU. 2000. 340 p.]. Root and basal rots of cereal crops are caused by a complex of various pathogens, the main of which are helminthosporium pathogens (causative agent Bipolaris sorokiniand), fusarium pathogens (Fusarium nivale, F. graminearum, F. Culmorum, etc.), fungi of the genus Altemaria, whose virulent strains are not only cause diseases, but also produce a variety of dangerous toxins [Hannibal, F.B. Alternariosis of grain crops in the North-West of Russia and in Northern Europe / F.B. Hannibal // Plant Protection Conference; Management issues in plant protection and sustainable agriculture: research, development and information systems. Abstracts of reports. St. Petersburg - Pushkin., 2005, S. 25-26]. According to scientific studies conducted at the Bashkir State Agrarian University, the seed fund of most farms in the Republic of Bashkortostan practically lacks healthy material, almost every batch of seeds is to some extent infected with various pathogenic microorganisms [Ganiev, M.M. Plant protection chemicals / M.M. Ganiev, V.D. Nedorezkov, M.: KolosS, 2006, 248 s]. The use of presowing seed dressing with systemic fungicides can effectively increase productivity and reduce the development of phytopathologies in crops [Mironova, L.N. Study of the effect of Biodux on the productivity of some flower and ornamental plants / L.N. Mironova, A.A. Reut, A.F. Shaibakov, R.R., Yulbarisova // Modern gardening, 2013, No 3, C 1-6]. At the same time, systemic chemical fungicides increase the risk of contamination of crop products with various kinds of pollutants, affect not only the objects of suppression, but also many other types of agrobiocenosis, including beneficial soil microbiota [Hollomon, D.W. Fungicide resistance: Facing the challenge / D.W. Hollomon, Plant Protection Science. -2015. Vol. 51.-No4. -P.170-176]. In this regard, research on the development of new effective and environmentally friendly pesticides and agrochemicals for use in agriculture deserves great attention.

A composition is known [RF patent No. 2469536] in the form of a water-soluble powder containing tebuconazole and water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers from the group: beta-cylodextrin, arabinogalactan, hydroxyethyl starch, polyethylene glycol pectin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, in a mass ratio of 1: (1-5), respectively. The composition was obtained by the method of mechanochemical activation, the fungicidal activity of the composition was declared.

As a disadvantage, it should be noted that the composition is intended exclusively for combating root rot pathogens and does not have activity against other phytopathogens.

Known composition [RF patent No. 2585858], which allows to increase the germination of seeds. This composition includes a growth regulator (2-hydroxy-2-(4-methylaminophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoropropionic acid ethyl ester or a salt thereof), fungicides (tebuconazole and tetramethylthiuram disulfide in a ratio of 1.25:20.0), a derivative cellulose and water, characterized in that it additionally contains an antidote (naphthalic anhydride) and excipients with the following content of components (wt.%):

fungicide TMTD 19.0-20.0

fungicide TBA 1.0-1.25

naphthalic anhydride 1.0-5.0

growth regulator (PP) 0.0001-0.1

cellulose derivative 0.5-1.0

excipients 13.0-26.0

demineralized water - the rest

As a disadvantage, the complexity and multicomponent composition can be noted.

Known composition [RF patent No. 2592616] for pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cereals, which allows you to enhance growth processes, improve and strengthen the root system, increase grain productivity. The composition is obtained by mechanochemical activation, the ratio and composition of which is (in parts by weight): tebuconazole : natural or synthetic polymers : dried parts of plants with a saponin content of at least 20% - 1:4.5:1-1:5.5 :1.

As a disadvantage, it should be noted that the composition is obtained in special apparatuses - activators (ball, roller, vibration, and other impact-attrition mills), and this composition contains a large set of dried herbs and the composition of the composition may vary, and, therefore, this may adversely affect the quality characteristics of the composition.

It is believed that in the practice of agricultural production it is advisable to use an integrated system of processing, biological and chemical plant protection products, which leads to an additive and synergistic effect [Kolombet L.V. Scientific substantiation and practical implementation of the technology for creating fungal preparations for protecting plants from diseases: Ph.D. diss. doc. biol. Sciences. M. - 2006 - 42 p.].

In recent decades, the attention of researchers has been directed to a broad study of mycophilic fungi as producers of antibiotics with fungicidal and antibacterial action spectra, lytic enzymes and other valuable metabolic products [Burakaeva A.D. Mycophyllic fungi in the biotechnology of fungicidal preparations // Bulletin of the Orenburg State University, 2014.- No. 6 (167).- P. 98-103] / The most studied antagonist fungi are representatives of the genus Trichoderma [Kolombet L.V., Zhigletsova S.K. ., Derbyshev V.V., Uzhov D.V., Kosareva N.I., Bystrova E.V.

The authors [L. V. Kolombet, S. K. Jigletsova, V. V. Derbyshev, D. V. Ezhov, N. I. Kosareva, and E. V. Bystrova. Studies of Mycofungicid, a Preparation Based on Trichoderma viride, for Plant Infection Control // Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, Vol. 37, no. 1, 2001, pp. 98-102] a composition based on Trichoderma viride for presowing treatment as a fungicide of crops against phytopathogens with an efficiency of up to 65% is proposed.

The closest example [RF Patent No. 2171799] is an aqueous solution of a mixed salt of N,N'-tetramethylmethylenediamine with oxalic acid and copper sulphate (1), a water-soluble preparation with growth-stimulating activity, which allows increasing plant productivity.

As a disadvantage, relatively high consumption rates of the working fluid for pre-sowing seed treatment can be noted.

The technical result consists in improving the quality and yield of grain crops when using a composition consisting of a 0.01% aqueous solution of [N,N-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalate]copper sulfate pentahydrate of the general formula (1) and 0.01% of the cultural liquid Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F- 242.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the composition, consisting of a 0.01% aqueous solution. [N,N-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalate]copper sulfate pentahydrate of the general formula (1) and 0.01% of the culture liquid of Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242, used in pre-sowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, has a fungicidal and growth-stimulating effect, improves morphometric parameters and increases productivity of wheat plants.

Water-soluble amine salt (N,N'-tetramethylmethylenediamine copper oxalate sulfate pentahydrate at a concentration of 0.01% is promising as an effective herbicide and an agent that increases crop yields [Nabeeva R.A. Effect of presowing treatments of 1,3-aminosulfides and N,N -bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-thiourea on the physiological and biochemical processes of wheat plants: Abstract of the thesis of Candidate of Biology Ufa-2016.-24 p.].

The mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242 has established itself as an active producer of mycolytic enzymes and antibiotics with a fungicidal and antibacterial spectrum of action [RF Patent No. 2687340]. As a result of the selection of the optimal concentration of the cultural liquid for pre-sowing seed treatment, it was found that the greatest effect during germination was observed when using 0.01% of the cultural liquid [Burakaeva A.D., Petrova G.V. Influence of biologically active substances of a microsocpic fungus on the germination of legumes // Proceedings of the Kuban State University, 2019.-No. 81.- P.78-84].

The essence of the method consists in preparing a two-component composition from aqueous solutions of [N,N-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalate]copper sulfate pentahydrate (component A) and the culture fluid of the mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242 (component B). [N,N-Tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalic]copper sulfate pentahydrate obtained according to the well-known [RF patent No. 2171799] method and is a 0.01% aqueous solution. Component B - 0.01% aqueous solution of the culture fluid of the mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242, obtained according to the known [RF patent No. 2687340]. Both components were mixed in an amount of 1:1 (wt.). The consumption rate of the composition is 1 liter per 1 ton of seeds.

Significant differences of the proposed method:

In the proposed two-component composition, in contrast to the known ones, a 0.01% aqueous solution of [N,N′-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalate]copper sulfate pentahydrate and a 0.01% aqueous solution of the culture liquid of the mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242 are used. .

The composition has a combined fungicidal and growth-regulating effect at low concentrations of the initial components and makes it possible to increase the yield of grain crops.

The proposed method has the following advantages:

The composition consisting of [N,N'-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalate]copper sulfate pentahydrate and a strain of mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242] has a combined fungicidal and growth-regulating effect at low concentrations of the starting components.

The invention is illustrated by examples:

Example 1 Determination of fungicidal activity and phytotoxicity of the proposed composition

The antagonistic activity of our proposed composition against phytopathogenic microorganisms was determined by the method of diffusion in agar-agar [Egorov N.S. Microbe antagonists and biological methods for determining antibiotic activity. Moscow: Higher school, 1965, 212 s]. As test organisms, we used strains of phytopathogenic fungi that cause diseases of grain crops (Table 1), obtained from the collection of microorganisms of the Department of Microbiology, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. The greatest activity was shown against pathogens of root rot of cereal crops - Bipolaris sorokiniana, Helmintosporum sativum, Alternaria tenius and rust of cereals - Puccinia graminis (table 1).

Table 1. The spectrum of action of the composition against phytopathogenic fungi Diseases caused Test organisms Growth inhibition zones, mm Fusarium of cereal roots, red rot, "drunken bread" Fusarium roseum 22 Fusarium herbarum 21 Root rots of cereals Bipolaris sorokiniana 34 Helminthosporiosis of barley Helminthosporium sativum 34 Brown rust of cereals Puccinia graminis; 26 corn smut Ustilago zeae 19 Black rot of fruit and root rot of cereals Alternaria tenius, 22

Phytotoxicity of the proposed composition was determined according to the known method [Methods of soil microbiology / ed. D.G. Zvyagintsev. M: Kolos, 1983, pp. 178-179] and evaluated by the effect on the germination energy of soft spring wheat “Orenburgskaya 10”, hard spring wheat “Kharkovskaya 46” and soft winter wheat “Pionerskaya 32” harvest of 2019 with a natural level of infection of the sowing material obtained in experimental fields. Studies have shown that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the composition contributed to the stimulation of germination energy and laboratory germination of experimental crops (Tables 2, 3).

Table 2. Influence of the composition on the germination energy of spring wheat seeds Variety Option 2nd day after soaking 3rd day after soaking Number of germinated seeds In % of the total number Number of germinated seeds In % of the total number Orenburgskaya 10 Suggested Composition 43 93 50 100 Control (tap water) 33 66 42 84 Kharkivska 46 Suggested Composition 40 90 50 100 Control (tap water) thirty 60 40 80

Table 3. Influence of the composition on the vigor of germination and laboratory germination of winter wheat wheat cv. Pionerskaya 32” No. p / p Options 2 days 3 days 7 days Co-
resh-
ki,
cm Co-
resh-
ki,
PC. Total Qty
hatched seeds from 100 pcs. Co-
resh-
ki,
cm Co-
resh-
ki,
PC. Rost-ki,
cm Co-
resh-
ki,
cm Roots, pcs. Rost-ki,
cm 1 Control - distilled water. No No 90 No No 0.5 2.5 1-2 2.5 2 Component B 1.5 1 100 2.0 2 2.0 3.2 3 4.0 3 Component A 1.5 2 100 3.0 3 1.9 5.5 3 3.2 4 Suggested Composition 3.0 3 100 4.0 4 3.5 8.5 4-5 6.4

Based on the work carried out, it can be judged that the proposed composition at the selected concentrations has a stimulating effect on the growth processes of the plant, which is due to the suppression of both pathogenic and epiphytic microflora concentrated on wheat seeds.

Example 2. Evaluation of the effect of presowing seed treatment on morphometric parameters and yield of winter wheat plants.

Field tests were carried out with winter soft wheat of the Pioneer 32 variety at the educational and experimental site of the OSAU. The winter wheat variety "Pionerskaya 32" was created at the Orenburg State Agrarian University and entered into the State Register in 2006 for the Ural region. The variety is mid-early ripe, adapted to the steppe zones of cultivation, moderately susceptible to leaf rust and powdery mildew, weakly resistant to root rot [Glinushkin A.P. Wheat and bread: agro-ecological and technological effectiveness of spring wheat protection in the conditions of the steppe zone of the southern Urals. Saratov: Information Center "Nauka", 2009.198 s]. The consumption rate of the composition (mixture for seed treatment) was 1 liter per 1 ton. Seeds treated with tap water served as control. The experimental plots had an area of 2 m ² , the experiment was repeated four times. Distance between rows - 50 cm. Wheat sowing rate - 5 million germinating grains per hectare. Seeding depth - 3 cm.

Table 4. Summary data of field trials of presowing seed treatment for morphometric parameters and yield of Pionerskaya 32 winter wheat plants Options Consumption rate
drug, liter per 1 ton of seeds Productive Custis-
toast Number of grains in 1 colossus, pcs. Weight of grains from 1 colossus, g Weight of 1000 grains, g Biological yield c/ha Increase, % Control 1 1.20 28.47 1.1 30.75 26.10 - Component B 1 1.42 31.10 1.29 38.20 30.10 15.3 Component A 1 1.4 28.52 1.11 39.05 32.63 20.0 Suggested Composition 1
(0.5 component A +0.5 component B) 1.43 31.90 1.31 42.53 33.62 28.8

From the data in tables 4 it can be seen that the composition of [N,N-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalate]copper sulfate pentahydrate and the culture liquid of Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242 in the form of 0.01% solutions at a ratio of components 1:1 (wt.) has pronounced fungicidal and growth-stimulating activity and leads to an increase in grain yield by 28.8%. The consumption rate of each component is halved and in total is 1 liter of the composition per 1 ton of seeds. With the separate use of components in the same concentration, the effect of seed treatment on the productivity of winter wheat plants provides an increase in yield of 15.3% (component B) and 20% (component A) and a higher consumption rate (each of them in quantities of at least 1 liter per 1 ton of seeds).

Claims (1)

Composition for presowing treatment of seeds of grain crops, characterized in that it contains a 0.01% aqueous solution of [N,N-tetramethylmethylenediamine oxalic acid] copper sulfate pentahydrate and a 0.01% aqueous solution of the cultural fluid of the mycophilic fungus Hypomyces odoratus VKPM F-242 in a mass ratio of 1:1.