RU2798580C1 - Preparation for treatment of seeds of grain crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: preparation for seed treatment of grain crops is characterized in that the seeds of spring crops are sprayed with a 0.01% aqueous solution of the preparation, consisting of 30% pine tar, 10% isopropyl alcohol, and distilled water - the rest.

EFFECT: increasing the dispersion of working fluids, improving the retention of fungicides on the surface of seeds, increasing the biological activity of fungicides, and increasing crop yields.

1 cl, 7 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used to prepare compositions for seed treatment.

Spring barley is one of the main food, fodder and industrial crops with many advantages. The leading place in the world in the cultivation of spring barley is occupied by the Russian Federation, despite the rather high reduction in the area under this crop.

There are several reasons for the low yield of spring barley, but one of the main reasons is the unfavorable phytosanitary situation that develops in the initial stages of plant development in agrophytocenoses. An unstable phytosanitary situation caused by the reproduction of pests and diseases and the damage caused by them can significantly reduce grain quality and yield. It is noted that about 20-30 million tons of grain are lost every year in the country from diseases, and there are practically no batches of seeds without the presence of pathogenic organisms [Khaziev A.Z., Zaitseva T.V., Khakimullina F.M. The role of seed dressing in the fight against root rot // Protection and quarantine of plants. 2015. - No. 3. - S. 20-23. (1)].

A large number of diseases are recorded on spring barley, helminthosporium and fusarium root rot are considered the most harmful [Toropova E.Yu., Glinushkin A.P., Selyuk M.P. et al. Development of soil infections in spring wheat and barley under the influence of hydrothermal stresses in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia and the Trans-Urals // Russian Agricultural Science. 2018. - No. 2. - S. 25-29. (2)]. According to a number of authors [Shpanev A.M., Laptiev A.B. Phytosanitary situation in grain crops in the south-east of the Central Chernobyl // Grain Economy of Russia. - 2012. -№5. - S. 65-69. (3); Sheshegova T.K., Shchekleina L.M. Dependence of the development of root rot of grain crops on weather conditions and varieties // Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2016. - No. 10. - S. 17-19. (4)] these diseases are most often observed on barley crops when assessing the phytosanitary state of fields occupied by the crop.

Root rot pathogens (Bipolaris sorokiniana) infect plants throughout the entire growth period, starting from the earliest stages of ontogenesis. In the early stages of the lesion, the death of seedlings on crops and their sparseness occur, then, at later stages, non-earing of shoots, grain frailty or empty ears appear. Plant productivity directly depends on the degree of plant damage by the disease and can be further aggravated by adverse environmental factors that can cause an even stronger manifestation of root rot. The impact of the disease directly affects the sparseness of crops, and at later stages of development affects such indicators as the number of grains per ear, the mass of grain per ear and the mass of 1000 seeds [Sidorov A.A. Root rot of grain crops (etiology, pathogenesis, varietal resistance, protection against diseases): abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences, - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. - Moscow, 2003 - 36 p. (5)].

According to the results of the experiments [Grigoriev M.F. Types of root rot of grain crops and pathogenic complexes of their pathogens in the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia / M. F. Grigoriev // News of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2019. - No. 6. - S. 87-100. (6)]. root rot can be caused by a different complex of pathogenic organisms, even those that have not been previously noted, and it has also been proven that their harmfulness will directly depend on the species ratio of pathogens. During the growing season, phytopathogenic micromycetes from the genus Fusarium Link and Bipolaris sorokiniana can parasitize barley roots. In the course of accounting, it was found that as the cultivated plant developed, the development of the disease increased by 2-3 times and by the end of the growing season was approximately 53% [Baginova I.V., Sobolev V.A., Tsybikov B.B. Infection of seeds of grain crops with root rot in Buryatia // In the collection: Topical issues of development of the agricultural sector of the Baikal region materials of the scientific and practical conference dedicated to the Day of Russian Science. Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippova. - 2019. - S. 28-32. (7)].

A number of authors [Lapina V.V., Smolin N.V. Protection of spring crops from root rot. Saransk: Publishing House of Mordov. un-ta, 2014. - 268 p. (8); Sheshegova T.K. Analysis of the phytosanitary state of the soil of spring grain crops in the Kirov region (analytical review) // Agrarian science of the Euro-North-East. - 2015. - No. 5 (48). - S. 10-14. (9)] draws attention to the dependence of the dynamics of the spread of root rot on weather conditions. High temperatures over 25°C contribute to the development of this disease on spring barley crops, and the degree of damage to the seed material, the presence of infectious microorganisms in the soil, and the moisture reserves in the soil also have a great influence.

A number of authors [Ivanchenko T.V., Igolnikova I.S. The effect of chemical agents and tank mixtures affecting spring barley plants and the harmfulness of pathogens in the conditions of the lower Volga region // Scientific and agronomic journal. - 2018. - No. 1 (102). - S. 39-42. (10)] in the analysis of experimental samples of crops revealed that all batches were infected with root rot, and the total percentage of infection was 61%. The authors note that the most effective way to protect spring barley is a chemical method of protection, since the use of dressing agents and their tank mixtures contributes to the best reduction in the spread of infection.

At the same time, in modern agriculture, biopreparations, including dressing agents, are beginning to occupy an ever wider position, especially in connection with the cultivation of environmentally friendly (organic) products [Morozov D.O. Biologized system for the protection of grain crops // AgroSnabForum. - 2015. - No. 5 (133). - P.33. (eleven); Igolnikova L.V. Biotechnology of cultivation of field crops // Scientific and agronomic journal. - 2019. - No. 1 (104). - S. 31-37. (12); Emelev S.A. Activity of biological seed treaters on spring barley // Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. - 2020. - No. 9 (191). - S. 5-10. (13)].

The most cost-effective and efficient agrotechnical, as well as quite environmentally friendly way to protect spring cereals is the use of fungicides. Thanks to the use of fungicides, plants are protected from a whole range of diseases. It is also worth noting that at present, biopreparations are actively used as disinfectants that can significantly reduce costs and reduce the pesticide load on the environment [Scherbakov A.V. The future is for biologized agriculture // AgroForum. - 2022. - No. 1. - S. 14-15. (14)].

Known fungicide benomyl (foundazol), used for dressing seeds of wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, millet and other crops at consumption rates of 1-1.5 kg/t [Melnikov N.N. Pesticides and plant growth regulators. Directory. M.: Chemistry, 1995. S. 219. (15)].

Known fungicide carboxin (vitavax) used for dressing seeds of cereals in the fight against loose smut and other diseases at consumption rates of 1.5-2.6 kg/t [Melnikov N.N. Pesticides and plant growth regulators. Directory. M.: Chemistry, 1995. S. 251-252. (16)].

Known composition for seed treatment [RF Patent 1467805, Publ. 02/23/1991. (17)], containing the active ingredient and excipients, including a dispersant, in which it contains a concentrate of sulphite-alcohol stillage (KSSB) in the amount of 6.0-7.0 wt. %.

The disadvantage of the known drugs is that they are presented in the form of wettable powders and aqueous suspensions, which become unstable during storage, agglomeration of solid particles occurs, resulting in a decrease in the retention of the fungicide on the surface of the seeds, and an increase in the dose of the active ingredient is required. In addition, these drugs are not effective enough against a number of pathogens of cereal crops.

In recent years, triterpene compounds have been of particular interest to plant physiologists and agronomists, which in the evolutionary aspect are the most ancient regulators of plant growth and development [Kintya P.K., Fadeev Yu.M., Akimov Yu.A. Terpenoids of plants / P.K. Kintya, - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1990. - 152 p. (18)].

Interest in this group of compounds is due to a wide range of their effects on plants, the ability to regulate individual stages of growth and development in order to mobilize the potential of the plant organism, and, therefore, use them as stimulants to increase the yield of agricultural products.

The objective of the invention is to increase the dispersion of working fluids, improve the retention of fungicides on the surface of seeds, increase the biological activity of fungicides, increase crop yields.

The preparation for seed treatment of grain crops is characterized in that the seeds of spring crops are sprayed with a 0.01% aqueous solution of the preparation, consisting of 30% pine tar, 10% isopropyl alcohol, and distilled water - the rest.

Pine tar [RF Patent 2578695, Publ. 03/27/2016. Bull. No. 9. (19)] - a product of dry distillation of coniferous wood. Tar is used as a disinfectant, insecticide for the treatment of skin diseases as part of many ointments widely used in medicine. Due to the content of phenols and resins, tar has a strong restorative, antiseptic, antiparasitic, drying, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic effect; reduces erythema, soothes itching. In chronic allergic dermatoses and some other infiltrative processes in the skin, tar has a resolving effect, reduces skin hyperemia.

Isopropyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a strong alcohol odor. Isopropanol dissolves well natural and some synthetic resins, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, most oils, an excellent disinfectant used in medicine and veterinary medicine. In developed countries, isopropanol is widely used in personal care products and medicine due to its relatively low toxicity.

The objects of research were plants of spring barley (Triticum aestivum L) varieties Zazersky 85. A fungicidal disinfectant (90 g/l difenoconazole + 45 g/l tebuconazole) was used as a reference drug. The study drug was used as an aqueous solution at concentrations of 0.1; 0.01; 0.001% (10.0; 1.0; 0.1 ml/l).

Plant seeds for the experiment were sterilized in 70% ethanol, then washed with distilled water. After exposure for 18 hours in distilled water solutions (control) 0.1; 0.01; 0.001% solutions of the studied drug determined the energy of growth and germination in Petri dishes. Growth energy was determined on the 3rd day, laboratory germination on the 7th.

Seeds to establish the effect of drugs on the complex of pathogens were treated with drugs based on the calculation of 10 liters of working solution per 1 ton of seeds. 14 days after dressing, it was germinated in a humid chamber [GOST 12044-93. Methods for determining the incidence of diseases (20)].

Determination of growth energy showed that the studied drug at a concentration of 0.1% significantly inhibited growth processes. In this variant, the decrease was 27%. At low concentrations of the studied drug, 0.01% and 0.001%, the energy was higher than at the control by 3 and 2%, respectively. It should also be noted a decrease in the energy of growth on a fungicidal protectant compared to the control due to a certain retardant effect of the active ingredients of the drug (table 1).

The determination of seed germination was determined on the 7th day of the experiment. The trend established earlier has recurred. The study drug at a concentration of 0.1% significantly reduced the indicator due to the high content of active substances in the solution. No significant differences were found between the control and variants with a concentration of 0.01% and 0.001%. Fungicidal protectant significantly reduced the laboratory germination of barley seeds by 8% (table 2).

Thus, it should be concluded that there is no retardant effect of the drug based on pyrolysis products of wood resins at concentrations of 0.01% and 0.001%.

Seeds after treatment with the studied preparation and a fungicidal disinfectant to identify external and internal infection with diseases were germinated in a humid chamber. Seeds were laid out in Petri dishes without disinfection. Incubation was 14 days at 10°C in the dark. The analysis of the complex of pathogens is presented in Table. 3.

Facultative parasite Alternaria spp. was present on more than half of the seeds selected for the study. The best effect in its suppression was noted when using a chemical fungicide as a disinfectant. At the same time, the drug under study reduced the spread of Alternaria spp. by 40-50%.

Barley root rot pathogen Fusarium spp. also determined on almost half of the seeds of the control variant. The decrease in the treatment of seeds with the studied preparation was less effective in comparison with the chemical disinfectant by 12-23%.

Saprophytes that cause mold in the seeds of Mucor mucedo L. and Rizopus sp. met on single seeds.

Thus, it was found that the effective concentration of the drug solution is in the range of 0.01-0.001%. In this interval, the following laboratory studies of barley roll culture were continued.

To establish the effect of the studied drug on the intensity of seed damage by fungal pathogens, seeds were germinated in rolls for 14 days until phase 2 of this leaf (Table 4). For seed germination, two layers of filter paper moistened to full moisture capacity were used. The size of filter paper strips for each sample of 50 seeds is 10×55 cm (±2 cm).

In the control variant, after 14 days of seed germination, a high degree of spread of the pathogen complex was established - more than 58%.

The use of a fungicidal protectant significantly reduced this indicator - by 50%. Although the studied drug was inferior to the synthetic protectant in its action, significant differences with the control were also noted at all studied concentrations. The decrease in the spread of pathogens was 19-27%.

An important parameter in establishing the effect of drugs on a complex of pathogens is the degree of development of diseases, since it determines the effect of diseases on the further growth and development of seedlings. Our data indicate a significant lesion of experimental plants in the control - a little less than 50% of necrosis (table 5).

Treatment of synthetic seeds with a fungicidal disinfectant significantly reduced the development of diseases. Light damage was noted in 15% of the studied plants, and their damage score was lower by 1.6 compared to the control. Seed treatment with the studied drug reduced the intensity of damage by 11–26% compared to the control, but was also significantly inferior to the variant with the use of a disinfectant based on synthetic chemical compounds.

It should be noted that the use of fungicidal protectants, despite the high efficiency in the fight against a complex of pathogens, negatively affects the growth of seedlings. The decrease in the length of the seedling compared with the control was 0.8 cm (Table 6).

At the same time, the use of the studied drug, along with a decrease in plant damage, had a positive effect on the increase in the length of seedlings. Compared with the control, this parameter increased by 0.5-1.4 cm.

Another pattern was established when analyzing the length of barley roots. The fungicidal protectant slightly increased this indicator - by 0.8 cm on average for the experiment (Table 7). This is largely due to a decrease in the development of root rot in this variant.

The studied drug consistently increased the root length compared to the control - by 0.1 cm in the variant with a concentration of 0.01%, by 0.3 cm in the variant with a concentration of 0.001%. this indicator.

Thus, the conducted studies indicate the possibility of using the studied preparation for dressing spring crops at a concentration of 0.01% (10 ml/l) to reduce the negative impact of abiotic factors and to increase resistance to a complex of pathogens.

The conducted studies allowed us to establish the most effective range of concentrations of the studied drug - 0.01%.

It was revealed that the studied drug significantly increases the laboratory germination of seeds, the length of the sprout and root of spring barley compared to the control variant.

At a concentration of 0.01-0.001%, the drug reduces the intensity of the development of spring barley pathogens, but is significantly inferior in effectiveness to synthetic protectants. At the same time, the drug does not have an inhibitory effect on the development of barley seedlings, in contrast to the fungicide.

Thus, in field trials of the drug it is rational to use it as a seed dressing agent (10 ml/l).

Sources of information accepted during the examination:

1. Khaziev A.Z., Zaitseva T.V., Khakimullina F.M. The role of seed dressing in the fight against root rot // Protection and quarantine of plants. 2015. - No. 3. - S. 20-23.

2. Toropova E.Yu., Glinushkin A.P., Selyuk M.P. et al. Development of soil infections in spring wheat and barley under the influence of hydrothermal stresses in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia and the Trans-Urals // Russian Agricultural Science. 2018. - No. 2. - S. 25-29.

3. Shpanev A.M., Laptiev A.B. Phytosanitary situation in grain crops in the south-east of the Central Chernobyl // Grain Economy of Russia. - 2012. - No. 5. - S. 65-69.

4. Sheshegova T.K., Shchekleina L.M. Dependence of the development of root rot of grain crops on weather conditions and varieties // Plant Protection and Quarantine. 2016. - No. 10. - S. 17-19.

5. Sidorov A.A. Root rot of grain crops (etiology, pathogenesis, varietal resistance, protection against diseases): abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Biological Sciences, - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. - Moscow, 2003 - 36 p.

6. Grigoriev M.F. Types of root rots of grain crops and pathogenic complexes of their pathogens in the central Non-Chernozem region of Russia / M.F. Grigoriev // Proceedings of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2019. - No. 6. - S. 87-100.

7. Baginova I.V., Sobolev V.A., Tsybikov B.B. Infection of seeds of grain crops with root rot in Buryatia // In the collection: Topical issues of the development of the agricultural sector of the Baikal region materials of the scientific and practical conference dedicated to the Day of Russian Science. Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V.R. Filippova. - 2019. - S. 28-32.

8. Lapina V.V., Smolin N.V. Protection of spring crops from root rot. Saransk: Publishing House of Mordov. un-ta, 2014. - 268 p.

9. Sheshegova T.K. Analysis of the phytosanitary state of the soil of spring grain crops in the Kirov region (analytical review) // Agrarian science of the Euro-North-East. - 2015. - No. 5 (48). - S. 10-14.

10. Ivanchenko T.V., Igolnikova I.S. The effect of chemical agents and tank mixtures affecting spring barley plants and the harmfulness of pathogens in the conditions of the lower Volga region // Scientific and agronomic journal. - 2018. - No. 1 (102). - S. 39-42.

11. Morozov D.O. Biologized system for the protection of grain crops // AgroSnabForum. - 2015. - No. 5 (133). - S. 33.

12. Igolnikova L.V. Biotechnology of cultivation of field crops // Scientific and agronomic journal. - 2019. - No. 1 (104). - S. 31-37.

13. Emelev S.A. Activity of biological seed treaters on spring barley // Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University. - 2020. - No. 9 (191). - S. 5-10.

14. Shcherbakov A. V. The future belongs to biologized agriculture // AgroForum. - 2022. - No. 1. - S. 14-15.

15. Melnikov N.N. Pesticides and plant growth regulators. Directory. M.: Chemistry, 1995. S. 219.

16. Melnikov N.N. Pesticides and plant growth regulators. Directory. M.: Chemistry, 1995. S. 251-252.

17. Patent RF 1467805, Publ. 02/23/1991.

18. Kintya P.K., Fadeev Yu.M., Akimov Yu.A. Terpenoids of plants / - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1990. - 152 p.

19. RF patent 2578695, Publ. 03/27/2016. Bull. No. 9.

20. GOST 12044-93. Methods for determining the incidence of diseases.

Claims (1)

Preparation for seed treatment of grain crops, characterized in that the seeds of spring crops are sprayed with a 0.01% aqueous solution of the preparation, consisting of 30% pine tar, 10% isopropyl alcohol and distilled water - the rest.