RU2778497C1 - Method for combining stripping operations in a quarry with the reclamation of the upper dump tier with a dragline - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method relates to mining, in particular to open-pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open-pit mining, and can be used in the reclamation of overburden dumps. The method for combining overburden work in a quarry with the reclamation of the upper dump tier by a dump walking dragline excavator includes the creation by a bulldozer of a collar of a fertile soil layer (FSL) 1.5–3 m high on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator’s entry with a straight shovel, separate extraction by a straight shovel of a FSL with a bulldozer diluted overburden under the collar and shipment to the delivered railway train in dump cars allocated for the FSL. Alternate loading by excavator of ordinary overburden rocks into the remaining dump cars in the composition, their transportation to a dump, their alternate unloading into a pit, transshipment of ordinary overburden rocks by a dump walking excavator into the lower substage. Transshipment of FSL with impoverished overburden under the collar to the upper substage. Initially, a FSL collar is created with a bulldozer in the extreme left sector of the entry. With a straight shovel excavator, sequentially in space, the excavation of ordinary overburden and its shipment to dump cars is performed by sectors in the entry. Then, the FSL shoulder is excavated with diluted overburden rocks under the irregular trapezoidal prism shoulder in the volume of a given shipment value in one dump car. Dump cars with ordinary overburden from the arrived railway train are unloaded to the dump to the far part of the pit in the direction of the dump walking dragline excavator, and dump cars with FSL with diluted overburden under the shoulder are unloaded into the near part of the pit towards laying the FSL in the upper substage.

EFFECT: improving the quality of the reclamation mixture, including a fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus, during the reclamation of the upper dump layer.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to mining, in particular to open-pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open-pit mining, and can be used in the reclamation of overburden dumps.

State of the art

A known method of removing the fertile soil layer during earthworks (GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Requirements for determining the norms for removing the fertile soil layer during earthworks. Nature Protection. Earth: Sat. GOSTs. - M .: IPK Publishing House of Standards, 2002), including the requirement of a mass fraction of humus in the lower boundary of the fertile soil layer in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of at least two percent.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of reclamation work on the application of a reclamation layer on the site of overburden dumps.

The closest object is the method of combining overburden operations with the works of the mining stage of dump reclamation (Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - P. 104-110), including the creation by a bulldozer of a collar of a fertile soil layer (FSL) with a height of 1.5–3 m on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator's entry with a straight shovel, separate extraction by an excavator of a straight shovel of the FSP, with diluted overburden rocks under the collar and loading into a given railway train into allocated under PSP dump cars, shipment by excavator of ordinary overburden rocks, entry into the remaining dump cars in the composition, their transportation to the dump, their next unloading into the pit, transshipment of ordinary overburden rocks by a dump walking dragline excavator into the lower substage, and PSP, with impoverished overburden rocks under the collar , to the upper substage.

The disadvantage of the closest object is the low quality of the reclamation mixture in the form of a fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result is to improve the quality of the reclamation mixture, including a fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus, during the reclamation of the upper dump tier.

The present technical result is achieved in a method for combining overburden work in a quarry with the reclamation of the upper dump tier by a dragline dump walking excavator, including the creation of a 1.5–3 m high fertile soil layer (FSL) collar by a bulldozer on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator's entry, a straight shovel, separate extraction by excavator straight shovel PSP with diluted overburden rocks under the collar and shipment to the submitted railway train into dump cars allocated for PSP, alternate shipment by excavator straight shovel of ordinary overburden rocks entering into the remaining dump cars in the composition, transporting them to a dump, alternately unloading them into a pit, transshipment ordinary overburden with a dump walking dragline excavator into the lower substage, and the PSP with diluted overburden under the collar into the upper substage, and the technological processes are performed in the following sequence:

initially create a PSP collar with a bulldozer in the extreme left sector of the entry,

using a straight shovel excavator, successively in space, the excavation of ordinary overburden is performed by sectors in the entry and its shipment to dump cars,

then, the PSP shoulder is excavated with diluted overburden rocks under the shoulder of an irregular trapezoidal prism in the amount of a given shipment value in one dump car,

dump cars with ordinary overburden from the arrived train to the dump are unloaded into the far part of the pit in the direction of the dump walking dragline excavator, and dump cars with PSP with diluted overburden under the shoulder are unloaded into the near part of the pit towards laying the PSP in the upper substage.

The distinguishing features are:

technological processes are performed in the following sequence:

initially create a PSP collar with a bulldozer in the extreme left sector of the entry,

using a straight shovel excavator, successively in space, the excavation of ordinary overburden is performed by sectors in the entry and its shipment to dump cars,

then the excavation of the PSP collar with diluted overburden rocks under the collar of an irregular trapezoidal prism is carried out in the amount of a given shipment value in one dump car, this sequence of actions allows improving the quality of the reclamation mixture, including the fertile soil layer with diluted rocks of the upper overburden ledge, to concentrate in its extreme left shipment sector entrances for reclamation of the upper dump tier;

dump cars with ordinary overburden from the arriving train to the dump are unloaded into the far part of the pit in the direction of the dump walking dragline excavator, and dump cars with PSP with diluted overburden under the shoulder are unloaded into the near part of the pit in the direction of laying the PSP in the upper substage, this makes it possible to form the lower subtier with a dump walking dragline excavator with an optimal small angle of rotation for unloading, as well as to form the upper subtier with an increased quality of the reclamation mixture in the form of a mass fraction of humus.

Comparison of the proposed solution with analogue and prototype did not reveal in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, this allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" is met.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the separate extraction of PSP with elements of impoverishment by overburden rocks, when working out the face of the upper overburden ledge with a quarry excavator, a straight shovel, including: 1 - 8 - sectors of excavation of overburden rocks of the upper ledge and loading them into the next dump car; 9 - cross-section of the triangular prism CDE collar PSP; 11 – height of the upper overburden ledge; 12 - the width of the open pit excavator straight shovel; 13 – bottom of the upper overburden ledge; 14 - axis of the railway track at the foot of the ledge; 15 - the axis of the career excavator straight shovel;

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the reclamation of the upper dump tier by a dump walking dragline excavator, including: 16 - the axis of the dragline walking dump excavator; 17 - the width of the excavator's dump entry straight shovel; 18 - the axis of the railway track on the roof of the upper tier of the dump; 19 - part of the pit on the dump layer for receiving PSP; 20 - part of the pit on the dump tier for receiving ordinary overburden; 21 - the height of the upper dump under tier for receiving PSP, with diluted overburden rocks under the shoulder of an irregular trapezoidal prism; 22 - the height of the lower dump under tier for receiving ordinary overburden.

Implementation of the invention

In the structure of the complex mechanization of the experimental site for combining overburden operations with the works of the mining stage of dump reclamation in the form of separate extraction by an excavator of a straight shovel of a PSP collar, with diluted overburden rocks under the collar and loading of the reclamation mixture into railway dump cars, it is planned to use: a mining excavator straight shovel EKG-12.5 in the amount of one unit, one T-170 bulldozer, twelve 2VS-105 railway dump cars, one TEM-7 diesel locomotive, one ESH-10/70 moldboard walking dragline excavator. The average height 11 of the overburden ledge 10 is 12 m. The width of the entry 12 of the straight shovel excavator is 19 m. the farthest line of entry of the excavator straight shovel. A straight shovel mining excavator, moving along axis 15, works out the face in the following technological sequence: initially, it excavates ordinary overburden in prisms in sectors 1-7 of the entry and ships this ordinary overburden into dump cars of the supplied composition in a volume of 50 m ³ into the next dump car. At the next stage, the straight shovel excavator excavates the PSP collar 9 with diluted overburden under the collar in the volume of an irregular trapezoidal prism of sector 8 in the form of a polygon ABCDE, in the amount of a given amount of PSP loading into one dump car, which is located on the railway track with axis 14 at the foot of the ledge 13 The process is repeated until the train is fully loaded. Next, they are transported to the dump. On the roof of the upper dump tier, located on the railway track with axis 18, from the delivered train, the next unloading of wagons into the pit is performed, and dump cars with ordinary overburden, from the arrived train to the dump, are unloaded into the far part of the pit 20 in the direction of the dump walking dragline excavator, and dump cars with PSP, with diluted overburden under the shoulder, unload into the near part 19 of the pit towards laying it in the upper sub-tier 21 with the width of the moldboard entry 17. Transshipment of ordinary overburden rocks is performed in the lower sub-tier 22 by a dump walking excavator dragline advancing along the axis 16. In the above example, the body of the upper dump tier is divided into two layers in the form of sub-tiers with the ratio of rocks placed in the upper dump tier is 1/7.

Fertile soil layer, including chernozem
with a humus content of up to 10% and potentially fertile rocks, which include clays, sands, sandy loams, loams, etc. with a humus content in the range of 1.2 - 2.5% [2]. The humus content in the prepared reclamation mixture placed in the upper under tier 21 of the prototype was 2.5%, the humus content in the prepared reclamation mixture of the experimental site of the proposed object under tier 21 was 2.6%.

The improvement in the quality of the reclamation mixture, including the fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus, during the reclamation of the upper dump layer, was 4%.

Sources of information

1. GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Requirements for determining the norms for removing the fertile soil layer during excavation. Protection of Nature. Lands: Sat. GOSTs. - M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2002;

2. Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov and others - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - p. 104-110.

Claims (1)

A method for combining overburden work in a quarry with the reclamation of the upper dump tier by a dump walking dragline excavator, including the creation by a bulldozer of a collar of a fertile soil layer (FSL) 1.5–3 m high on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator stop, a straight shovel, separate extraction by an excavator a straight shovel of the FSP with diluted overburden under the shoulder and shipment to the delivered railway train in the dump cars allocated for the PSP, alternately loading ordinary overburden rocks with a straight shovel, entering into the remaining dump cars in the train, transporting them to a dump, sequentially unloading them into a pit, transshipment of ordinary overburden rocks by dump walking excavator into the lower substage, and the PSP with diluted overburden under the collar into the upper substage, characterized in that the technological processes are performed in the following sequence: initially, the PSP collar is created with a bulldozer in the extreme left sector of the entry, with a straight shovel after Consequently, in space, excavation of ordinary overburden and its shipment to dump cars are performed in sectors, and then they excavate the collar of the PSP with diluted overburden rocks under the collar of an irregular trapezoidal prism in the amount of a given shipment value in one dump car, dump cars with ordinary overburden from the arrived railway train to the dump unload to the far part of the pit in the direction of the dump walking dragline excavator, and dump cars with PSP with diluted overburden under the shoulder are unloaded to the near part of the pit in the direction of laying the PSP in the upper substage.

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