RU2774449C1 - Method for selective excavation of the soil layer with elements of impoverishment by overburden rocks during the development of overburden slaughter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, in particular to the development of deposits by an open method and the restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, and can be used in the reclamation of overburden dumps. The method for selective excavation of the soil layer with elements of impoverishment by overburden during the development of an overburden face includes the creation by a bulldozer of a collar of a fertile soil layer (FSL) 2–3 m high on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator's entry with a straight shovel, separate extraction by an excavator of the FSL with diluted overburden rocks under the collar and loading into the delivered train in the dump cars allocated for the FSL, loading by an excavator of ordinary overburden rocks into the remaining dump cars in the composition, separate extraction by an excavator of a PSP shoulder with diluted overburden rocks under the shoulder is performed in the volume of a trapezoidal prism with the small base of the latter located at the bottom of the ledge. A mining excavator works out the face in the following technological sequence: initially, it excavates the shoulder of the FSL with diluted overburden under the shoulder in the volume of a trapezoidal prism by extending the bucket handle to full depth and, if necessary, approaching the face, as well as turning the bucket when excavating around the excavator’s axis of rotation, in the volume of the specified value of the shipment of the FSL. At the next stage, the excavator excavates ordinary overburden along the stop, located towards the railway dump car, to the depth of excavation of the FSL shoulder. Then the excavator performs excavation of the overburden in the entry, located towards the side of the quarry, and ships the ordinary overburden into the dump cars of the delivered composition. The technical result is to improve the quality of the reclamation mixture,

EFFECT: improving the quality of the reclamation mixture, including a fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to mining, in particular to the development of deposits by an open method and the restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, and can be used in the reclamation of overburden dumps.

State of the art

A known method of removing the fertile soil layer during earthworks (GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Requirements for determining the norms for removing the fertile soil layer during earthworks. Nature Protection. Earth: Sat. GOSTs. - M .: IPK Publishing House of Standards, 2002), including the requirement of a mass fraction of humus in the lower boundary of the fertile soil layer in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of at least two percent.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of reclamation work on the application of a reclamation layer on the upper platform of overburden dumps.

The closest object is the method of selective excavation of the soil layer with elements of impoverishment by overburden during the development of overburden slaughter (Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - P. 104 -110), which includes the creation by a bulldozer of a collar of a fertile soil layer (PSP) 2-3 m high on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator's entry with a straight shovel, separate extraction by an excavator of the PSP, with diluted overburden under the collar in the volume of a rectangular prism and loading into a filed railway composition into dump cars allocated for PSP, shipment by excavator of ordinary overburden rocks, entry into the remaining dump cars in the composition.

The disadvantage of the closest object is the low quality of the reclamation mixture in the form of a fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result is to improve the quality of the reclamation mixture, including a fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus.

The present technical result is achieved in a method for selective excavation of the soil layer with elements of impoverishment by overburden rocks during overburden slaughter, including the creation of a 2-3 m high fertile soil layer (FSL) collar by a bulldozer on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator's entry with a straight shovel, separate extraction by the FSP excavator , with diluted overburden under the shoulder and loading into the delivered railway train into the dump cars allocated for the PSP, shipment by excavator of ordinary overburden entering into the remaining dump cars in the composition, and separate extraction of the PSP shoulder by the excavator, with diluted overburden under the shoulder, is performed in the volume of a trapezoidal prism with located by the small base of the latter on the bottom of the ledge, the mining excavator works out the face in the following technological sequence: initially, it excavates the PSP shoulder with diluted overburden rocks under the shoulder in the volume of a trapezoidal prism, by movement of the bucket handle to full depth and, if necessary, with an approach to the bottom, as well as turning the bucket during excavation around the axis of rotation of the excavator, in the amount of the specified value of the shipment of the PSP, the next step is the excavator excavates ordinary overburden along the stop located in the direction of the railway dump car to a depth excavation of the PSP shoulder, then the excavator performs the excavation of the ordinary overburden in the stop, located towards the side of the quarry and ships the ordinary overburden into the dump cars of the supplied composition.

The distinguishing features are:

separate extraction by an excavator of the PSP collar, with diluted overburden rocks under the collar, is performed in the volume of a trapezoidal prism with the small base of the latter located at the bottom of the ledge, this improves the quality of the reclamation mixture, including the fertile soil layer with diluted rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus;

a mining excavator works out the face in the following technological sequence: initially, it excavates the collar of the PSP with diluted overburden under the collar in the volume of a trapezoidal prism, by extending the bucket handle to full depth and, if necessary, approaching the face, as well as turning the bucket during excavation around the excavator's axis of rotation , in the volume of the predetermined value of the PSP shipment, the next step is the excavator excavating the ordinary overburden along the stop, located towards the railway dump car, to the depth of the excavation of the PSP shoulder, then the excavator excavates the ordinary overburden in the stop located towards the side of the pit and ships the ordinary overburden into the dump cars filed composition, such a sequence of actions allows to eliminate the loss of PSP and reduce the volume of impoverishment by overburden during the movement of the excavator bucket in the excavation of the trapezoidal prism; in the conditions of leaving an array of a rectangular prism (prototype) and its subsequent excavation without loss of PSP, it will necessarily entail the abandonment of the pillars, especially at the bottom of the array of a rectangular prism, due to the design features of the excavator bucket and, as a result, a decrease in the mass fraction of humus.

Comparison of the proposed solution with analogue and prototype did not reveal in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, this allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" is met.

Brief description of the drawing

The drawing shows a diagram of the separate extraction of PSP with elements of impoverishment by overburden rocks, when working out the bottom of the upper overburden ledge with a quarry excavator, a straight shovel, including: 1 - upper overburden ledge; 2 - height of the upper overburden ledge; 3 - the width of the excavator entry; 4 - cross section of the triangular prism NDK of the PSP shoulder; 5 is a cross-sectional view of the overburden FENM prism, part of the excavator entry, removed separately by the third stage; 6 is a cross-sectional view of the overburden trapezoidal EADN prism, part of the excavator entry, removed by the first stage together with the NDK prism; 7 - cross-section of the overburden prism ABCD, part of the excavator's entry, taken out separately by the second stage; 8 - axis of the career excavator; 9 - axis of the railway track; 10 - bottom of the upper overburden ledge.

Implementation of the invention

In the structure of the complex mechanization of the experimental site for combining overburden operations with the works of the mining stage of reclamation of dumps in the form of separate extraction by an excavator of a PSP collar, with diluted overburden under the collar in the form of a trapezoidal prism with a small base of the latter located on the bottom of the ledge and loading the reclamation mixture into railway dump cars, it is planned to use : EKG-12.5 mining excavator in the amount of one unit, one T-170 bulldozer, twelve 2VS-105 railway dump cars, one TEM-7 diesel locomotive. The average height 2 of the ledge 1 is 12 m. The width of the entry 3 of the excavator is 18 m. The fertile soil layer is preliminarily removed ahead of mining by 3-5 years and stored in collars 4 2-3 m high. The collars 4 are located along the middle line of the entry of the excavator. A mining excavator, moving along axis 8, works out the face in the following technological sequence: initially, it excavates the shoulder of the PSP 4 with diluted overburden under the shoulder in the volume of the trapezoidal prism 6, extending the bucket handle to full depth and, if necessary, driving up to the face, as well as turning the bucket when recesses around the axis of rotation of the excavator, in the amount of a given amount of PSP loading into dump cars located on the railway track with axis 9 at the bottom of the ledge 10. The next step, the excavator excavates ordinary overburden in the prism 7 of the stop, located in the direction of the railway dump car, to the depth of excavation of the PSP collar 4. Then the excavator performs the excavation of the overburden in the prism 5 of the stop, located towards the side of the quarry, and ships the ordinary overburden into the dump cars of the supplied composition.

A fertile soil layer, including chernozem with a humus content of up to 10% and potentially fertile rocks, which include clays, sands, sandy loams, loams, etc. with a humus content in the range of 1.2-:-2.5% [2]. The content of humus in the prepared reclamation mixture of the prototype was 2.89%, the content of humus in the prepared reclamation mixture of the experimental site of the proposed object was 3.65%.

The improvement in the quality of the reclamation mixture, including the fertile soil layer with impoverished rocks of the upper overburden ledge, in the form of a mass fraction of humus, was 26%.

Sources of information

1. GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Requirements for determining the norms for removing the fertile soil layer during excavation. Protection of Nature. Lands: Sat. GOSTs. - M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2002.

2. Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov and others - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - S. 104-110.

Claims (1)

A method for selective excavation of the soil layer with elements of impoverishment by overburden during the development of an overburden face, including the creation by a bulldozer of a collar of a fertile soil layer (FSL) 2–3 m high on the roof of the upper overburden ledge along the excavator's entry with a straight shovel, separate extraction by an excavator of the FSP with diluted overburden under with a collar and loading into the given railway train into the dump cars allocated for the PSP, shipment by the excavator of ordinary overburden rocks of the entry into the remaining dump cars in the composition, characterized in that the separate extraction by the excavator of the RAP collar with diluted overburden rocks under the collar is performed in the volume of a trapezoidal prism with the small base of the latter located at the bottom of the ledge, the mining excavator works out the face in the following technological sequence: initially, it excavates the shoulder of the PSP with diluted overburden under the shoulder in the volume of a trapezoidal prism by extending the bucket handle to full depth and, if necessary, with an approach to the face, as well as turning the bucket during excavation around the axis of rotation of the excavator, in the amount of the specified value of the shipment of the PSP, the next step is the excavator excavates ordinary overburden along the entry, located in the direction of the railway dump car, to the depth of excavation of the PSP collar, then the excavator performs excavation of the overburden in the entry, located towards the side of the quarry, and ships the ordinary overburden into the dump cars of the delivered composition.

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