RU2777974C1 - Method for removing the fertile soil layer and loading it into vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, in particular to open-pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open-cast mining, and can be used when removing the fertile soil layer (FSP). The method for removing the PSP and loading it into vehicles includes the use of a screw milling machine. PSP is removed with a milling screw working body, FSP is fed through an intermediate conveyor, a transfer hopper and an unloading conveyor into a dump truck body. FSP is removed by a milling screw working body made of composite elements with individual drives. Each of the constituent elements is fixed along the edges on rocking arms and hydraulic cylinders with the possibility of changing the cutting line in height. An intermediate conveyor is installed on each component element, which delivers the removed FSP to the transfer hopper. The FSP is reloaded into the body of a dump truck by an unloading conveyor made with the possibility of turning ninety degrees both to the right and to the left from the axis of the milling screw machine. The process of extracting the PSP is carried out without stopping to change the car.

EFFECT: improving the quality of extraction of the fertile soil layer, which reduces losses and impoverishment.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to mining, in particular to the development of deposits by an open method and the restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, and can be used when removing the fertile soil layer (PSP).

State of the art

A known method of removing the fertile soil layer during earthworks (GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Requirements for determining the norms for removing the fertile soil layer during earthworks. Nature Protection. Earth: Sat. GOSTs. - M .: IPK Publishing House of Standards, 2002), including the requirement of a mass fraction of humus in the lower boundary of the fertile soil layer in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of at least two percent.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the extraction of the fertile soil layer, with high losses and impoverishment.

There is a known method of removing the fertile soil layer and loading it into vehicles (Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - P. 104), including the creation of a fertile collar by a bulldozer a soil layer (SSP) 2–3 m high on the roof of the upper overburden ledge and its shipment by an excavator to vehicles.

The disadvantage of this method is the low quality of the extraction of the fertile soil layer, with high losses and impoverishment.

The closest method is known for removing the fertile soil layer and loading it into vehicles (Zenkov I.V. Milling mechanized complexes in quality management systems for reclaimed agricultural land. Monthly scientific and technical production and economic journal COAL, No. 4, 2008, p. 67- 70), which includes the use of a milling screw machine for removing the fertile soil layer (PSP) and loading it into vehicles, by removing the PSP with a milling screw working body, feeding it through an intermediate conveyor, a transfer hopper and an unloading conveyor into a dump truck body.

The disadvantage of the closest method is the low quality of the extraction of the PSP, with high losses and dilution.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result is to improve the quality of the extraction of the fertile soil layer, which reduces losses and impoverishment.

The present technical result is achieved in a method for removing the PSP and loading it into vehicles, including the use of a milling screw machine, the milling screw working body of which removes the PSP, feeds the PSP through an intermediate conveyor, a reloading hopper and an unloading conveyor into the body of a dump truck, and the PSP is removed by a milling screw by a working body made of composite elements with individual drives, each of the constituent elements is fixed at the edges on rocking arms and hydraulic cylinders with the possibility of changing the cutting line in height, an intermediate conveyor is installed on each component element, which delivers the removed PSP to the transfer hopper, the overload of the PSP to the body of the dump truck is carried out by an unloading conveyor, made with the possibility of turning ninety degrees both to the right and to the left from the axis of the milling screw machine, the process of extracting the PSP is carried out without stopping to change the car.

The distinguishing features are:

PSP is removed by a milling screw working body made of composite elements with individual drives, each of the constituent elements is fixed at the edges on rocking levers and hydraulic cylinders with the possibility of changing the cutting line in height, an intermediate conveyor is installed on each component element, which delivers the removed PSP to the reloading bunker, this gives an increase in the quality of the extraction of the PSP, which reduces losses and dilution;

reloading of the PSP into the body of a dump truck is carried out by an unloading conveyor, made with the ability to turn ninety degrees both to the right and to the left of the axis of the milling screw machine, such a wide technological possibility of the process of excavation and loading into vehicles allows you to make optimal decisions to improve the quality of extraction of the PSP;

the PSP extraction process is carried out without stopping to change the car, this allows you to combine the improvement in the quality of the PSP extraction with an increase in the operational time for the main operation of the PSP removal.

Comparison of the proposed solution with analogue and prototype did not reveal in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, this allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" is met.

Brief description of the figure

In FIG. a diagram of the frontal view of the milling and screw working body is presented, including: 1 - an integral element of the milling and screw working body; 2 - projected line for removing the fertile soil layer according to the prototype; 3 - projected losses of the PSP according to the prototype or claimed before the extraction of the PSP; 4 - projected dilution of the PSP loam according to the prototype or the claimed loss of the PSP;

Implementation of the invention

The work of the experimental site for the removal of the PSP is performed in the following sequence. The milling screw machine is installed on the working area along the long side of the rectangle, which makes it possible to have a greater indicator of the operational time for performing the main operation of removing the PSP. When installing the car for loading, the driver starts the conveyor and lowers the constituent elements of 1 milling and screw working body one by one to a design depth of 400 mm, each with its own individual drive. The process of extracting the PSP with such a machine is performed by rotating a wide-cutting working body of a milling-screw type with a width of 6000 mm. The cutter and the screw are combined in one device, both in terms of purpose and functional execution of operations in the process of removing the PSP. Composite elements are made with a length of 1500 mm. The driver makes the passage forward at the lowest speed and quickly performs adjustments with hydraulic cylinders, lowering or raising the composite elements 1, each of which is fixed at the edges on the rocking levers, with the possibility of changing the cutting line in height, to increase the selective extraction of the PSP at the front of the composite element. The main indicator for adjusting the immersion of the working body is the color of the PSP and the color of the loam that goes behind the soil layer. The presence of component elements 1 along the length of the wide-grip working body of the milling-auger type allows the driver to quickly adjust the removed PSP along the width of the recess, improving the quality of the extraction of the PSP and reducing losses 3 and dilution 4. Next, the driver turns on the operating speed of the machine and removes the PSP. Promptly, according to the state of the color of the rocks in the working out stop, it adjusts the removed strip from the projected line of removal 2 PSP. Intermediate conveyors, the PSP removed by each component 1 of the excavation milling and screw working body, are fed into the transfer hopper, as a result of connecting several streams into a single volume, the quality indicators of the removed PSP are averaged. The unloading conveyor performs the loading of the PSP from the transfer hopper into vehicles. The conveyor has the ability to turn ninety degrees, both to the right and to the left of the axis of the milling screw machine, this will allow you to make the best decisions to improve the quality of CRP extraction. The PSP extraction process is carried out without stopping to change the car due to the applied storage capacity in the form of a transfer hopper, which combines an increase in the operational time for the main operation of the PSP removal and an increase in the quality of the PSP extraction.

Sources of information

1. GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Requirements for determining the norms for removing the fertile soil layer during excavation. Protection of Nature. Lands: Sat. GOSTs. - M .: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2002.

2. Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov and others - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015. - P. 104).

3. Zenkov I.V. Milling mechanized complexes in the quality management systems of reclaimed agricultural land. Monthly scientific and technical production and economic magazine "COAL", No. 4, 2008, p. 67-70.

Claims (1)

The method of removing the fertile soil layer (PSP) and loading it into vehicles includes the use of a milling screw machine, the milling screw working body of which removes the PSP, feeds the PSP through an intermediate conveyor, a transfer hopper and an unloading conveyor into the body of a dump truck, characterized in that the PSP is removed a milling screw working body made of constituent elements with individual drives, each of the constituent elements is fixed at the edges on rocking arms and hydraulic cylinders with the possibility of changing the cutting line in height, an intermediate conveyor is installed on each constituent element, which feeds the removed PSP to the transfer hopper, PSP is reloaded into the body of a dump truck by an unloading conveyor made with the ability to turn ninety degrees both to the right and to the left from the axis of the milling screw machine, the process of extracting the PSP is carried out without stopping to change the car.

Images