RU2766883C1 - Universal small-sized device for fodder grinding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to fodder grinders-mixers and can be used for milling vegetable fodders and mixing loose fodders. Device includes a loading hopper fixed on the bed with a knife disk installed on the drive shaft, and an unloading neck located in the loading hopper under the knife disk. Knife disk is equipped with blades-throwers with curvilinear knives and openings for passage of crushed material, installed in pairs and adjustable in height. Knife disc also has mixing plates fixed on the drive shaft with the possibility of their fixation. Loading hopper is closed by detachable cover, in which loading window is made. Discharge neck is equipped with flexible hose for removal of finished material. On the bed above the electric motor there is a rotary crusher, in the cavity of which there is a toothed rotor in the form of a disc cutter and an adjustable corrugated deck. Crusher is equipped with a loading neck with an adjustable gate and an intermediate neck which is rigidly connected to the loading hopper.

EFFECT: use of the invention will make it possible to improve the quality of the finished product.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to grinders-mixers of feed and can be used for grinding vegetable feed with a wide range of moisture and mixing loose feed in the conditions of personal subsidiary and peasant and farm enterprises.

State of the art

Small-sized feed grinders are known - analogues, for example, DZ-T-1, IZM-T-1, EZD-T-1, KLK-T-1, IKM-T-0.8, I7-KU (see Catalog. Means of small mechanization for animal husbandry and fodder production, Minavtoselkhozmash USSR, Moscow, 1989), etc. Their disadvantage is their low versatility and productivity. So, for example, the grinder IZM-T-1 can only grind grain with a capacity of only 57 kg / h. The study of various literary sources and patent materials has shown that not a single known small-sized feed grinder has the required high versatility, flexibility, and in terms of productivity cannot simultaneously satisfy a personal subsidiary plot, a farm.

Chopper disk root-cutting type KPI-4, designed for grinding fodder beets, carrots, potatoes, etc. , which is close to our design, performs only one operation, grinding root crops. In farms and subsidiary farms, agricultural cooperatives and rental collectives, such a universal feed chopper is required, which would ensure the grinding of grain, stalked feed, root crops, vegetables, fruits, corn cobs, corn stalks. In other words, he simultaneously crushed juicy and dry concentrated feed.

The main disadvantage is low productivity with high energy consumption, as well as unsuitability for grinding corn cobs of various ripeness and concentrated feed with a moisture content of up to 15%.

There are various designs of feed grinders-mixers equipped with various working bodies, which are hinged hammers, cutters, pins. The listed working bodies are reliable, durable and versatile, but do not meet modern energy saving requirements (see Kulakovskiy I.V. et al., Machines and equipment for feed preparation. Handbook. Part 1. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987, p. 57).

Known grinder-mixer forage ISK-3 for the preparation of feed mixtures and roughage, containing a working chamber with a receiving hopper and an unloading pipe, a rotor installed in the chamber, on which are mounted, tiered fixed, radially mounted knives. Also, cutting elements are installed on the inner surface of the vertical chamber (see Koba V.G. et al. Mechanization and technologies for the production of livestock products. - M .: Kolos, 1999 - 24s., Fig. 13.33).

The disadvantage is the relatively high metal and energy consumption, which is not acceptable for small farms, the inability to control the degree of grinding, as well as excessive juice release from the crushed mass in comparison with the working bodies that act on the material with a cutting blade (cutting) or a wedge (planing).

The closest in technical essence and accepted by the authors as a prototype is the design of a small-sized knife chopper of the feed cutter type KR-01 manufactured by Uralspetsmash LLC (Miass, Chelyabinsk region), consisting of a hopper mounted on a welded frame and a knife connected to a drive shaft, under which there is an unloading mouth in the bucket for the passage of crushed material (see Agricultural machinery and equipment for farms. Catalog. V.1. - M .: Informagrotekh, 1994, p. 212).

Its disadvantage is the impossibility of regulating the degree of grinding, grinding and mixing of concentrated feed, high energy consumption with relatively low productivity and the inability to load the finished feed into a storage or feeder.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a universal small-sized device for grinding feed, which has: reduced energy consumption due to the implementation of a design that provides grinding of materials in the sliding cutting mode, ensuring high productivity by supplying ready-made feed to the next technological operation, varying the degree of grinding by adjusting the height of the knives above the surface disk, the ability to quickly reconfigure the chopping-mixer from the chopping mode to the mixing mode by a simple reconfiguration of the device and the ability to load the finished feed into the storage or feeder.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed invention is reduced to the versatility of the device and the high quality of grinding feed with a wide range of moisture, mixing loose feed, low energy consumption and the ability to quickly load the feeder or feed storage.

The technical result is achieved using a universal small-sized device for grinding feed, including a loading hopper mounted on a frame with a knife disk mounted on the drive shaft, and an unloading mouth located in the loading hopper under the knife disk, the knife disk is equipped with thrower blades, curved knives with windows for passage crushed material, which are installed in pairs and are adjustable in height, as well as fixed on the drive shaft with mixing plates with the possibility of fixation, while the loading hopper is closed with a removable cover, with a loading window made in it, and the unloading neck is equipped with a flexible sleeve for removing the finished material, except In addition, a rotary crusher is fixed on the frame above the electric motor, in the cavity of which there is a toothed rotor in the form of a disk cutter and an adjustable corrugated deck, moreover, the crusher is equipped with a loading neck with an adjustable damper and an intermediate neck, which is rigidly connected nena with the loading bunker.

Brief description of the drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a universal small-sized device for grinding feed, a general view.

In FIG. 2 - knife disk with curved knives.

In FIG. 3 - diagram of the location of the impact crusher on the grinder.

Implementation of the invention

The universal small-sized device for grinding feed contains a loading hopper 1, in which a knife disk 2 is located, mixing plates top 3 and bottom 4, placed on the drive shaft 5. On the knife disk 2 there are height-adjustable curved knives 6 with windows 7 below them for passage shredded material. The knife disc 2 is made in the form of a rotor, which is a wheel with thrower blades 8 directed at an angle to the side opposite to the rotation of the rotor equal to 70-80 ° and is fixed by an axial stop 9 to the drive shaft 5, or by an external stop 10 - to the wall of the hopper 1 The top 3 and bottom 4 mixing plates are fixed by axial stops 11 and 12 respectively to the drive shaft 5 or by external stops 13 and 14 to the wall of the bin 1. Three options provide such fastening of the top 3 and bottom 4 mixing plates and the knife disc 2 on the drive shaft 5 work: a) the drive is carried out on the knife disk 2; b) the drive is transmitted to the top 3 and bottom 4 mixing plates; c) the drive is transmitted to the top 3 and bottom 4 mixing plates and the knife disk 2. The drive shaft 5 rotates in bearings 15. The drive shaft 5 rotates from the electric motor 16 through the V-belt transmission 17. The hopper 1 is closed with a removable cover 18 with a loading window 19. The flexible sleeve 20 for the removal of finished products is fixed to the unloading neck 21 equipped with an adjustable damper 22. The above nodes and elements are placed on the frame 23, which is a welded frame. On the frame 23 above the motor 16 fixed impact crusher 24 for grinding concentrated feed. In the cavity of the body of the impact crusher 24 there is a gear rotor 25 in the form of a disk cutter driven by an electric motor 26 and a corrugated deck 27 with an adjustable screw 28. The impact crusher 24 is equipped with a loading neck 29 with an adjusting damper 30 and an intermediate neck 31 rigidly connected to the loading hopper 1, in such a way that the crushed concentrated feed falls on the lower mixing plate 4 and the knife disk 2, if necessary, before being crushed or mixed and removed from the universal small-sized feed grinder through the flexible sleeve 20. Adjusting the speed of the electric motor 16 for various modes of operation of the drive shaft 5 is carried out using a frequency regulator 32.

The operation of the universal small-sized feed chopper is carried out as follows:

1st stage of grinding. In the 24 rotary crusher, grains of cereals and legumes with a moisture content of up to 15% (concentrated feed) from the feed neck 29, when the control valve 30 is opened, are fed between the drive gear rotor 25 and the corrugated deck 27, this is how the material is crushed. The toothed rotor 25 is driven by an electric motor 26, and the required degree of grinding of the material is selected by an adjustable screw 28. The crushed material, through the intermediate neck 31, enters the knife disk 2, rotating on the drive shaft 5, passing through the windows 7 under the curved knives 6, from where the chopped cutting is fed by the thrower blades 8 outward through the unloading mouth 21 by the air flow through the flexible sleeve 20 created by the thrower blades 8. The air flow is regulated by the adjusting damper 22. The knife disk 2 is fixed by the axial stopper 9 to the drive shaft 5 and is driven by the electric motor 16 through the V-belt transmission 17, and the top 3 and bottom 4 mixing plates are fixed and fixed by external stoppers 13 and 14 to the wall of the hopper 1. The named components and elements are placed on the frame 23, which is a welded frame.

2nd stage of grinding. Unground material in the form of cobs and stalks of corn with a moisture content of up to 70% (succulent feed) through the loading window 19 of the removable cover 18 is fed into the loading hopper 1, in which the knife disk 2 is located, rotating on the drive shaft 5, fixed in bearings 15. The unground material enters on curved knives 6, placed on the knife disk 2 in pairs in one direction, satisfying the conditions of minimum and maximum sliding angles, according to the theory of the cutting apparatus, with a curved blade. This arrangement of knives gives the effect of "sliding cutting", which provides a clean cut of the material and a reduction in energy consumption by 1.4 - 2.5 times compared to cutting in the "cutting" mode (see Melnikov S.V. Mechanization and automation of livestock farms. - L .: Kolos, 1978, pp. 178-189). Curvilinear knives 6 cut off the chips, which through the windows 7 of the knife disk 2 enter the space below it, from where the chopped cutting is fed by the thrower blades 8 outward through the unloading neck 21 with an air flow through the flexible sleeve 20. Succulent feed is crushed.

Blend mode. To carry out the mixing of bulk material used in the preparation of feed, it is necessary to reconfigure the universal small-sized device for grinding feed. Axial stops 11 and 12 of the top 2 and bottom 3 mixing plates are fixed to the drive shaft 5, and the outer stops 13 and 14 are released, transferring the top 3 and bottom 4 mixing plates from the limiter operation mode to the mixing operation mode. The knife disk 2, on the contrary, is fixed with an external stopper 10 to the wall of the hopper 1, after releasing the axial stop 9 and setting the maximum elevation height of the inclined curved knives 6.

Universal compact device for grinding feed mixing works as follows. Through the loading window 19 of the removable cover 18, the product is poured into the loading hopper 1. Mixing of feed mixtures occurs by rotating the mixing plates of the upper 3 and lower 4, rigidly fixed to the drive shaft 5, with axial stops 11 and 12. The drive shaft 5 is powered by an electric motor 16 through V-belt drive 17.

To unload the mixture that has reached the required degree of mixing and a certain homogeneity, the adjusting damper 22 is opened, the outer stopper 10 is released, and the axial stopper 9 is fixed to the drive shaft 5, switching the knife disk 2 with the blades-throwers 8 into the operating mode. The finished product is removed from the bunker of the small-sized feed grinder-mixer in the same way as the process of grinding the material.

The degree of homogeneity of the mixture is adjusted by selecting the mixing modes by changing the speed of the electric motor 16, installed on the frame 23 by the frequency controller 32.

The invention compared with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- versatility and suitability for grinding materials with a wide range of moisture content;

- the possibility of mixing bulk material;

- high productivity with instant removal of crushed particles from the cutting zone;

- high-quality grinding by adjusting the height of the elevation of the knives above the surface of the disk;

- low power consumption;

- ease of maintenance and safety of work.

Claims (1)

A universal small-sized device for grinding feed, including a loading hopper fixed on a frame with a knife disk mounted on the drive shaft, and an unloading mouth located in the loading hopper under the knife disk, characterized in that the knife disk is equipped with blades-throwers with curved knives and windows for the passage of chopped material, which are installed in pairs and are adjustable in height, as well as mixing plates fixed on the drive shaft with the possibility of fixing them, while the loading hopper is closed with a removable cover, with a loading window made in it, and the unloading neck is equipped with a flexible hose for removing the finished material, except In addition, a rotary crusher is fixed on the frame above the electric motor, in the cavity of which there is a toothed rotor in the form of a disk cutter and an adjustable corrugated deck, moreover, the crusher is equipped with a loading mouth with an adjustable damper and an intermediate neck, which is rigidly connected to the loading bu nker.

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