RU2776311C1 - Universal feed grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanical engineering, mainly agricultural, in particular, to universal apparatus for grinding a wide range of feed. Universal feed grinder has removable sectional hoppers in the form of a cylindrical hopper equipped with a lid with a gate adjustable by means of a clamping bolt, a square hopper with an inclined bottom, communicating with the cylindrical hopper via a through window, and a conical hopper attached to the working chamber rigidly fixed on the frame and positioned vertically. The working chamber has a cylindrical body, attached to the outlet whereof is an outlet branch pipe with a set of feed grinding meshes and a metal plate with a window. A deck is installed on the inner side surface of the working chamber. An end hole is made in the centre of the bottom for entry of the shaft of the electric engine, whereon a rotating rotor is set. The rotor consists of a set of movable hammers, cutting blades and washers in equal amounts, consecutively passed through pins and linked by means of holes with the upper part of the working chamber provided with holes for the attachment of a double-sided propeller-type blade and a segmented U-shaped blade, as well as with the lower part of the working chamber. The lower part of the working chamber has branches constituting both a fan and a grinder, made in the form of blades with a strengthening gusset at the edges and rigidly attached by plates to the sleeve of the rotor through holes.

EFFECT: use of the invention allows for an expansion in the range of feed grinding and an increase in the quality of grinding raw materials.

1 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, mainly agricultural, in particular to universal devices and can be used for grinding a wide range of feed, such as coarse and juicy feed, stems and tops of fodder crops, cereal and granular feed, root crops in farms, private and collective farms.

A universal feed chopper is known containing a hopper with a gate, a crushing chamber with side knives, with a main knife installed on the shaft and with removable side plates on which acute-angled corrugations are fixed, sieves with calibrated holes, special shredders and a removable sleeve, characterized in that the cutting edge of the main knife is made along an arc of radius parallel to the body of the crushing chamber and is provided with a chamfer at an angle of 45°, and the side knives are sharpened on one side in the form of a ledge, and on the other at an acute angle and are installed with the possibility of turning them relative to the main knife [1] .

This design of knives and its execution in this installation allows you to improve the workflow and significantly expand the range of crushed feed, as well as increase their durability.

The disadvantage of this universal feed chopper is the absence of a fan, which contributes to the clogging of the sieve located in the front of the sleeve, and this will ultimately contribute to the loss of time due to the stoppage of the installation for its cleaning and, as a result, a decrease in productivity.

A feed material grinder is known, including a crushing chamber in the form of a drum with articulated hammers, a feed conveyor, a drum-type cutting knife apparatus, the working faces of the hammers are made in the form of external three-stage rectangular protrusions along a radially increasing line and one internal rectangular protrusion [2].

In this installation, the grinding of feed material by the proposed hammers increases the impact force of the hammers on the particles of the material, increasing their destructive ability at a constant angular speed of rotation, which contributes to improving the quality of grinding the feed material. The disadvantages of the feed material grinder is that the fan located outside the working chamber can lead to clogging and blockages located at the outlet of the suction pipe in the sieve, as well as the design complexity that increases the metal consumption of the installation.

Known multifunctional device containing a frame and mounted on it with the possibility of rotation and fixation grinding device, including a working body with a drive, a grinding chamber and a zone for loading and unloading material, characterized in that the grinding device is installed with the possibility of rotation and fixation relative to the frame at an angle of 0 ...360°, and the device for rotation and fixation is made in the form of at least one column and an axis of rotation, which is fixed to the upper part of the column by means of bushings, and on one side, on the axis of rotation, a disk with a handle, a nut with a handle and a friction gasket, and on the other hand a washer and a nut with a handle [3].

The design of the multifunctional device allows you to increase the number of operations performed and process various feeds, with a wide range of characteristics of the original and processed material, without changing the design. The disadvantages of the multifunctional device are the absence of hammers, large-diameter grinding knives rigidly attached to the shaft limit the possibility of high-quality grinding of grain, and the absence of a fan that provides air flow in the grinding chamber can lead to clogging at the outlet, contributing to a decrease in device performance.

This multifunctional device is the closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype).

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of feed grinding, increasing the technological capabilities and quality of grinding.

The problem is solved by the following set of features of the proposed universal feed chopper.

The proposed universal feed chopper consists of a removable sectional hopper, with a round cylindrical cover and a shutter adjustable with a clamping bolt of square sections with an inclined bottom, interconnected by a passage window, as well as a conical hopper, bolted to a rigidly attached frame of a vertically located working chamber, in the form of a round cylindrical body, to the outlet of which is attached an outlet pipe with a set of grids for grinding feed to a powder state and a metal plate with a window that changes, depending on the size of feed grinding, dimensions (L and h), and on its inner side surface is located deck and in the center of the bottom there is an end hole for the entrance of the motor shaft on which a rotating rotor is mounted, secured with a key and locking bolts, consisting of an equal number of movable sets of hammers, cutting knives and washers successively passed through the fingers connected by means a shaft of holes from the top, having holes for fastening crosswise with bolts of a double-sided propeller-type knife and on top of it a segmented U-shaped knife, as well as from the bottom, having branches that are both a fan and a chopper in the form of blades with a scarf on the edges to ensure strength, plates rigidly attached through holes to the sleeve.

At the same time, in contrast to the known in the proposed universal feed chopper, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the sectional hopper, with a cover of a round cylindrical section for coarse and green fodder, a monolith of square bales, root crops and having a damper adjustable by a clamping bolt of a square section with an inclined bottom for granular fodder, communicated with each other by a passage window, as well as a conical hopper for stalks and tops of fodder crops are removable, and a rotating rotor, consisting of an equal number of movable set of hammers, cutting knives and washers sequentially passed through the fingers connected by means of holes with the top, having holes for fastening cross-cross with bolts of a double-sided propeller-type knife for preliminary chopping of stalks and tops of forage crops and on top of it a segmented U-shaped knife designed for tedding and breaking a monolith of square bales and preliminary chopping in order to exclude clogging and blockages, as well as from the bottom, having branches in the form of blades with a scarf on the edges to ensure strength, being at the same time a grinder providing additional grinding and a fan providing air flow removing chopped feed in order to prevent clogging and blockages, plates rigidly attached through holes to sleeve, allows you to grind simultaneously, without reconfiguration and changes in the design, a wide range of feed, such as coarse and juicy feed, stalks and tops of forage crops, cereal and granular feed, root crops, uniformly acting on the material in the longitudinal and transverse directions (multi-plane cutting) and sliding cutting, as well as by changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor, it is possible to use both sides of the cutting knives, which increases their durability, greatly reducing the energy consumption of the machine and increasing its productivity during operation.

The features of the proposed universal feed grinder and the resulting technical result have the following causal relationship.

Similar to the known device, the features of the proposed universal grinder is the ability to increase the number of operations performed and expand the range of processed feed in accordance with the zootechnical and technological requirements of the processed material.

And the distinctive features of the proposed universal feed grinder in conjunction with the original and the effect of increasing the efficiency of processed feed are in the following causal relationship.

Sectional bunker with a round cylindrical section with a cover for rough and green fodder, a monolith of square bales, root crops and a square section with a sloping bottom adjustable by a clamping bolt for granular fodder, interconnected by a through window, as well as a conical hopper for stalks and tops of fodder crops are removable, and a rotating rotor consisting of an equal number of movable set of hammers, cutting knives and washers sequentially passed through the fingers connected by means of holes to the top, having holes for fastening cross-cross with bolts of a double-sided propeller-type knife for preliminary grinding of stalks and tops of fodder crops and on top of it a segmented U-shaped knife designed for tedding and destroying a monolith of square bales and preliminary grinding in order to prevent clogging and blockages, as well as from the bottom, having branches in the form of blades with a scarf at the edges to ensure strength being at the same time a grinder providing additional grinding and a fan providing an air flow that removes crushed feed in order to prevent clogging and blockages, plates rigidly attached through the holes to the sleeve allows grinding simultaneously without reconfigurations and changes in the design of a wide range of feed, such as coarse and juicy feed, stems and tops of fodder crops, cereal and granular feed, root crops, uniformly acting on the material in longitudinal and transverse directions (multi-plane cutting) and cutting with sliding, as well as by changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor, it is possible to use both sides of the cutting knives, which increases their durability , greatly reducing the energy consumption of the machine and increasing its productivity during operation.

The proposed universal feed chopper allows you to grind a wide range of feed, such as rough and succulent feed, stalks and tops of forage crops, cereal and granular feed, root crops, as well as improve the design and expand technological capabilities due to the versatility of removable hoppers and a working body that increases the number operations without changing the design in accordance with the zootechnical and technological requirements of the processed feed, to ensure high quality grinding.

Thus, the features of the proposed universal feed grinder are essential, and the resulting technical result solves the problem of the invention.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 - schematically shows a general view of a universal feed grinder, side view; in fig. 2 - general view from above; in fig. 3 - general view after replacing the top cover for chopping stems and tops of fodder crops; in fig. 4 - upper plate of the rotor; in fig. 5 - bottom plate of the rotor; in fig. 6 is a section along A-A of FIG. 5; in fig. 7 - grinder hammers; in fig. 8 - chopper knives; in fig. 9 - U-shaped segment knife; in fig. 10 - double-sided propeller-type knife; in fig. 11 - grid; in fig. 12 - metal plate with a window.

The proposed universal feed grinder consists of a removable sectional hopper, with a cover 25 round cylindrical 16 and having a valve 20 adjustable with a clamping bolt 21 square 18 with an inclined bottom sections, interconnected by a passage window 19, as well as a conical hopper 36, attached with bolts 37 to a rigidly attached frame 1 to a vertically located working chamber 4, which is a round cylindrical body, to the outlet 22 of which an outlet pipe 5 is attached with a set of grids 23 for grinding feed to a powder state and a metal plate 24 with a window that changes, depending on the size of feed grinding, dimensions (L and h), and on its inner side surface there is a deck 38 and in the center of the bottom there is an end hole 3 for the entrance of the motor shaft 2 on which a rotating rotor 9 is mounted, secured with a key 6 and locking bolts 7, consisting of an equal number of movable sets of hammers 26 , cutting knives 27 and washers 30 sequentially passed through fingers 8 connected through holes 32 with the top 10, having holes 13 and 14 for fastening cross-to-cross with bolts 15 of a double-sided knife 12 of a propeller type and on top of it a segmented U-shaped knife 11, as well as through holes 32 from the bottom 28, having branches in the form of blades 34 with a scarf 33 at the edges to ensure strength, being both a grinder and a fan, plates rigidly attached through holes 31 to the sleeve 8.

The proposed universal feed grinder works as follows. When grinding coarse and succulent fodder, cereal and granular fodder, root crops, a loading sectional hopper is used, with a round cylindrical section 16 having a cover 25 for coarse and green fodder, a monolith of square bales, root crops and having a damper 20 adjustable by a clamping bolt 21 square section 18 with an inclined bottom for granular feed, interconnected by a window 19. In the case of grinding coarse and succulent feed, including hay in open form and in square bales, root crops, open the cover 25 of section 16 and close the valve 20 of section 18. In the case of grinding granular feed close the cover 25 of section 16 and open the gate 20 regulated by the clamping bolt 21 of section 18. If it is necessary to prepare the feed mixture, then the gate 20 is raised completely leaving the passage window 19 open. with section 16 and section 18 is changed to loading Precise conical hopper 36. After starting the electric motor 2, the shaft begins to rotate the rotating rotor 9 and when the operating speed of rotation is reached, the unground (whole) feed, depending on the type of feed, through the hoppers 16, 18, 36, enters the rigidly attached frame 1 vertically located working camera 4.

In the case of grinding granular feed, they get to the top row of the movable set of hammers 26 and cutting knives 27, after hitting which the grain is thrown to the deck 38 located on the inner side surface of the working chamber 4 and transported to the movable hammers 26 and cutting knives 27 of the next row, unloading at the same time from repeated exposure to the top row. Thus, complete grinding occurs on all rows of the movable set of hammers 26 and cutting knives 27.

In the case of grinding coarse and succulent fodder, including hay in open form and in square bales, root crops, stems and tops of fodder crops, preliminary grinding occurs with a double-sided propeller-type knife 12, then they get to the top row of a movable set of hammers 26 and cutting knives 27 , after hitting which are thrown to the deck 38 located on the inner side surface of the working chamber 4 and transferred to the movable hammers 26 and cutting knives 27 of the next row, while unloading from repeated exposure to the upper row. Thus, complete grinding occurs on all rows of a set of hammers 26 and cutting knives 27.

When crushing square bales, a preliminary destruction of the monolith of square bales and preliminary crushing occurs in order to avoid clogging and blockages with a segmented U-shaped knife 11.

The crushed feed enters the branch of the bottom plate in the form of blades 34 with a scarf 33 at the edges, to ensure strength, which are both a grinder providing additional grinding and a fan providing air flow, crushing the crushed feed in order to prevent clogging and blockages, where, after additional grinding, it is thrown out through the outlet. hole 22 to which is attached outlet pipe 5 with a set of grids 23 for adjusting the degree of grinding of coarse and succulent feed, cereal and granular feed, with the possibility of grinding to a powder state, as well as a metal plate 24 with a window that changes, depending on the size of feed grinding, sizes (L and h) for root crops.

Thus, the proposed universal feed chopper allows you to expand the technological capabilities due to the versatility of removable hoppers and the working body of the installation, which allows you to grind simultaneously without reconfiguration and changes in the design of a wide range of feed, such as coarse and juicy feed, stalks and tops of fodder crops, cereals and granular feed, root crops, uniformly acting on the material in the longitudinal - transverse directions (multi-plane cutting), due to cutting with sliding in accordance with the zootechnical and technological requirements of the processed feed, ensure high quality grinding, as well as by changing the direction of rotation of the electric motor, it is possible to use both sides of the cutting blades, which increases their durability, while greatly reducing the energy consumption of the machine and increasing its productivity at work.

A variant of the specific implementation of the device is a universal grinder - grinder - crusher of grain, grass, hay in square bales and open, stems and tops of fodder crops, root crops. Engine power - 4 kW (220 V) and 11 kW (380 V) speed - 3000 (2910) min. ^-1 . We made a universal chopper in two copies and successfully passed the tests on grain and barley, grass, hay in square bales and open, stems and tops of fodder crops, root crops.

Productivity on crushing of grain and barley - 300 350 kg/h. The grain and barley grinding module can be adjusted from 0.05 to 3 mm for cattle and poultry.

Capacity for chopping straw, hay open and in bales, stalks and tops of fodder crops up to 250-300 kg/h with a cutting length of 5 to 150 mm

Productivity on root crops up to 500÷600 kg/h with cutting length from 30 to 70 mm.

Bibliographic data

1. Patent No. 94042038 of the Russian Federation, AD1F29 / 00., Universal feed chopper. / Gaponenko V.A.; applicant and patent holder Closed joint-stock company "Izmet" (manufacturing and commercial company). - 94042038/13, Appl. 11/23/1994; Date of publication of the application: 20.09.1996.

2. Patent No. 2306695 Russian Federation, A01F29 / 00, B02C 13/04, B02C 13/28, Feed material chopper. / V.A. Mukhin, M.V. Tsymbalova, A.S. Romanov, V.K. Polyanin; applicants and patent holders V.A. Mukhin, M.V. Tsymbalova, A.S. Romanov, V.K. Polyanin. - 2005132874/12, Appl. October 25, 2005; publ. 27.09.2007 Bull. No. 27.

3. Patent No. 2271095 Russian Federation, A01F2 9/00, Multifunctional device. / G.F. Bakharev, L.I. Drolova; applicant and patent holder State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Agricultural Academy (GNU SibIME SO RAAS). - 2005132874/12, Appl. May 19, 2004; publ. 10.03.2006 Bull. No. 7.

Claims (1)

Universal feed chopper, characterized in that it has removable sectional hoppers in the form of a cylindrical hopper equipped with a lid with a gate adjustable by means of a clamping bolt, a square hopper with an inclined bottom communicating with a cylindrical hopper through a passage window, as well as a conical hopper connected by bolts to a rigidly fixed on the frame and vertically located working chamber, while the working chamber has a cylindrical body, to the outlet of which is attached an outlet pipe with a set of grids for grinding feed to a powder state and a metal plate with a window that varies depending on the size of feed grinding, dimensions (L and h), in addition, a deck is installed on the inner side surface of the working chamber, and in the center of the bottom there is an end hole for the entrance of the motor shaft, on which a rotating rotor fixed with a key and locking bolts is mounted, and the rotor consists It consists of an equal set of movable hammers, cutting knives and washers successively passed through the fingers and connected by means of holes to the upper part of the working chamber, which has holes for fastening a double-sided propeller-type knife criss-cross with bolts and a segmented U-shaped knife on top of it, and also with the lower part of the working chamber, which has branches that are both a fan and a grinder, made in the form of blades with a scarf on the edges to ensure strength and rigidly attached by plates through the holes to the rotor hub.

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