RU2635395C1 - Machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine is proposed, comprising a hopper, in which a feeding horizontal conveyor is located, under which a grinding drum equipped with toothed elements located along helical lines is located. The toothed elements are represented by grinding knives made in the form of plates repeating the circumference of the grinding drum, the front cutting edge of which is made in the form of a parabolic curve. Under the grinding drum, a shear knife is installed with an adjustable gap relative to the knife. The grinding drum is a hollow cylinder, on the side wall of which grinding knives are installed by means of rounded racks fixed with bolted connections, and the knives themselves are placed on the outer surface of the cylinder, so that the angle between the knife and the shear knife is equal to the cutting angle with a slip equal to 30…45°. Under the grinding drum on vibration dampers, a receiving tray and a vibrating distributor are mounted, behind which a milling cutter controlled by hydraulic cylinders is mounted by means of hinged brackets.

EFFECT: uniform distribution of organic fertilizers in the soil.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to methods and devices for intra-soil application of ground organic and mineral fertilizers in the root layer of the soil.

A device for applying solid organic fertilizers, including a drive mechanism, a thrower and a feed screw installed in front of the thrower with right and left turns, while in the thrower housing there are two exhaust windows in the direction of rotation of the thrower centrifugal disc at an angle of 15 ° to the horizontal plane: one at the top and the other at the bottom, and in each of them a valve is mounted, installed with the possibility of blocking one window when opening the other, and the feeding auger is enclosed in a casing open 195 ° in front, about locking auger on the thrower side and rigidly connected to the thrower cover, while the screw cover has a window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower and brackets mounted on it, on the thrower side, with height-adjustable support skis, and a centrifugal disk thrower and feed screw drive carried out separately from the adjustable hydraulic motors, while the winding of the feed screw is symmetrical from the ends to the center with a gap in the center equal to the width of the window for feeding fertilizer into the thrower, and the feed screw trehzahodnym configured tape, with the coil pitch equal to its diameter (patent RU №2312483 C1, IPC A01S 3/06).

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, the lack of prior preliminary introduction of grinding, as well as the inability to mix fertilizers with the soil.

A known machine for applying organic fertilizers, including a body with a conveyor, a chopping shaft and an auger-expander with multi-start winding of variable diameter, the multi-start screw winding with a variable diameter has a decrease in diameter to the middle of the shaft, and the grinding shaft is equipped with blades curved in a parabolic curve, forming multi-start winding (patent for invention RU No. 2306688 C1, IPC АСС 3/00, А01С 3/06).

The disadvantages of this machine include the low quality of grinding organic fertilizers, the lack of the ability to mix fertilizers with soil for accessibility of the root system of plants.

The closest technical solution is an aggregate for grinding and applying organic fertilizers to the soil, containing a hopper in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, under which a chopping drum is installed, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, characterized in that the gear elements of grinding the drums are made diamond-shaped, the front cutting edge of which is made parabolic with an angle of sharpening of the blade 20 ... 25 °, it is installed under the grinding drum concave with rhomboid gear elements installed in a checkerboard pattern, the angle of sharpening of the concave blades is 20 ... 25 °, the direction of the helical lines of the grinding drum is determined by the step t = Ma, where M is the number of bars of the grinding drum on which the gear elements are mounted, and a is the distance between the tracks movement of the gear elements of the grinding drum, the hopper is mounted on a frame supported by a wheeled drive, and a harrow-hoe is installed in the lower rear of the frame on the hinged bracket with the help of floods, for control of which second hydraulic cylinders are provided with compression springs. (patent for invention RU No. 2564870 C1, IPC A01C 3/00, A01C 3/06).

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, insufficient grinding of fertilizers, insufficient mixing of fertilizers with the soil.

This device is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed invention is directed: improving the quality of grinding, uniform distribution of the crushed mass over the surface of the soil with simultaneous mixing of organic fertilizers with the soil to ensure the availability of the root system of plants.

The technical result is a uniform distribution of organic fertilizers in the root layer of the soil, increasing its fertility and crop yields.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers, containing a hopper in which there is a horizontal feed conveyor, under which from the output side there is a grinding drum equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, according to the invention, gear elements, they are also grinding knives, made in the form of plates repeating the circumference of the grinding drum, the front cutting edge of which is made a parabolic curve, under the grinding a counter plate is installed with a drum with an adjustable clearance relative to the knife, while the grinding drum is a hollow cylinder, on the side wall of which grinding knives are mounted with rounded bolted racks, and the knives themselves are placed on the outer surface of the cylinder so that the angle between the knife and the counter plate was equal to the cutting angle with a slip equal to 30 ... 45 °, under the chopping drum on the vibration dampers, a receiving tray and a vibrating race a limiter, behind which a mill, adjustable by hydraulic cylinders, is mounted using hinged brackets.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of a machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers.

In FIG. 2 shows a machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers, top view.

In FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 1 - chopping shaft.

In FIG. 4 is a view B in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 5 is a section AA of FIG. 4 knives chopping drum.

In FIG. 6 is a view B in FIG. 5 - chopping drum knife.

A machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers, comprising a hopper 1, in which a horizontal feed conveyor 2 is located, under which a chopping drum 3 is installed on the outlet side, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, according to the invention, gear elements, they are also grinding knives 6, are made in the form of plates repeating the circumference of the grinding drum 3, the front cutting edge of which is made a parabolic curve, under the grinding drum 3 there is an opposing plate and 4, with an adjustable clearance relative to the knife, the chopping drum is a hollow cylinder, on the side wall of which chopping knives 6 are mounted with rounded bolts 5 of a rounded shape, and the knives themselves are placed on the outer surface of the cylinder so that the angle between the knife 6 and the counter plate 4 was equal to the cutting angle with a slip equal to 30 ... 45 °, under the chopping drum 3 on the vibration dampers 7 mounted receiving tray 8 and a vibrating distributor 9, behind which with Nirni brackets 10 mounted cutter 11, adjustable by hydraulic cylinders 12.

Machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers works as follows.

Before starting work, the hopper 1 is filled with fertilizers. When the machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers is moving across the field, the horizontal feed conveyor 2 moves the fertilizers from the hopper 1 to the grinding drum 3, the knives of which, when interacting with the counter plate 4, provide the grinding of organic fertilizers. As a result, a homogeneous finely ground mass is formed, which enters the receiving tray 8, which, using an asterisk 13 with an offset axis of rotation, driven into rotation by a chain gear 14 from the gearbox 15, oscillates. The ground mass of the TOU is directed to the distributor 9, where, with the help of the guide channels, the ground mass of the TOU is fed outside the width of the body 1. The cutter 11 loosens the soil and mixes the ground organic fertilizers with the soil, as a result of this interaction a fertile soil layer is formed, which ensures an increase in agricultural productivity cultures. The use of the cutter 11 for applying organic fertilizers to the soil eliminates the additional operation of incorporating fertilizers into the soil, which is performed using conventional technologies. This significantly reduces the complexity of applying organic fertilizers, and the use of the distributor 9 allows to increase the width of the capture unit and its productivity.

Claims (1)

A machine for grinding solid organic fertilizers containing a hopper in which a horizontal feed conveyor is located, under which a chopping drum is installed on the outlet side, equipped with gear elements located along helical lines, characterized in that the gear elements, they are also grinding knives, are made in the form plates repeating the circumference of the grinding drum, the front cutting edge of which is made a parabolic curve, an opposing plate is installed under the grinding drum, with adjustable gap relative to the knife, while the chopping drum is a hollow cylinder, on the side wall of which, with the help of rounded bolted racks, grinding knives are installed, and the knives themselves are placed on the outer surface of the cylinder so that the angle between the knife and the opposing plate is equal to the angle cutting with a slip equal to 30 ... 45 °, under the chopping drum on the vibration dampers mounted receiving tray and a vibrating distributor, behind which with a hinged bracket new, mounted mill, adjustable hydraulic cylinders.

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