RU2232495C1 - Root grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: root grinder has frame, shaft mounted on frame in bearings and equipped with disk, replaceable knives fixed on disk so as to extend through disk radial slots into charging funnel, and housing, which covers disk with chute for delivery of ground product. Replaceable knives are arranged in troughs of U-shaped frames fixed on shafts by means of bearings on disk. Knives are secured in U-shaped frames for moving over them and extending for predetermined value from disk slots and fixed in frames by means of screws. Frames are positioned for rotation relative to their eccentric axes to set knives cutting angles for values ranging from 0 deg to 90 deg. Shafts are fixed in bearings on disk at the side adjoining housing. Frames crankshafts are maximally spaced from center of rotation of disk and are arranged for circular sliding in slot of guiding ring made in the form of shell, which is positioned for moving inside housing in parallel with disk shaft by means of adjusting screw for setting cutting angle.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and reduced production costs of ready products.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture and can be used in starch, sugar, and other industries.

A device is known (see AS 1628943; Catalog of agricultural machinery M .: TsNIIETI. 1982. P.213, 214, 235, 236; Kartashov L.P. et al. Mechanization, electrification and automation of animal husbandry. M .: Kolos , 1997. S.75-78), consisting of a device for feeding material for grinding, a disk with slots for the passage of detachable chips and fastening to it with fasteners knives.

The feeding device brings the material to be chopped to the knife, which separates a smaller part of the material from the main mass in the form of chips and leads it through the slot of the disk outside the chopper.

The disadvantages of the analogues are the arbitrary formation of the depth and shape of the surface roughness of the particles of the crushed product without taking into account the requirements of subsequent technological operations. As a result, large-scale cutting of some is formed, over-grinding of others, excessive deformation of third particles, irreparable loss of juice, reduction of storage time of the finished product and wasteful use of resources for its production.

The prototype of the proposed device is (see Sominich N.G. et al. Mechanization and electrification of livestock farming. M. - L .: S.397-399) vertical-disk root cutting of RRC-2.

The root cutter consists of a frame on which a shaft with a disk is mounted in the bearings, on which removable knives, a loading funnel and a casing covering the disk with an unloading tray are mounted. The knives are located in the radial slots of the disk at a constant angle of cutting and bolted to it. Root crops loaded into the funnel, under the action of gravity and friction against the disk, are pressed to its surface. The blade blades protruding into the funnel during their movement cut off the chips from them, which pass through the slots of the disk and enter the unloading tray. The shape of the resulting chips and its dimensions are set by two types of knife design:

- the first - with a solid blade, designed to receive shavings in the form of wide chunks, suitable for feeding cattle;

- the second - comb, designed to receive chips in the form of narrow strips corresponding in width to the zootechnical requirements for feeding calves and pigs.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the location of the knives on the disk with a constant angle of cutting, as well as the rigid fixation of knives on it with bolts, which requires several sets of knives with different cutting angles, stopping the grinding process during technological adjustments and the use of a complex system for adjusting the grinding thickness. At the same time, the limited possibility of smoothly adjusting the grinder to the quality of the final product, as well as taking into account the changing physical and mechanical properties of the feed during operation, leads to a violation of the quality of technological operations that require different cutting surfaces from smooth to rough, from slices and chips to pulp, which ultimately creates excessive unit costs for feed in the form of energy, labor for the production of a unit of product.

An object of the invention is to achieve the quality of the crushed product in accordance with the requested social, zootechnical and technological requirements of the processed product.

Improving the quality of the process is achieved by arranging interchangeable knives in the grooves of the U-shaped frames, which are rigidly fixed on the axes, and the axes through the bearings on the disk, while the knives are fixed within the framework with the ability to move on them for a given amount of protrusion from the slots of the disk and be fixed in them for a certain length of cutting, and the rotary frames at their base are attached to the axes, and the axis through the bearings on the disk from the side of the casing. The axis of the rotary frames at the farthest ends from the axis of rotation of the disk shaft is equipped with cranks, which are placed with the possibility of circular sliding in the groove of the guide ring, made in the form of a shell inside the casing, which can be moved in the casing, parallel to the axis of rotation of the disk with adjusting screws, and through them set the angle of rotation of the frame with the knife and, accordingly, the cutting angle, i.e. control remotely, without stopping the machine, the quality of the process.

The task is achieved in a grinder, including a frame on which a shaft with a disk is mounted in the bearings, on which removable knives are mounted, protruding through the radial slots of the disk into the loading funnel, a casing covering the disk with a tray for exiting the crushed product, where according to the invention the replaceable knives are located in the grooves of the U-shaped rotary frames mounted on the axes, and the axes by means of bearings on the disk, while the knives are fixed in the frame and have the ability to move along them for a given amount of protrusion from the slot ska corresponding to the thickness of cutting the root particles, and be fixed in them with a locking screw, and the frames can be rotated relative to their eccentric axes, which sets the cutting angle of the knives from 0 ° to 90 °, and the axes are mounted on the disk in the bearings from the side of the casing. The cranks of the axes of the frames are the most distant from the center of rotation of the disk, placed with the possibility of circular sliding in the groove of the guide ring. The ring in the form of a shell has the ability to move inside the casing parallel to the shaft of rotation of the disk with the adjusting screw, and through it to set, thus, the angle of rotation of the U-shaped frame with a knife, i.e. requested cutting angle.

In contrast to the prototype, positive qualities are achieved due to:

- the location of interchangeable knives in the grooves of the U-shaped frames and fixing them with a locking screw, allowing you to quickly replace the knives during maintenance and move them when adjusting the cutting thickness;

- the location of the U-shaped rotary frame with the base on an eccentric axis mounted in bearings rigidly mounted on the disk, and the axis of the crank frame is placed in the groove of the guide ring, made in the form of a shell having the ability to move inside the casing parallel to the shaft of the disk with an adjusting screw that allows you to change the angle cutting knives from 0 ° to 90 ° according to the required quality of the crushed product in shape from a slice to a pulp remotely, as well as adjusting the operating mode taking into account changing physical -mechanical properties of the feedstock, without stopping the chopper;

- an introduced adjusting screw and a fixed position of the knife cutting angle from 0 ° to 15 °, which allow to obtain a smooth cutting surface of slices and chips; at an angle of rotation from 15 ° to 30 ° - rough; at 30 ° -70 ° - torn and at 70 ° -90 ° ~ in the form of many chips or pulp.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a grinder.

Figure 2 shows the main projection of the rotary frame for attaching removable knives.

The present invention consists (Fig. 1) of a frame on which a shaft with a disk 2 is installed in the bearings, closed by a guard casing 1, inside of which a disk 2 with replaceable knives 3, protruding through the radial slots 4 of the disk 2 into the loading funnel 5; U-shaped frame 6, mounted on the axis 7 by means of bearings 8, rigidly mounted on the disk 2; a crank 9 with an axis 10 included in the groove of the guide ring 11 in the form of a movable shell; an adjusting screw 12 for moving the guide ring 11 parallel to the axis of the shaft of the disk 2 and setting the cutting angle.

Swivel U-shaped frame 6 (figure 2) consists of a frame with a groove 14 for installation and possible movement of the knife 3; locking screw 15 for fixing the magnitude of the protrusion of the knife from the slot 4 of the disk 2 to a predetermined cutting thickness of the product.

Installation works as follows.

The feedstock (Fig. 1) is loaded randomly into the loading funnel 5. When the disk 2 is rotated with slots 4, replaceable knives protrude from the U-shaped frames to a zootechnically sound amount, and the knives are fixed in them with the locking screw 15. The knives 3 are rotated together with frames 6 at an angle from 0 ° to 90 ° using the adjusting screw 12 in accordance with the requirements of the technology for the surface quality of the cut particles.

Root crops located in the loading funnel 5 are cut with knives 3 in the form of particles (shavings, slices, pulp, etc.), pass into the slot 4 in the disk 2, fall down onto the walls of the casing 1 and slide down the output tray 13 from the grinder .

Grinder adjustments:

- replacement of knives flat, grooved, comb, and other forms or worn out is carried out by introducing them into the groove 14 (Fig.2) or removing them from the rotary U-shaped frames 6 and fixing or unlocking them with the locking screw 15;

- adjustment of the chip thickness is achieved by moving the knife 3 in the groove 14 along the slot 4 (figure 2) by the required value above the plane of the disk 2 (figure 1) and fixing the knife 3 in the rotary frame 6 with the locking screw 15 by a zootechnically reasonable amount;

- setting the knives 3 to the required technological surface roughness of the cut off particles is carried out by rotating the adjusting screw 12 (Fig. 1), which will move the guide ring 11, which has a groove with the axles 10 of the cranks 9 located in it (Fig. 2). The rotation of the crank 9 will lead to the rotation of the axis of the frames 7 (figure 2), thus setting the rotation angle of the U-shaped frames 6, in which the knives 3 are located. Turning the knife 3 by an angle of 0 ° -15 ° provides a smooth surface for cutting particles; turning the knife at an angle of 16 ° -30 ° provides a rough surface; knife rotation by 31 ° -70 ° - torn, respectively, and at 71 ° -90 ° - from a surface with many chips and cracks to the pulp.

Using the invention will allow:

- expand the functionality of the device from operations performed by the grinder, to produce slices, shavings to operations performed by grating machines, to produce crumbs, pulp from root crops;

- increase the operational performance of the device, simplify the process control scheme, which will reduce the cost of the final product and create comfortable working conditions for the operator;

- the objective of the invention is achieved.

Claims (1)

Root crop chopper, including a frame on which a shaft with a disk is mounted in bearings, on which removable knives are mounted, protruding through radial slots of the disk into the loading funnel, a casing covering the disk with a tray for exiting the chopped product, characterized in that the replaceable knives are located in the grooves U-shaped frames mounted on the axes, and the axes by means of bearings on the disk, while the knives are fixed within the framework with the ability to move along them for a given amount of protrusion from the slots of the disk and are fixed in them by means of screws, the frames being able to rotate relative to their eccentric axes, which sets the cutting angle of the knives from 0 to 90 °, and the axes are mounted on the disk in bearings from the casing side, while the cranks of the axes of the frames are farthest from the center of rotation of the disk, placed circular sliding in the groove of the guide ring in the form of a shell having the ability to move inside the casing parallel to the shaft of the disk with an adjusting screw, thus setting the angle of rotation of the frame with the knife and the cutting angle.

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