RU2819933C1 - Chopper of root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. The root chopper contains a receiving hopper (1) with a screw (2) and a drum device (3) for cutting them. The receiving hopper (1) together with the screw body (2) represent an entire metal structure. The screw drive (2) is carried out by an electric motor (4). The body of the drum device (3) consists of two parts: the upper one is rigidly connected to the screw body (2), and the lower one is hinged – one side is connected to the upper part by means of a swivel joint (7), and the other is fixed by means of hinged hinge bolts. Inside the housing of the drum device (3), a hollow drum with four U-shaped grooves located relative to each other at an angle of 90 degrees is mounted on the shaft in bearing supports. L-shaped knives (11) are installed in the grooves of the drum, each of which is fixed in them with using a replaceable clamping device and three thrust centering bolts. In the upper fixed part of the body, an anti-cutting element is fixed on rivets along the entire width of the drum. The knife drum (11) is driven by an electric motor (15). The degree of crushing of root crops is regulated by moving each knife (11) in the U-shaped groove of the drum using a replaceable clamping device and fixing it with three thrust centering bolts.

EFFECT: simplification of the design, improvement of the reliability of the shredder, its productivity and the quality of grinding are provided.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for grinding root and tuber crops on livestock farms and complexes.

A known device (see A.S. USSR No. 1033061, IPC A01F 29/00) contains a rotor placed in a casing on a shaft, between the disks of which there are supporting plates, equipped with knives and blades attached to them with front, rear and intermediate surfaces.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the design and insufficient grinding quality.

A device is known (see A.S. USSR No. 1186252, IPC B02C 18/14) containing a housing with knives, in which a primary grinding unit is installed on a horizontal shaft, consisting of a disk, on the end surface of which knives are installed, under which there are slots and a secondary grinding unit containing a disk with knives in contact with the stationary knives of the housing.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the design and its unreliability, which will ultimately lead to increased energy consumption and reduced productivity.

A feed chopper was adopted as a prototype (see A.S. USSR No. 1521370, IPC A01F 29/00), containing a housing, a drum installed on a shaft with knives having clamping elements, a counter-cutting element and a device for feeding feed.

The disadvantages of this device are the unreliability of fixing and adjusting the knives in the drum, which during operation will lead to an increase in dynamic loads and breakdowns, and consequently the energy intensity of the process will increase, and the productivity and quality of grinding will decrease.

The technical task is to simplify the design, increase the reliability of the grinder, its productivity and the quality of grinding.

In fig. 1 shows a root and tuber crop chopper, general view; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; fig. 3 - section A-A in Fig. 1.

To solve this technical problem, a root crop shredder is proposed, which consists of a receiving hopper 1 with a screw 2 and a drum device 3 for cutting them.

The receiving hopper 1 together with the auger housing 2 constitutes an entire metal structure. The auger is driven by an electric motor 4.

The housing of the drum device 3 consists of two parts: the upper 5 is rigidly connected to the body of the auger 2, and the lower 6 is made of a hinged one - one side is connected to the upper part using a hinge joint 7, and the other is fixed using hinged hinge bolts 8. Inside the housing of the drum device 3, on shaft 9 in bearing supports there is a hollow drum 10 with four U-shaped grooves located relative to each other at an angle of 90°. L-shaped knives 11 are installed in the grooves of the drum 10, each of which is fixed in them using a replaceable clamping device 12 and three thrust centering bolts 13. In the upper 5 fixed part of the body along the entire width of the drum 10, a counter-cutting element 14 is fixed to rivets. 10 with knives 11 is powered by an electric motor 15. The degree of chopping of root tubers is regulated by moving each knife 11 in the U-shaped groove of the drum 10 using a replaceable clamping device 12 and fixing it with three thrust centering bolts 13.

The work of the chopper is as follows.

The electric drives 4 and 15, respectively, of the auger 2 and the drum device 3 are turned on. Root crops, previously cleaned of dirt in the washing machine, are fed into the receiving hopper 1, captured by the auger 2, lifted up and thrown out by its blade into the upper 5 part of the drum device. The root crops captured by the knives 11 are pinched between their cutting edge, the counter-cutting element 14 and the surface of the drum 10 and cut into plates of appropriate sizes.

Such a simple layout of the grinder will allow obtaining plates that meet zootechnical requirements, which will ultimately lead to improved grinding quality and improve the digestibility of root tuber crops by animals. In addition, prompt technical and technological maintenance and repair will reduce the time spent on these operations, increase productivity and its operational properties.

Claims (1)

A root and tuber crop shredder containing a receiving hopper with an auger and a drum device for cutting them, characterized in that the receiving hopper together with the auger body constitutes an entire metal structure, the auger is driven by an electric motor, the body of the drum device consists of two parts: the upper one is rigidly connected to the auger body , and the lower one is made folding - one side is connected to the upper part using a hinge joint, and the other is fixed using hinged hinge bolts; inside the body of the drum device, a hollow drum with four U-shaped grooves located relative to each other under an angle of 90°, L-shaped knives are installed in the grooves of the drum, each of which is fixed in them using a replaceable clamping device and three persistent centering bolts, in the upper fixed part of the body along the entire width of the drum, a counter-cutting element is fixed on rivets, the drive of the drum with knives is carried out from an electric motor, and the degree of chopping of root tubers is regulated by moving each knife in the U-shaped groove of the drum using a replaceable clamping device and fixing it with three persistent centering bolts.