RU2594528C1 - Unit for introducing solid organic fertilizers into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and is intended for transportation, grinding and introduction of organic fertilizers and improvers into soil. Unit for introduction of solid organic fertilizers into soil includes a tractor and wheel-mounted body with a detachable rear side and guide plate attached to the body bottom, and working elements. In the rear part of the body there are grinding drums, which are square shafts, to which knife segments are attached by means of pins welded to the knives. Knife segments arranged on shafts in helical lines are of different purposes. Knife segments are trapezoidal, angle of pitch of lateral sides of knives equals the friction angle of knives sliding against organic fertilizer, knives are sharpened on one side and can rotate if dulled. Guide plate is coupled with distribution screw; its cover is meshed. Right and left parts of the screw have different orientation of flights. Wheel-hoe with control of hydraulic cylinders is mounted to the wheeled mover. Grinding drums are driven by power takeoff shaft through reduction gear and chain transmission. Distribution screw is driven by hydraulic motor.

EFFECT: higher quality of grinding, uniform distribution of fertilizers on soil surface, increased width of grip and sealing of fertilizers in soil, higher efficiency.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for transportation, grinding and application of organic fertilizers and ameliorants to the soil.

A known machine for applying solid organic fertilizers, comprising a body with a spreading working body mounted on a chassis, at the bottom of which a feeder is installed in the form of a scraper conveyor, on which a movable wall provided with pivoting beams is pivotally mounted, in which roller bearings are placed, while the side walls of the body are made inclined and two belt conveyors are additionally installed on them, while the spreading working element additionally has a rotary cultivator-leveling device (RU patent for invention No. 2395188 C1, IPC A01C 3/06).

The disadvantages of this machine for applying solid organic fertilizers include the lack of a chopper, a limited spreading width, the complexity of the device and low reliability.

Known spreader of organic fertilizers, including a chassis mounted on a chassis with a feed conveyor and two distribution conveyors installed transversely, while it is additionally equipped with a grinding body mounted at the output of the feed conveyor, made in the form of a drum with a working winding from the center to the edges, above which the swivel visor is placed, and the distributing conveyors are equipped with flow restrictors placed diagonally on the working canvas (RU patent for invention No. 2428827 C1, IPC A01C 3/06).

The disadvantages of this spreader of organic fertilizers include the low quality of the chopper, the limited spreading width, and the low reliability of the work.

Known spreader of loose organic fertilizers and ameliorants, containing mounted on a wheeled body with a removable rear side and a guide plate attached to the bottom of the body, a loosening and spreading device, while the loosening and spreading device is made in the form of rotors rotating with a hydraulic motor and representing a set radially and diametrically oppositely mounted blades rigidly mounted on the shaft, staggered relative to the blades of other rotors, with this device is removable and attached to the side walls of the body, which is mounted with the possibility of changing its angle using the hydraulic cylinder, and the guide plate has an arcuate shape, is shifted relative to the loosening and spreading device towards the tailgate and attached to the underbody (RU patent for the invention No. 2421968 C1, IPC A01C 3/06).

The disadvantages of this spreader of loose organic fertilizers and ameliorants include the low quality of grinding, the limited width of the spread, the lack of a device for feeding fertilizers to the spreading device.

A known unit for grinding and spreading organic fertilizers, containing a tractor and a wheeled body with a removable rear side and a guide plate attached to the bottom of the body, and working bodies, while a feed conveyor with lugs coupled to the triangular guide plate is mounted on the bottom of the body, installed at an angle to the horizontal plane, greater than the angle of friction of organic fertilizers on the guide plate, above the guide plate are installed at an angle of 45 ° to During the movement of the unit, the working bodies in the form of grinding-scattering tooth drums, which are conical in an angular connection, the axis of the upper drum being shifted forward relative to the axis of the lower drum by a value of 0.6 of the diameter of the drum, and the teeth of the grinding-spreading drums are replaceable, are tetrahedral a pyramid with a sharpening angle of 20 ... 25 °, and mounted on hubs fixed on hexagonal drive shafts to provide a predetermined distance between the teeth and the necessary fertilizer grinding, in addition, the feed conveyor drive is made from the tractor power take-off shaft, the upper chopping-spreading drums drive from hydraulic motors, the lower chopping-spreading drums drive from the gears of the upper chopping-spreading drum, while the upper chopping-spreading drums are mounted pivotally on racks mounted on a body frame, are spring-loaded and controlled by hydraulic cylinders (RU patent for invention 2536913 C2, IPC А01С 3/06).

The disadvantages of this unit for grinding and spreading organic fertilizers include the low quality of grinding, the limited spreading width and the lack of the possibility of incorporating fertilizers into the soil.

This unit is accepted as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, improving the quality of grinding, uniform distribution of fertilizers on the surface of the soil, increasing the width of the capture and incorporation of fertilizers into the soil. EFFECT: increased productivity, improved soil fertility without additional technological operations, increased crop yields.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the unit for applying solid organic fertilizers to the soil, containing a tractor and a body mounted on a wheeled drive with a removable rear side, and a guide plate attached to the underbody, and working bodies according to the invention, grinding drums are installed in the rear of the body , representing square shafts, to which with the help of studs welded to the knives, knife segments are mounted on the shafts along helical lines of different directions, knife segments They are trapezoidal, the angle of inclination of the sides of which is equal to the angle of friction of the sliding of the knives against organic fertilizers, and have one-sided sharpening with the possibility of rotation of the knife segment as they become dull, the guide plate is interfaced with a distribution screw, the casing of which is lattice, with the right and left parts the screws have a different orientation of the screws, a harrow-hoe with hydraulic cylinders is installed to the wheel travel, the drive of the grinding drums is made from the power take-off shaft h Through a gearbox and chain transmissions, the drive of the distribution screw is made from a hydraulic motor.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows an aggregate (without tractor) for applying solid organic fertilizers to the soil, side view.

In FIG. 2 - grinding drums.

In FIG. 3 is a view D in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 - chopping drum knife.

In FIG. 5 - unit for applying solid organic fertilizers to the soil, top view.

In FIG. 6 is a fragment of a grinding drum.

In FIG. 7 is a view B in FIG. 6.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The unit for applying solid organic fertilizers to the soil contains a body 1 mounted on a wheel drive 2, a feed conveyor 3 is provided on the bottom of the body 3. A drive gear 4 is installed in the lower part of the body 1 and connected to the tractor power take-off shaft. On the output shaft of the gearbox, an asterisk 5 of the grinding drum drive is provided. On the bracket 6 of the body 1 there are fixed hydraulic cylinders 7 for controlling the leashes 8 of the harrow-hoe 9. At the rear of the body 1 there are drum grinders 10 with knives 11. Under the drum grinders there is a distribution screw 12 with a trellised casing 13 and a drive hydraulic motor 14. The drive of the drum grinders 10 is made through the sprockets 15. Knives 11 have one-sided sharpening 16 and are mounted on square shafts 17 with the help of pins 18 along helical lines, while the helical lines of adjacent knives have different directions. The knives 11 are made trapezoidal, the angle of inclination of the sides of which is made equal to the sliding angle of the knives 11 on organic fertilizers.

The unit for applying solid organic fertilizers to the soil works as follows. When the unit moves to introduce solid organic fertilizers into the soil along the field surface, the feed conveyor 3, which is driven by a tractor power take-off shaft, feeds fertilizers to the drum grinders 10, which, with knives 11, chop the feed of solid organic fertilizers. Moreover, due to the different orientation of the helical lines along which the knives 11 are installed, they not only grind the fertilizers, but also mix them, as a result, a homogeneous finely ground mass is formed, which enters the casing 13 of the distribution screw 12. The turns of the screw 12 capture the crushed mass of fertilizers and move it from the center of the unit to the sides. When moving fertilizers wake up through the holes of the trellised casing 13 and are evenly distributed over the surface of the soil. Harrow-hoe 9 produces loosening of the soil and mixing of crushed organic fertilizers with the soil. As a result of this interaction, a fertile soil layer is formed, which provides an increase in crop yields. The use of a harrow-hoe for applying organic fertilizers to the soil eliminates the additional operation of filling fertilizers into the soil, which is carried out using conventional technologies. This significantly reduces the complexity of applying organic fertilizers, and the use of a distribution screw 12 allows to increase the width of the capture unit and its productivity.

Claims (1)

A unit for introducing solid organic fertilizers into the soil, comprising a tractor and a body mounted on a wheeled drive with a removable rear side and a guide plate attached to the underbody, and working bodies, characterized in that chopping drums consisting of square shafts are installed in the rear of the body, to which, with the help of studs welded to the knives, knife segments are mounted on the shafts along helical lines of different directions, the knife segments are trapezoidal, the angle of inclination of the side the torus of which is made equal to the angle of friction of the sliding of the knives against organic fertilizers, and have one-sided sharpening with the possibility of rotation of the knife segment as they become blunt, the guide plate is interfaced with a distribution screw, the casing of which is lattice, the right and left parts of the screw have different orientation of the screws, to a harrow-hoe with hydraulic cylinders control is mounted to the wheeled drive, the chopping drums drive is made from the power take-off shaft through the gearbox and chain transmissions, and distribute the drive The flax auger is made from a hydraulic motor.

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