RU2620593C1 - Detergent for cleaning details, units and units of vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: detergent for cleaning and degreasing metal surfaces from contaminants is described and is based on EO-10 synthanol, soda ash, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metasilicate, in which potassium monoborate is additionally used to increase detergency, wettability and anticorrosion properties, wt %: 3.5-8 synthanol EO-10, 47.5-50.0 soda calcined, 28.0-30.0 sodium tripolyphosphate, 6.8-10 sodium metasilicate, 0.5-1.0 potassium monoborate, the rest is water.

EFFECT: high rates of detergency, wettability and anti-corrosion properties.

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Description

The invention relates to detergents used to clean the metal surfaces of parts, components and assemblies of vehicles, restored during the repair process, from pollution by greasy films, soot, corrosion products and oil-tar contaminants, and can be used as a new effective detergent in repair production in motor transport enterprises.

High adhesion of contaminants, a complex surface configuration make it necessary to use detergents, which increase the quality of cleaning and labor productivity.

Detergents have three basic requirements:

- high wetting ability, determined by the length of time (in seconds) from the moment of removal of the sample from the solution until the water film ruptures on its surface. The longer this time, the higher the washing ability of the detergent;

- a high degree of purification, defined as the ratio of the mass of removed contaminants to the mass of contaminants before treatment (%);

- the maximum protection of the products to be cleaned from corrosion during the interoperational storage period, determined by the length of time (in days) from the moment of washing to the appearance of the first foci of corrosion on the cleaned surface without additional preservation coatings.

Known detergent composition for cleaning metal surfaces, containing, by weight. %: 2.5-8.0 neonol; 5.0-10.0 trisodium phosphate; 5.0-30.0 sodium metasilicate; 10.0-40.0 sodium hydroxide; 1.0-2.5 sodium chloride; 5.0-10.0 sodium sulfate; 0.5-1.0 urea and the rest is water (analog) [1]. However, this composition is intended for use in enterprises of the dairy industry and is not suitable for the removal of grease films, soot, corrosion products and oil-tar contaminants from the surfaces of parts.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed tool is a synthetic detergent Labomid-203 (prototype), containing, by weight. %: 3.5-8 syntanol DS-10 (surfactant); 50 soda ash; 30 sodium tripolyphosphate; 6.5-10 sodium metasilicate.

Labomid-203 is a crystalline powder of light yellow color, it is soluble in water, it is used in a concentration of 5-8 g / l in an aqueous solution. The washing is carried out at a temperature of 85-90 ° C in mechanized washing installations having a bath with a capacity of up to 1.0-1.2 m ³ for washing liquid, a rotating table below it for laying parts to be washed, jet nozzles for supplying washing liquid, a heater washing liquid. Duration of direct washing 5-10 minutes.

The disadvantage of this tool is the low wetting ability of such contaminants as carbon deposits and oil-tar deposits, a relatively low washing ability (not more than 75-85%) and low anticorrosion properties (lack of corrosion inhibitors).

The aim of the invention is to increase the cleaning and anti-corrosion properties of the detergent composition.

This goal is achieved in that a washing solution for cleaning and degreasing a metal surface containing syntanol DS-10; soda ash; sodium tripolyphosphate; sodium metasilicate, additionally contains potassium monoborate in the following ratio of components, wt. %:

- syntanol DS-10 - 3.5-8.0;

- soda ash - 47.5-50.0;

- sodium tripolyphosphate - 28.0-30.0;

- sodium metasilicate - 6.8 - 10.0;

- potassium monoborate - 0.5-1.0;

- water - the rest.

In the patent and scientific and technical literature, technical solutions are not known that are similar to those proposed, which allows us to conclude that the proposed composition meets the patentability conditions - “novelty”.

Such a ratio of components in the presence of potassium monoborate provides an obvious positive effect, i.e. the proposed composition meets the conditions of patentability - "inventive step".

The composition is used for the industrial cleaning of contaminated surfaces of units, components and parts during maintenance and repair of mobile equipment. It is made from compounds manufactured by domestic industry, therefore, it meets the conditions of patentability - “industrial applicability”.

The composition was tested in accordance with the requirements for detergent compositions.

1. Testing of the washing ability was carried out on test samples with dimensions of 2 × 30 × 100 (mm), cut from sheet steel 3SP. The edges were deburred, a hole 5 mm in diameter was drilled at a distance of 1 mm from the edge to form packets and suspend them in the test solution. The products of preliminary corrosion and scale were removed, degreased with Viennese lime, washed with distilled water (at room temperature), and dried between sheets of filter paper. VLA-200 g-M was weighed on an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.00005 g; weight data (M ₀ ) were recorded in the test log. A mixture of used engine oil and tar deposits from a centrifuge of a diesel engine lubrication system in a 2: 1 ratio was used as artificial pollution. Contamination was applied to one side of the test sample with a spatula, and leveled on the surface with a hand brush. Samples were weighed, the results (Μ ₁ ) were recorded in the test log, the mass of contaminants (Μ ₁ -M ₀ ) was determined.

A packet of samples was formed, leaving a gap of 15 mm between the samples. The bags were placed in a laboratory washer with a test detergent solution at a temperature of 85-90 ° C.

Laboratory washing installation consists of a double-walled thermostatic bath with a capacity of 5 l of washing solution, which is excited using an electric motor reducer having a propeller stirrer rotating with a frequency of 90-120 min ^-1 . The solution was heated through a jacket located around the bath by pumping water with the required temperature from the TC-24 thermostat. The temperature of the liquid was monitored by a thermometer mounted in the liquid bath.

After washing for a predetermined time, the package with test samples was removed from the washing solution, kept at room temperature for 4-4.5 hours until the samples completely dried. Bags were disassembled and weighed each sample with the remaining contamination (M ₂ ). The data was logged.

The degree of purification was determined by the formula

2. Wetting the contaminated surface with a solution of a detergent is the primary act of the washing process, because the detergent contacts the surface being cleaned. The better this contact, the ceteris paribus the stronger the washing effect. And, on the contrary, when there is no wetting, then the washing effect is not observed.

The wetting measure is usually the boundary angle between the tangent to the surface of the liquid drawn from the contact point of the three surfaces (solid, liquid and gaseous) and the projection of this tangent onto the surface of the solid.

The wettability index of detergents in our studies was determined as follows.

Metal samples of size 70 × 150 (mm), after preliminary cleaning from corrosion products and scale, were first immersed in the prepared detergent solution, and then in demineralized water for 10 s. Next, the samples were removed from the water and a violation of the continuity of the water film was recorded visually using a magnifying magnifier. In this case, the surface removed from the edges and sharp edges by less than 10 mm was not taken into account. Wetting ability is characterized by the time from the start of the test to the rupture of the water film.

3. The anticorrosive properties of the washing solution were determined by the length of time (in days) from the moment of washing to the appearance of the first corrosion foci on the cleaned surface without applying protective compounds.

This method is justified by the fact that the interoperational storage period of parts of repaired components and assemblies usually does not exceed 15-30 days. Detergents after drying on the surface of the part to be cleaned form a protective film. If the detergent has an anticorrosive property (there is a corrosion inhibitor in the composition), then the electrode potential of the metal is shifted to the positive side.

The studies were carried out in two washing environments: in a solution of the prototype (Labomid-203) and in a solution of the proposed composition. The experimental conditions were identical: the temperature of the washing solution was 85-90 ° C, the washing time was 8 minutes, the concentration of both the prototype and the proposed composition was 4.0-5.0 g / l.

In the table. 1 shows the results of a study of the degree of purification of contaminated parts in laboratory conditions in solutions of the prototype and the proposed composition.

From the table. 1 shows that the degree of purification of the solution of the proposed tool is significantly higher than that of the solution of the prototype. This confirms the property of "utility" of the invention.

In the table. 2 shows the results of a study of the wettability of prototype solutions and the proposed composition.

Data analysis table. 2 shows that the wettability of the solution of the proposed funds is significantly higher than that of the solution of the prototype.

In the table. 3 shows the results of a study of the anticorrosive properties of the solutions of the prototype and the proposed tool.

From the table. 3 shows that the anticorrosive properties of the solution of the proposed tool is higher than that of the solution of the prototype by 92%.

Literature

1. Detergent composition [Text]: US Pat. 2179998 Ros. Federations: IPC С11D 1/72, С11D 3/04, С11D 3/075 / Khadaev T.I .; applicant and patent holder Khadaev Timur Ilyich; declared 03/27/00; publ. 02/27/02.

2. Telnov N.F. Technology for cleaning and washing agricultural machines [Text]: monograph / N.F. Telnov. - M .: Kolos, 1073 .-- 295 p.

Claims (2)

Detergent for cleaning and degreasing a metal surface containing syntanol DS-10; soda ash; sodium tripolyphosphate; sodium metasilicate, characterized in that to increase the washing ability, wettability and anticorrosion properties, it additionally contains potassium monoborate in the following ratio of components, wt.%: syntanol DS-10 3,5-8,0 soda ash 47.5-50.0 sodium tripolyphosphate 28.0-30.0 sodium metasilicate 6.8-10.0 potassium monoborate 0.5-1.0 water rest