RU2618322C1 - Machine for harvesting tuberous roots and onions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine consists of the frame, two gauge rollers-diabolo, two flat sectional ploughshares, the passive flat edged discs, the receiving separating raddle chain and the main separating raddle chain, the lateral loading conveyor with a blade belt, the active shaking devices, the plant-top-removing rollers with reverse rotation, the thin raddle chain of the plant-top-removing device, the roller separator of soil contaminants, made in the form of rotating replaceable rollers with mechanical or hydraulic height adjustment and the distance between them, the drive gears of the working bodies. The machine is additionally equipped with the raddle chain for product transfer and the longitudinal gravity separator with a palmate belt, the roller separator equipped with a smooth roller arranged with the displacement downward relative to the others. The rollers are arranged with the possibility of vibration and oscillatory motion in the vertical plane.

EFFECT: reduced losses and injuries of tuberous roots at harvesting, improved separation, feeding clean tuberous roots into a storage.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for harvesting root crops, mainly potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke and onions.

Known harvester for harvesting vegetables (RF patent for the invention No. 2080765, IPC A01D 45/00, 1997), containing cutting working bodies with an elevator, a transfer drum with eccentrically located retractable fingers, a finger slide, bulkhead longitudinal and remote conveyors and fruit separator, made of several sequentially located drums with retractable fingers. The phase of the maximum departure of the fingers of the transmitting drum of the fruit separator is less than the maximum phase of the departure of the fingers of the transmitting drum. In this case, the drums of the fruit separator are equipped with a drive configured to provide an increase in the speed of rotation of the drum in the direction opposite to the elevator. The body of each subsequent drum is located above the previous one. The slide is installed in front of a cylindrical brush and is made triangular in shape, one of the peaks is directed upwards and equipped with a web tension mechanism located at this top under the web. In addition, the slope of the hill sheet in its similar branch is greater than or equal to the angle of friction of the fruit, and the brush drum is installed under its lower generatrix with the possibility of longitudinal regulation.

The disadvantages of the known machines are the complexity and intensity of the structure.

Known self-propelled multi-row root and combine harvester (RF patent for the invention No. 2054236, IPC A01D 17/00, 1976), including a frame, a digging share, an elevator, main and additional clumps, a topper, separating conveyors, a lifting conveyor, a sorting device and an unloading conveyor . The harvester has a device for crushing tops with a rotary nozzle located above the digging share, made in the form of a set of individual plates of oval or cylindrical shape. One pair of additional komkodaviteli as well as the main komkodavitel, made in the form of elastic disks placed on the shafts with milling teeth and placed in front of the separating conveyor. Other additional komkodaviteli made in the form of a set of fan impellers with springs and elastic jaws, covered with elastic material on top, and placed above the separating conveyors. The latter are made in the form of narrow tapes placed on the shafts with a mesh stretched over them. The lifting conveyor is placed in a flexible sleeve that encloses it and has an elevator-pneumatic conveyor in the form of twin impellers mounted on one shaft from above on both sides of the conveyor. The separating conveyor is made in the form of a set of narrow rope tapes located with an increasing distance between them for different fractions. The shaft of ropes of a small fraction is combined with the shaft of the disks of the additional clutch with the placement of disks between the ropes.

A disadvantage of the known machine is the relative complexity of the design, metal consumption, i.e. a large number of devices and mechanisms that require additional traction.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is the selected machine as a prototype potato harvester company "Grimme" model GT - 170, consisting of a frame, two copy rollers, diabolo, two flat section shares, four passive flat trim discs at the edges of the copy rollers installed on the belts of the web of the receiving separating bar elevator and the main separating bar elevator, side loading conveyor with a blade blade, topper rollers with reverse rotation I eat redkoprutkovogo botvoudalyayuschego conveyor device; soil impurity roller separator made of rotating removable rollers (steel spiral, rubberized spiral, rubberized smooth), the height and distance of which are adjusted mechanically or hydraulically, gear drives of the working bodies.

The receiving and digging part serves to dig up the soil layer with root tubers and feed it to the main separating elevator and consists of support wheels, digging beater, side discs, and beater digger. Maintaining a predetermined depth of digging with a beater and copying the relief of the field is provided by the support wheels.

The depth of digging is adjusted by changing the length of the screw of the frame of the support wheels. Digging of root crops, partial destruction of the earth layer and transferring it to the main elevator is performed by sectional shares and diabolo rollers.

Side disks are fixed rigidly on the machine frame and are used to cut the earth layer, partially destroy it and transfer it to the elevator. The main and auxiliary separating elevators are designed to separate the undermining mass and supply it to the transverse and lateral conveyors. Elevators, consisting of rods on rubber-cord belts, are equipped with active shaking devices, as well as devices for dumping stones and lumps of soil from the lower branches. The shaking mechanism increases separation at the primary and secondary elevators. Consists of three-arm rollers rotating in supports.

A significant disadvantage of the known machine is the trauma of harvested root crops on all additional devices of the machine and, as a result, poor-quality cleaning.

The technical task of the invention is to reduce losses and trauma of root crops during harvesting, to improve the separation of root crops from soil and plant impurities, and to ensure the supply of clean root crops to the drive (or a small container that can be replaced on the go or into the capacity of the next next vehicle).

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that the machine for harvesting root crops, consisting of a frame, two copying rollers-diabolo, two flat section shares, four passive flat cutting discs at the edges of the copying rollers, installed along the belts of the web of the receiving separating bar elevator and the main separating bar elevator , a side loading conveyor with a paddle blade, reverse rotation topper rollers, a rare-wire conveyor of the topping device; soil impurity roller separator made of rotating removable rollers (spiral steel, spiral rubberized, smooth rubberized), the height and distance of which are adjusted mechanically or hydraulically, gear drives of the working bodies, according to the invention is equipped with a bar product elevator and a longitudinal extension slide with a palm leaf, the roller separator is equipped with a smooth roller placed with an offset downward relative to the rest, and the rollers are made with possible awn vibration and oscillatory motion in a vertical plane.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 - shows a machine for harvesting root crops and onions, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

The machine for harvesting root crops and onions consists of a frame 1, two copying rollers-diabolo 2, two flat section plowshares 3, passive flat cutting discs 4 along the edges of the copying rollers-diabolo 2, installed along the belts of the web of the receiving separating bar elevator 5 and the main separating bar elevator 6, side loading conveyor 7 with paddle blade, active shaking devices 8, topping rollers 9 with reverse rotation, rare-rod conveyor of topping device 10, kovoy elevator 11 product transfer and longitudinal remote slide 12 with a palm leaf, gears 13 drive the working bodies, as well as the separating surface of the roller separator 14, consisting of rotating rollers 15 mounted on a common frame 16, which are located in the same plane and smooth roller 17, placed with an offset downward relative to the rest by the amount S = 1,5d _K (d _K is the diameter of the root tubular crop), and the rollers are made with the possibility of vibrational-vibrational movement in the vertical plane. The transmission of vibrational-vibrational motion is provided by the double eccentric mechanism 18.

Machine for harvesting root crops and onions works as follows.

When the machine moves along the field of the Diabolo 2 rollers, moving along the aisles, they provide the necessary depth of digging. Passive flat edged discs 4 cut under the sectional plowshares 3 to a depth below 5 ... 10 cm of the root and onion layers of the earth and prevent its collapse.

Then, the trimmed mass of the heap enters the receiving 5 and main 6 bar elevators, on which the root and tuber crops are separated from the ground, heap, stones.

On the main 6 separating elevator, root crops and onions are separated from large-sized impurities. Moreover, after passing the main 6 separating elevator, part of the vegetable impurities is pre-cleaned on a roller separator 14.

Moving along the auxiliary separating elevator 6, root crops and onions are separated from soil impurities. From the auxiliary separating elevator 6 root tubers and onions, the remaining clods of soil and weeds fall on the installed rollers 15 of the roller separator 14. Moreover, when the heap of root tubers with impurities on the rollers 15 of the roller separator 14 falls due to the height difference between the rollers 15 of the roller separator 14, the non-separated lumps of soil. Here, weeds and part of the root crops of tubers and onions are stretched by rollers 15 and thrown to the surface of the field. Then the root crops and onions, moving along the rollers 15 of the roller separator 14, go to the rod elevator 11 of the product transfer and then to the longitudinal remote hill 12 with a palm leaf, where the free tops and partially remaining soil impurities are separated as a result of the difference between the vanishing angles from its surface of different components of a heap.

In this case, the flow of the harvested mass is narrowed and sent to the side loading conveyor 7 with a blade blade, from the surface of which comes down to the transported surface.

The proposed machine for harvesting root crops and onions will allow, compared with the prototype, to increase the quality of separation of root crops and onions by 5%, to reduce injury to root crops and onions by 6%.

Claims (1)

Machine for harvesting root crops and onions, consisting of a frame, two copying rollers-diabolo, two flat section shares, passive flat cutting disks, receiving separating bar elevator and main separating bar elevator, side loading conveyor with paddle blade, active shaking devices, topper with reverse rotation, a rare-rod conveyor of the haulage device, a roller separator of soil impurities, made in the form of a rotating removable shaft with mechanical or hydraulic adjustment of the height and distance between them, gear drives of the working bodies, characterized in that it is equipped with a rod elevator for product transfer and a longitudinal remote slide with a palm leaf, a roller separator equipped with a smooth roller placed with an offset downward relative to the rest, and the rollers are made with the possibility of vibrational-vibrational movement in a vertical plane.

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