RU2635394C1 - Potato digger - loader - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises an undercutting share (3), separating conveyors (4 and 5), and a lump-crushing drum. In the front part, on a frame (1), disc cutters (2) are installed, arranged in the row spacings of root and tuber crops. The diameters of the disc cutters are taken from the condition of cutting the furrow slice in the vertical plane to the depth of placement of root and tuber crops. The undercutting share is interfaced with the lower conveyor (4), having the motion speed V₁ hinged on the frame of the potato digger-loader. An upper conveyor (5) with the function of a lump-crushing drum is installed above the lower conveyor (4), while the motion speed of the upper conveyor (5) is equal to V₂. The undercutting share (3) has a cutting blade made triangular, the side walls of which have an opening angle γ= 90-ϕ, where ϕ is the angle of the share blade friction against weeds. The lower separating conveyor (4) is made elbow-roller, on the chain of which elbow bed plates are fixed. On the necks of the elbows, there are soil-crushing rollers (10) made of a resilient-elastic wear-resistant material. For mounting the rollers on the elbows, the rollers are made detachable, consisting of two half-rings connected by screws. The rollers on the elbow necks are installed by means of sliding bearings. The drive of the upper and the lower separating conveyors is made from the power take-off shaft of the tractor through a gearbox (11) and chain drives. The motion speed V₂ of the upper chain-slit separating conveyor (5) is more than the motion speed V₁ of the elbow-roller conveyor (4). The output units of the upper and the lower separating conveyors are arranged in the inner cavity of the drum loading conveyor (15). The lower unit (19) of the upper separating conveyor (5) is arranged by means of detachable sliding bearings on the axis of the disc cutters (2).

EFFECT: reducing the draft resistance, complete separation of roots and tubers from the soil, increased harvesting productivity.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for harvesting root crops - potatoes, onions, beets, etc. with the separation of root crops from the soil and loading into vehicles.

A known machine for harvesting root crops, mainly Jerusalem artichoke, including successively excavating working bodies mounted on a frame, a separating elevator, augers with right and left-hand windings, lump-breaking, transporting and unloading devices, respectively, lump-breaking, conveying and unloading devices, which are made in the form of longitudinally installed vertical plane of counter-rotating lattice rotors, the surface of each of which is formed from cantilevered rods directed along its generatrix with its free ends downward, and the rotor relative to the surface of the conveying device is set with slopes so that the end plane of the free ends of the rods forms an adjustable sharp angle with the surface of the conveying device, while at least one of the rotors overlaps the exit zone the mass from the elevator, and the rotor rods are fixed with the ability to adjust the distance between them, while the rotor is made in the form of a truncated cone, the larger base of which avleno down and end portions of the rods are bent outwardly to form in the bottom zone of the rotor and the concave conical surface formed from an elastic material (RU, patent №2212126 C1, IPC A01D 17/04).

The disadvantages of this machine include the complexity of the design, low reliability, injury of tubers with screws of the screws when changing the direction of movement

A known machine for harvesting root crops, containing a frame with support wheels, sequential ploughshare and sieve, formed from longitudinal rods, and a drive, while in order to improve the quality of the process of separating root crops from soil and the leaves of the tops, reduce traction resistance of the machine and reduce product losses during cleaning, the longitudinal rods are kinematically connected by the rear part of the drive shaft by means of eccentric pins located in antiphase relative to each other, and the front part with the longitudinal with new guides mounted on an axis with rollers with the ability to reciprocate in a plane parallel to the surface of the earth, and rigidly fixed through one to the plowshares, and in the gap between the rods on the same drive shaft mounted rigidly beater with backward curved blades, while the rods in the middle part there are longitudinal slots in which beaters with forward-curved blades are placed, assembled in a single block on an axis receiving rotation from the same drive shaft, and the longitudinal rods in the rear part are curved h at an angle equal to the angle of rolling of root crops (RU, patent for invention No. 2246199 C2, IPC ⁷ A01D 15/04).

The disadvantages of this machine include the complexity of the design, the low quality of the separation of the heap, the inability to load peeled root crops into vehicles, the low operational reliability of the machine.

A device is known for treating heavy soils for sowing and harvesting root crops, including support-copying rollers mounted on a frame, a cutting ploughshare, separating bar conveyors, a lump-breaking blade drum, and it is equipped with separating bar conveyors located under the separating bar conveyors above the soil lumps which are mounted on top of the hinge on a frame are spring-loaded lump-breaking drums with blades rigidly fixed to the surface, and separating at the exit their bar conveyors - pitched gratings to divert the unseparated part of the reservoir under the track of the propellers of the crop care machines, while lump-breaking paddle drums are installed above the separating bar conveyors with gaps commensurate with the gaps of the rods, and with linear speeds exceeding at least 1, 1 time, lumpy-bladed vane drums are mounted on leashes, which are fixed with ends on one side pivotally on the frame, and on the other, freely mounted on supporting elements and connected to the frames th power springs, and to regulate the efforts of the springs, the latter are equipped with screw mechanisms, the lumens of the rods of the separating conveyors, supporting and pitched gratings are made comparable with the lumens of the separating devices of the harvesting machines (RU, patent for invention No. 2305388 C1, АВВ 79/80, А01В 49/02 )

The disadvantages of this device include the complexity of the design, low reliability, fruit damage with lumpy drums, increased traction resistance.

A well-known harvester for harvesting root crops, including a cutting ploughshare, separating bar conveyors, lump-breaking drum, while in the front of the harvester disk knives are installed on the frame located in the rows between rows of root crops, the diameters of disk knives are taken from the conditions of cutting the bed in a vertical plane to the depth of the root , the cutting share is interfaced with the lower rod conveyor having a speed of movement V ₁ and pivotally mounted on the frame of the combine, drive b arabic of the lower rod conveyor is located in the inner cavity of the drum conveyor, an upper rod conveyor with the function of a crushing drum is installed above the lower conveyor, while the speed of the rods V _{2 is} lower than the speed of V ₁ , the lower part of the upper conveyor is fixed by a tension spring, the upper drive drum of the upper bar the conveyor is mounted on racks fixed to the frame, and is a drive for the drive drum of the lower bar conveyor tera, the drum conveyor is cantilever mounted using a hub on a rack fixed to the frame of the combine, the rear wall of the drum conveyor is made mesh, blades are made in the inner cavity around the periphery of the drum, the outer frame of the drum is bar-shaped and connected to the hub by spokes, with a distance between the rods providing soil passage and preventing the passage of root tubers, the drum conveyor drive is made from a hydraulic motor, and the bar conveyor drive is made from a tractor power take-off shaft ora through the gearbox, the upper part of the conveyor drum mounted offloading conveyor driven by a motor (RU patent №2584494 C1, IPC A01D 17/00).

The disadvantages of this harvester include the low quality of undermining of root tubers, the lack of the possibility of destruction of the soil above the digging share, the low quality of destruction of the tuber-bearing soil layer above the bar conveyor.

This harvester is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to simplify the design, reduce traction resistance, increase productivity and quality of harvested root crops, fully mechanize harvesting with loading root crops into vehicles.

EFFECT: reduced traction resistance, complete separation of root crops from the soil, increased productivity during harvesting.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the claimed potato loader, including a cutting ploughshare, separating conveyors, lump-breaking drum, and in front of the frame there are mounted circular knives located in the row-spacings of root crops, the diameters of circular knives are taken from the condition of cutting the formation in a vertical plane placing a depth of root crops, crop ploughshare is associated with a lower conveyor having a moving speed V ₁ and hinged to the frame POTATO ekopatelya loader, above the lower conveyor an upper conveyor with the function komkorazrushitelnogo drum, the velocity of the top conveyor V _2, according to the invention are clipped ploughshare has a cutting blade made triangular, the side walls of which have γ opening angle = 90-φ, where φ - the angle of friction of the share blade on the weeds, the lower separating conveyor is cranked, with crank bars fixed to the chain, soil-destroying rollers made of y wear-resistant material, for mounting the rollers on the knees, the rollers are detachable, consisting of two half rings connected by screws, the rollers on the neck of the knees are installed using sliding bearings, the drive of the upper and lower separating conveyors is made from the tractor PTO through the gearbox and chain transmissions, speed V ₂ movement of the upper chain-separating slatted conveyor greater than the velocity V _{1-articulated} movement of the roller conveyor, the output blocks of the upper and lower separable iruyuschih conveyors are arranged in the internal cavity of the loading drum of the conveyor, the lower unit of the upper separating conveyor placed via releasable sliding bearings on the axis of the circular knives.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty" under the current law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a potato digger loader — cross section.

In FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 - remote element I.

In FIG. 4 - soil-destroying roller, side view.

In FIG. 5 is a section CC in FIG. four.

The potato digger loader includes a frame 1, in the front part of which vertical disk knives 2 are installed, having a diameter that ensures cutting of the upper soil layer to a depth below the location of root crops. Between the circular knives 2, a cutting ploughshare 3 is installed, the width of which is equal to the width of the root and tuber nests. The upper part of the cutting share 3 is coupled with the lower crank-roller conveyor 4. The cutting share 3 has a triangular cutting blade. The lateral sides of the blade have a solution angle γ = 90-ϕ, where ϕ is the angle of friction of the share blade against weeds.

The upper chain-slat conveyor 5 is mounted above the crank-roller conveyor 4. The lower crank-and-roll conveyor 4 is mounted on the frame 1 using the rotary axis 6. The upper chain and slat conveyor 5 is mounted on the frame 1 using the rotary axis 7. The lower crank-roller the conveyor 4 is mounted on the frame 8, and the upper chain-slat conveyor is mounted on the frame 9. The lower cranked roller conveyor 4 has soil-destroying rollers 10 mounted on the neck of the knees. The rollers 10 are made of a resiliently wear-resistant material and mounted on the necks of the knees using separable sliding bearings.

The drive of the upper 5 and lower 4 conveyors is made from gearboxes 11 through a cardan drive 12 from the power take-off shaft of the aggregating tractor.

The upper conveyor 5 has a drive from the gearbox 11 through a chain gear 13, and the lower crank-roller conveyor 4 has a drive from the gearbox 11 through a chain gear 14.

The speed V _{2 the} movement of the upper chain-slider conveyor 5 is greater than the speed V _{1 the} movement of the crank-roller conveyor 4.

The output blocks of the upper 5 and lower 4 conveyors are placed in the inner cavity of the drum loading conveyor 15, which has ring rods 16 and fruit-catching blades 17. The distance between the ring rods 16 is taken from the condition of preventing root crops from passing between them. The frame 1 of the harvester is supported by pneumatic tires 18. A pitched chute is provided at the top of the drum loading conveyor 15. The lower block 19 of the upper conveyor 5 is placed using separable sliding bearings on the axis of the disk knives 2. In the front of the frame 1, a bracket 20 is provided for installing the topping cutter. To prevent losses of tubers - the side 21 and the sides of the lower crank-roller conveyor 4. The elbow 22 of the crank-roller conveyor 4 is placed along the length of the conveyor in antiphase on the chain 23.

The rollers 10 are made detachable, consisting of two half rings 24 connected by screws 25.

Potato loader works as follows. When moving along a harvested field, disk knives 2 cut the upper soil layer to a depth below the level of root crops, which provides a significant reduction in the traction resistance of the undercutting share 3, since there is no resistance to separation of the formation from vertical walls. Cutting ploughshare 3 separates the soil layer with root tubers in a horizontal plane, while the triangular shape of the blade prevents the ploughshare from enveloping with plant residues and reduces traction resistance.

The cut soil layer is captured by the upper separating conveyor 5 and moves along the cutting ploughshare 3, causing partial destruction of the layer. The upper separating conveyor 5 provides the soil layer to the lower crankshaft 4, which further reduces the traction resistance of the potato digger-loader.

When moving soil with root tubers along the lower crank-roller conveyor, the rollers actively act on the soil layer and ensure the separation of tubers from the soil due to the different height of the rollers on the conveyor.

In addition, the upper conveyor 5, having a high speed of movement, produces grinding of the soil formation and active separation of root crops. The root crops separated from the soil are fed into a drum loading conveyor 15, which ensures their loading into vehicles or containers.

The use of a crank-roller conveyor ensures the complete separation of tubers from the soil, improves the quality of harvested root crops and reduces labor costs for finalizing the products obtained.

Claims (1)

A potato loader-digger, including a cutting ploughshare, separating conveyors, lump-breaking drum, and in front of the frame there are mounted circular knives located in the rows between rows of root crops, the diameters of circular knives are taken from the condition of cutting the formation in a vertical plane to the depth of the root and root crops, trimmed with lower conveyor having a speed of movement V ₁ and pivotally mounted on the frame of the potato digger loader, above the lower conveyor is installed upper a conveyor with the function of a crushing drum, the speed of the upper conveyor being equal to V ₂ , characterized in that the cutting ploughshare has a triangular cutting blade, the side walls of which have an opening angle γ = 90-ϕ, where ϕ is the angle of friction of the ploughshare blade against weeds , the lower separating conveyor is made of crank-roller, with crank bars fixed to the chain, soil-destroying rollers made of resiliently elastic wear-resistant material mounted on the neck of the knees, for mounting the roller in bends on rollers are separable consisting of two half-rings connected by screws, rollers mounted on the necks of the knees using plain bearings, drive the upper and lower separating conveyors formed by the tractor PTO through a gear and chain transmission, the speed V ₂ of the upper displacement tsepochno- separating slatted conveyor greater than the velocity V _{1-articulated} movement of the roller conveyor, output units separating the upper and lower conveyors are arranged in the inner cavity Baraba Nogo loading conveyor, the lower unit of the upper separating conveyor placed via releasable sliding bearings on the axis of the circular knives.

Images