RU2671667C1 - Aeroenergostat ground-generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to wind power engineering. Aeroenergostat ground-generator comprises in composition of aeronautic module made in one piece balloon, mounting base ring, pressed to the bottom of the shell by meridian ribbons, supporting frame in a plane perpendicular to the wind, to the horizontal crossbar of which the nacelle with a radial-blade turbine is suspended, the axis of rotation coinciding with the direction of the wind, flexible shaft, tethered cables, power unit made of multiplier and generator, freely swinging inside vertical pillars, mooring bollard with a turntable located on it with two coaxial winches. A leeward bracket with a variable thrust aircraft engine departs from the mounting base ring. In the casing of the gondola there is a gear-bevel gear, the driving shaft of which is the axis of rotation of the turbine, and the driven gear of the gear-bevel gear juts out vertically from the nacelle and is connected to the upper end of the flexible shaft. Around mooring pedestal there is an annular track with self-propelled trolley placed on it, on which vertical stands with a power block are located, and the shaft of the multiplier is connected to the lower end of the flexible shaft. Cart is made with the ability to move along the ring track towards the aeronautic module when it is displaced from changes in the wind direction in such a way that the driven shaft, the flexible shaft and the multiplier shaft always have a joint vertical-coaxial orientation, at the same time, electric trolley drive, aircraft engine, winches are controlled by a single computer program.EFFECT: invention is aimed at minimizing individual causes of wear and destruction.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

It is used for high-altitude energy generation of atmospheric flows at the level of high-speed winds into electrical energy.

This aeroenergostat relates to wind turbines with radial-blade turbines, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the direction of the wind.

In wind energy, devices are known in which their radial-blade turbines are raised to a great height and connected via a multiplexer to a generator in a ground position through a multiplier. This achieves a significant reduction in the weight of the high-altitude part of the device by the weight of a massive generator (65-70% of the mass of the entire power unit), which in installations based on the use of aeronautic lifting modules, can dramatically reduce the use of light technical gases. For example, to place a turbine at a height of high-speed winds to generate power of 150 kW, a smaller volume of balloon gas filler will be needed for 6000 m3. Moreover, since the electrical equipment of the device is significantly removed from the high-altitude module and its balloon shell, it can be filled without damage to fire safety with hydrogen, which is seven times cheaper than helium on the Russian market of industrial gases and which can be produced by electrolysis directly at the location of the aeroelectric power station.

Among wind-driven balloons with ground-based generators, there are patent developments using high-speed orthogonal-blade rotors (patents SU 1237789 A1, 06/15/1986; 1509560 A1, 09/23/1989; patent RU 2638237 C1, 12/12/2017) and the pilot project of the M.A.R.S. wind-driven balloon American company Mogenn Power. In their aeronautical modules, without significant technical problems, the synthesis of balloon shells and horizontal windrotors with rotation axes perpendicular to the wind is achieved. Such systems are the only operable in ascending air currents, which prevail in foothill areas, are found in areas with complex terrain, near high-rise structures. At the same time, on the plains and sea shelves, wind rotors have the lowest efficiency among all other wind turbines. Alternating loads act on the blades of the windrotors, as a result of which the aeronautical modules are subject to vibrations. At high rotational speeds, which are organically characteristic of them, the video rotors have a high frontal resistance, at which the pressure of the wind acts on them in such a way that presses the aeronautical modules to the ground. Such a negative effect can be suppressed by increasing the lift of the aerostat, which is achievable with large rising volumes of aerostat gas and envelope dimensions, which have their own strength limit.

A balloon system is known in which rotation is transmitted to a ground-based electric generator via a flexible shaft from an aeronautical module with a low-speed radial-blade turbine (patents RU 2612492 C1, 03/09/2017; US 4470563 A, 09/11/1984). Since the turbine has an axis of rotation coinciding with the direction of the wind, its non-contact compatibility in one design with an aerostat shell allows a limited number of technical solutions, which however give a significant result, since the efficiency of wind generation from such turbines is 30-35 percent higher than that of wind energy balloons with wind rotors .

In all the mentioned devices, the flexible shaft from the aeronautical module to the ground generator sags at an angle to the earth's surface and has an unrecoverable deflection under its own weight, which, when the shaft rotates, gives a visual perception of it as a rapidly rotating spindle. The greater the deflection increases with the rotation speed of the inclined flexible shaft, which has a length of several hundred meters to reach the level of high-speed winds, the greater the reactive moment and the amount of runout to destructive values that applies to the entire aeronautical module, violates the optimal orientation of the module to the wind, wear out and disable its nodes, fasteners between them. The final conclusion for all wind generation systems, a common feature of which is the presence of a rotating flexible shaft, if this shaft has an inclination to the earth's surface, is that such devices will have limited practical applicability, due to a high degree of accident rate.

In a number of high-altitude wind turbines (US Pat. No. 4,470,563 A, 09/11/1984), flexible connections are used from the drive pulleys on the axes of radial-vane turbines as part of the aeronautical module to the driven pulleys on the axes of ground-based electric generators to transmit rotation. Such a mechanism with large differences in elevation between the pulleys is not able to work reliably in view of the impossibility of stable tension of flexible ties, their inevitable large deflection and overlap. A similar principle of operation is embedded in an aerostat with orthogonal blades (patent KR 101214277 B1, 07/01/2011), which at the same time differs in the design of the ground node, where there is an annular monorail track, on which a diametric beam is supported by two wheels, which rotates with one third support on the central axis of rotation. Wheels and generators with their driven pulleys are located at the ends of the diametrical beam. Such an annular track is part of the ground part of the wind power installation (patent SU 1211449 A1, 02/15/1986), it rotates on it with support on wheelsets, a hexagon assembled from bridge trusses. The massiveness of the hexagonal connection of the trusses is such that only the extremely powerful pressure of the high-altitude atmospheric flow to the aeronautical module of the installation is able to move and rotate the structure so that the longitudinal axes of the two balloon balloons and the rotational axes of the orthogonal screw blades coincide with the direction of the wind.

The aeronautical wind rotor (patent RU 2572469 C1, 01/10/2016) has a ground trolley with a winch that manually and freely moves on the foundation plate of a wind turbine, is pushed to the side during operation of the installation in wind generation mode, serves and is used only when lifting and for lowering down the aeronautical module.

Wind power installations are known (patents RU 2372519 C2, 11/10/2009; 2253040 C1, 05/27/2005), inside the turbine nacelles of which there is a gear-bevel gear that converts the horizontal-axis rotation coinciding with the wind direction, the rotation of the turbines into the vertical-axis rotation of the driven a shaft protruding from below from the body of the nacelles.

An electric generator with a radial-blade turbine, the rotation axis of which must coincide with the direction of the wind, is suspended from a balloon balloon in wind energy devices (patents CN 104061125 A, 09.24.2014; 104895744 A, 09.09.2015). Significant stresses arise at the junction of the lines with the sheath, caused by the large total mass of the wind-power block, the weight of which when generating 150 kW reaches at least seven tons. However, the cause of wear and damage to the fastener assemblies is rather the fluctuation of the load on the fastener elements as a result of chaotic and independent rocking of the shell and the wind-power block not rigidly suspended from it.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the flexible shaft, which transmits rotation from a radial-blade turbine, which is part of the aeronautical module and whose axis of rotation coincides with the direction of the wind, to the ground power unit from the multiplier and generator is invariably vertical, which makes it possible to pull its aerostatic lifting force, self-gravity force without large deflections and runout, causing wear and destruction of the main components and elements of the aerostat. The verticality of the flexible shaft is a consequence of its joint vertical coaxial orientation with the shafts that it connects, namely, the upper shaft from the aeronautical module mechanism and the lower shaft to the multiplier mechanism. In turn, this joint vertical alignment is provided and supported by the design differences of the invention. The connection of the aerostat shell and the mounting base ring, from which the support frame of the nacelle with the aforementioned horizontal-axis turbine moves down, can be more rigidly fixed with the help of a lattice guard mounted on the ring and wrapping around the lower part of the shell.

The aim of the invention is to minimize the individual causes of wear and tear of a high-altitude wind power device, in which the rotation from a radial-blade turbine with an axis of rotation coinciding with the wind direction and included in the aeronautical module is transmitted by a flexible shaft to the ground multiplier and generator.

The goal is achieved by the design differences of the ground-generator aerostat, and being raised as a part of the aeronautical module to the height of high-speed winds, the turbine nacelle contains a gear-bevel gear that converts horizontally axial, coinciding with the wind direction, the turbine rotates into vertical axial rotation of the driven shaft. Vertical racks, inside which the power block from the multiplier and the generator freely swings, are transferred to a trolley, which is self-propelled, mounted and moved along the ground ring track around the quay pedestal with a turntable and two coaxial winches fixed to it. The driven shaft, protruding downward from the nacelle body, the flexible shaft and the multiplier shaft have a joint vertically coaxial orientation, the stability of which is supported by a computer program that controls the operation of winches, a self-propelled cart and an aircraft engine. The strength of the joints of the aerostat shell and the base mounting ring, which are non-removable elements of the aeronautical module, can be enhanced by fixing this unit using a trellised fence.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a ground-based aeroenergostat; in FIG. 2 is a view from the side of the wind of the aeronautical module of the same device; in FIG. 3 - bevel gear in the turbine nacelle housing.

Aeroenergostat consists of an aeronautical module and a mooring unit connected by sagging tethered cables 1 and a vertically stretched flexible shaft 2. The module consists of a single-balloon balloon 3, a fastening base ring 4, pressed to the bottom of the shell by meridian tapes 5, leeward from the base bracket 6 with variable thrust aircraft engine 7, support frame 8, to its horizontal beam reinforced by an arched truss, a nacelle 9 is suspended with a radial-blade turbine 10. The axis of rotation of the turbine coincides It is connected with the direction of the wind and is the drive shaft 11 of the bevel gear 12 located in the body of the nacelle. The driven shaft 13 of the bevel gear protrudes vertically downward from the nacelle body, connected to the upper end of the flexible shaft. The mooring unit includes a mooring curb 14 and around it an annular track 15, along which a self-propelled cart 16 with vertically mounted uprights 17 moves, inside of which the power unit freely rotates from the multiplier 18 and the generator 19. The shaft of the multiplier 20 is connected to the lower end of the flexible shaft. A rotating platform 21 with two coaxial winches 22 located on it is located on the quay pedestal. Reliability of the joints of the aerostat shell and the fastening base ring suspended with it with other elements of the aeronautical module can be enhanced by installing a trellis fence 23, covering the lower part of the shell.

The proposed device operates as follows. A mooring unit is being built at the location of the aeroenergostat, winches are mounted on the rotary platform of the mooring curb, and a self-propelled cart with vertical racks is installed on the ring track, inside of which there is a power unit made of a multiplier and a generator. To the shaft of the multiplier is attached the end of the flexible shaft, which freely lies on the ground. Next, next to the mooring unit, an aeronautical module is assembled, to which tethered cables and the free end of the flexible shaft are connected from the winches. The aerostat shell is filled with light gas (helium or hydrogen) in a volume at which a lifting force arises that can lift the aeronautical module and tethered cables into the sky, and extend the flexible shaft to its full length. Tether cables are simultaneously pulled from the winch drums and the aeronautical module rises to the level of high-speed winds at an altitude of 300-600 meters, previously limited by a long flexible shaft, which is stretched by aerostatic lifting force and self-gravity. The module is rotated so that the axis of rotation of the turbine coincides with the direction of the wind. The operation of the winches, the aircraft engine and the movement of the self-propelled cart reaches the vertically coaxial position of the multiplier shaft, the flexible shaft and the driven shaft related to the nacelle. In this case, the sagging and deflection of the flexible shaft are substantially eliminated. Under the high-speed pressure of the wind, the turbine begins its horizontal-axial rotation, which is converted through a gear-bevel gear into the vertical rotation of the driven shaft, which protrudes downward from the nacelle body, is transmitted by a flexible shaft, the beating of which is minimized, to the multiplier shaft and enters the generator. The resulting electricity after the controller, battery and inverter is supplied to consumers.

When the direction of the air flow changes, its pressure acts on the windward side surfaces of the aeronautical module, primarily its balloon shell. Under this pressure, the aeronautical module describes the arc around the ground mooring pedestal, dragging the rotary platform along with the coaxial winches into exactly the same offset through the tethered cables. At the same time, the flexible shaft leans towards the displaced aeronautical module and pulls in the same direction a trolley moving together with the power block on it along the ring track. Spatial rebuilding of the aeronautical module ends when the axis of rotation of the turbine coincides with the new direction of the wind. In order for the described maneuver to reliably achieve its result and occur more dynamically, weathercocks can be installed on the leeward side of the aerostat module, since they are used in a wind turbine (patent RU 2637589 C1, 12/05/2017). Upon complete completion of the module rebuilding, the electric drive of the trolley is turned on, which continues to move on its own until it is directly below the module and the flexible shaft again becomes vertical and coaxial with the driven shaft related to the nacelle and the multiplier shaft.

The hovering of the aeronautical module over the ring track and the self-propelled cart on it is set by the length of the tethered cables, which is regulated by winches. The main function of a variable thrust aircraft engine is to maintain the orientation of the axis of rotation of the turbine with a variable speed wind and, accordingly, the verticality of the driven shaft related to the nacelle. At the same time, the aircraft engine promotes tethered cables to support the aeronautical module above the ring track and self-propelled cart. It is advisable to use an exclusive Siemens electric motor as an aircraft engine, which with a weight of only 50 kg develops variable thrust power up to 260 kW. The use of lattice fencing of the lower part of the aerostat shell is most expedient in local atmospheric and climatic conditions, which are more often than usual changes in the normative wind speed for its sharp gusts.

A preliminary forecast of the appropriateness of wind energy aeronautical systems contains the conclusion that with their help, climbing 300-600 meters to the level of high-speed winds is possible and costs 37-58% cheaper than building columns of steel and reinforced concrete with the maximum height they reach 150-200 meters. At the same time, this advantage becomes even more evident with the ground-generator design of the installation, which makes it possible to drastically reduce at least two times the volume of aerostat gas. In contrast to the well-known patent prototypes, a real aeroenergostat with a vertical flexible shaft makes the system not only practically applicable to a limited extent, but also acquires industrial potential by eliminating, first of all, the main cause - accident rate. Aeroenergostat creates the prerequisites for the safe use of hydrogen for gas filling of the balloon shell, which is more affordable and cheaper than the use of helium. In addition, the aeroenergostat can be equipped with its own electrolytic installation that produces hydrogen, which makes it completely autonomous from the supply of light industrial gases and serves as a store of surplus wind energy.

Claims (2)

1. Aero-generating ground-based aeroenergostat, comprising as a whole the aerostatic envelope, a fixing base ring pressed to the bottom of the envelope by meridian tapes, a support frame in a plane perpendicular to the wind, to the horizontal crossbar of which a gondola with a radial-blade turbine is suspended, the axis of rotation of which coincides with the direction of the wind, a flexible shaft, tethered cables, a power unit from a multiplier and a generator, freely swaying inside the vertical posts, mooring a curbstone with a rotary platform with two coaxial winches located on it, characterized in that a leeward bracket with a variable thrust aircraft engine leaves the mounting base ring, while a gear-bevel gear is placed in the nacelle housing, the drive shaft of which is the axis of rotation of the turbine, and the driven shaft the gear-bevel gear protrudes vertically downward from the nacelle and is connected to the upper end of the flexible shaft, while around the quay pedestal there is an annular track with a self-propelled cart placed on it, on which vertical racks with a power unit are located, and the multiplier shaft is connected to the lower end of the flexible shaft, the trolley being able to move along the annular track towards the aeronautical module when it is displaced from changes in wind direction so that the driven shaft, flexible shaft and the shaft of the multiplier always have a joint vertically coaxial orientation, while the electric drive of the cart, aircraft engine, winches are controlled by a single computer program. 2. Aeroenergostat according to claim 1, characterized in that a lattice fence is installed on the mounting base ring, covering the lower part of the balloon shell.

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