RU2612492C1 - Terrestrial aeronautical wind turbine generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: ground-generating aeronautic engine as part of aeronautic parts of lateral support for the interconnected gas-filled balloons balloon module positive buoyancy and power unit with wind radial-bladed rotor, planetary multiplier, an electric generator, mooring assembly comprising a cable and wire, cable, terrestrial cabinet with rotatable platform on it two coaxial winches. This radial-bladed rotor is on the leeward side of the arch-bridge support gas-filled cylinder, with its axis coinciding with the direction of air flow, its free end is looking at wind power generator together with the multiplier lowered onto the platform berthing site, are integrated and secured leeward position within the rack, so that they can swing freely. Winches transferred to the windward side. For platform support on the ground pedestal used npowered roller conveyors. The rotation axis of the rotor is directed first in a 3-speed manual gearbox and then through the flexible shaft fixed length, stretched into a string is supplied to the multiplier and then the generator. The gearbox housing consists of two U-brackets: the upper fixed having projecting from shelf input shaft communicating with the free end of the rotor axis of rotation and attached flange to said arch-bridge support and a lower bracket in the flange with the output shaft communicating with flexible shaft, which swings freely, which braces the sidewall oppositely directed, through their common horizontal axis is missing - it is the shaft of the 2nd stage gear.

EFFECT: decline in gas filling and the weight and size parameters balloon aeronautic turbine module.

4 dwg

Description

It is used for high-altitude energy generation of atmospheric flows at the level of high-speed winds into electrical energy.

The power device relates to wind turbines, the radial-blade rotor of which has an axis of rotation that coincides with the direction of air flow.

Recent advances in aeronautics technologies and materials have made it possible to refuel gas-filled shells with helium no more than once every several years, which increases the practical prospects of using aerostats for wind energy purposes.

At the same time, when replacing the archaic method of raising wind turbine power units to the level achieved by wind power using heavy towers and columns on massive foundations of 198 m, by the method of placing wind engines in the zone of high-speed winds at an altitude of 300 meters or more using aerostatic modules from shells, filled preferably with safe helium, it becomes relevant to reduce the required volume of gas agent and the corresponding decrease in the overall dimensions of the shells.

A device is known in this promising field of technology (patent SU 8970 A1, 04/30/1929), the balloon module of which is a gas-filled cigar-shaped shell. The rotors are installed in a truss ring encircling the shell, their rotation axis coincide with the direction of the wind. This high-altitude installation does not possess aerodynamic surfaces. The aerostat wind generator (patent RU 2537664 C1, 02/04/2014) is equipped with a rotor of vertical-axial rotation, has a shell in the form of a flat-convex lens with a horizontal bottom, which contributes to the formation of aerodynamic lifting force. Rope communications, as in an aerial high-altitude wind generator (patent RU 2535427 C1, 12/24/2013), perform program control functions of the longitudinal and transverse stability of the aeronautical part of the device. In all the mentioned wind energy systems, their generators are raised to the height of high-speed winds. At the same time, the mass of the generators is about 65-70% of the weight of the power units as a whole and requires aerostatic lifting, for example, when generating power of 200 kW, gas filling of the shells with helium in a volume of at least 6 thousand m ³ . The power units of low-speed wind turbines of industrial power significantly aggravate the need to be equipped with planetary multipliers with a high gear ratio up to i = 20-52.

In wind turbines (patents RU 2457358 C1, 07/27/2012, RU 2576103 C1, 01/27/2015), there are two longitudinal gas-filled shells parallel to the axis of symmetry of the aerostat module and equally spaced from it. The layout of the balloon module is similar to a catamaran, the generators are raised into the surface layer of the atmosphere for one with the entire aeronautical part of the device.

Known high-altitude wind turbine (patent SU 15467, 05/31/1930), whose rotor blades are radially directed, placed inside and outside the hollow gas-filled annular body, fastened with it, their axis of joint rotation coincides with the direction of the wind. This rotation through two flexible shafts, gear bevel gears and a vertical shaft enters the generator, which is located at the top of the swivel mast or any other ground part of the installation. The performance of such a device is doubtful. Part of the wind energy is spent not only on the rotation of the rotor, but also on the gas-filled shell. Flexible shafts are curved and, due to their elasticity, tend to straighten, thereby violating the obligatory horizontal-axial position of the axis of rotation of the rotor assembled with an annular body, without which efficient and stable generation is not possible. The lack of tension on the flexible shafts causes the turbine to tip over on its side under the pressure of the wind. One of the flexible shafts that is connected to the rotor from the leeward side will inevitably catch on the outer blades and stop the rotation of the mechanism. Aerodynamic surfaces, orientation elements for the wind in a wind turbine are not provided.

On the basis of the general principle, high-altitude stations operate (patents US 20130307274 A1, 11/21/2013 and RU 2467201 C2, 11/20/2012), where the generators are in the ground position, the rotation in them is supplied from the drums of the mooring winches, when their ropes are pulled by lifting possessed by aeronautical modules of such structures. However, after complete bleeding of the cables, the modules reach their highest mark, the rotation of the reels stops, the generators stop and it becomes necessary to return the modules to their initial low position. The last action is not possible without dependence on third-party energy sources and along with the cyclical operation is the main disadvantage of the stations, which should include problems with the strength and rigidity of structures, orientation to the wind, unreliability of parachute and sailing elements.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the most massive elements of the power unit, namely the generator and planetary multiplier, are removed from the aeronautical part of the wind power installation, are lowered and placed on a horizontal axis inside the racks of the rotating platform of the mooring unit. The radial-vane rotor of the power unit, while remaining raised by the aerostat module to the height of high-speed winds, is transferred to the leeward side of the arch-bridge support of the module, on the windward surface of which a special three-speed manual transmission is fixed. The rotation of the rotor axis, coinciding with the direction of the wind, is sent to the aforementioned mechanical device, then through a flexible shaft of a fixed length, stretched into a string, and the planetary multiplier enters the generator. The output shaft of the gearbox, as well as the generator in one piece with the multiplier, are able to swing freely and, accordingly, the flexible shaft can be freely positioned at such an angle to the ground that it does not prevent the aeronautical part of the installation from occupying a variable height depending on the wind pressure on this structure .

The aim of the invention is to reduce the volume of gas filling and weight and size parameters of the shells of the balloon module of the aeronautical part of a high-altitude wind turbine.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the composition of the power unit raised by the aerostat module to a predetermined height level is limited by a radial-blade rotor on the leeward side of their joint arch-bridge support. The generator in one piece with the planetary multiplier are based in the leeward position on the rotating platform of the mooring unit. Communication of rotation from the rotor axis, which coincides with the direction of the air flow, to the ground multiplier and generator is carried out using a flexible shaft of a fixed length, stretched due to the positive buoyancy of the aerostat module into the string and which can be located at an angle to the surface of the earth, allowing the aeronautical part of the device to describe circles on different heights and optimally oriented to the wind. The unobstructed inclination of the flexible shaft at any necessary angle is achieved due to the fact that the generator together with the multiplier swing freely inside the racks, resting on the rotating platform of the mooring unit, and if there is a design feature of a 3-speed mechanical gearbox of rotation from the axis of the rotor to the flexible shaft, which consists in the fact that the output shaft of said box also has the ability to swing freely. In view of the bottom placement of the massive generator with a multiplier, both coaxial winches are rearranged on the windward side of the rotating platform of the mooring unit, the platform support on the ground curb is reinforced by the presence of non-driven roller tables.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a land-based aeronautical wind turbine; in FIG. 2 - view of the aeronautical part of the same wind turbine from the wind; in FIG. 3 - kinematic diagram of a 3-speed manual gearbox, which is part of the device; figure 4 is a top view of the mooring site.

The wind turbine includes the aeronautical part of the device with an aerostat module and a mooring unit, which are interconnected by a flexible shaft 1 and cables 2. The aerostat module contains interconnected gas-filled cylinders 3, of which the end shells have a keel 4. The module is laid across and fixed on an arc arch bridge support 5, has a stern horizontal plane stabilizer 6. A leeward radial-blade rotor 7 is located in the middle of the support, and 3 steps are installed on its windward side at that level manual gearbox 8. The rotation of the rotor, entering the gearbox through the input shaft 9, sequentially passes the first gear-conical step 10, the second gear-cylindrical step 11 and the third gear-conical step 12 with the output shaft 13, through a connector connected to the upper end of flexible shaft. The case of the box is made of two U-shaped brackets, where the upper bracket 14 with its shelf is motionlessly connected to the arch-bridge support in the previously mentioned place. The lower bracket 15 has the ability to swing, since the sidewalls of the brackets are counter-directed and mounted on a common horizontal axis 16, which is also the shaft of the second stage of the transmission mechanism. The mooring unit includes a ground concrete pedestal 17 with non-driven roller tables 18, on which the pivoting platform 19 rests. It has a lee generator 21 mounted on the racks 20, swinging on the horizontal transverse axis together with the multiplier 22, the input shaft of which is connected to the lower end via a connector flexible shaft. Here, two coaxial winches 23 are placed in the windward position.

The proposed wind turbine operates as follows. After installation and fastening in the open area of the mooring unit, assembly of the aeronautical part of the device, the balloons of its balloon module are filled with helium until the module reaches positive buoyancy and are balanced in the horizontal plane, the said node and part of the device are connected by a flexible shaft and cables, which are then slowly etched from the hoists to until under the influence of aerostatic lifting force the module with the power unit reaches the lifting height, where the average annual wind speed is lyayut not less than 20-25 m / s. The flexible shaft is pulled into the string, after which the tension of the cables is programmatically set and the longitudinal and lateral stability of the module and the horizontal axis of rotation of the radial-axial rotor are further regulated. These cables extinguish the reactive moment, insignificant in magnitude, but, nevertheless, taking place due to the rotation of a low-speed rotor. The aeronautical part of the wind turbine rotates along a circular path with air flow around the mooring unit and is fixed so that its longitudinal axis of symmetry coincides with the direction of the wind. Starting from a height where the wind speed is sufficient for this, if the device has the appropriate surfaces - in this case, rigid bottoms of end cylinders, a small and increasing aerodynamic lifting force arises as it rises. The high-speed pressure of the wind rotates the radial-vane rotor, this rotation is directed first to the input shaft of the gearbox, and then from its output shaft with the help of a flexible shaft it enters the generator through the multiplier. The generated energy after the controller, battery and inverter is supplied to consumers.

When the direction of the air flow changes, its pressure acts on the windward side surfaces and keel of the aerostat module and the support of the horizontal-plane stabilizer, the aeronautical part of the device under this pressure tends to move where the wind began to blow. This movement through a flexible shaft stretched into a string, a multiplier with an electric generator, their racks are transmitted to a freely rotating platform of the mooring unit. The circular movement of the aeronautical part of the installation, together with the rotation of the said platform, ends when the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the aerostat module coincides with the direction of the wind and does not resume without new dynamic changes in the atmosphere. The synchronous nature of the movement of the considered structural elements eliminates undesirable sharp bends of the flexible shaft and twisting of the cables.

To carry out repairs and maintenance of the wind generator, including refueling balloons of the balloon module with helium, during storm warnings about the expected exceeding of the critical threshold wind speed of 50 m / s, the flexible shaft is disconnected from the input shaft of the multiplier, the cables are wound on winches and the aeronautical part of the device decreases to the berth . The flexible shaft at the same time arbitrarily lays on the ground.

In order to improve the weight and size characteristics of the aerostat module, to reduce the volume of refueling of its balloons with helium, the multiplier and generator were moved to the ground position and assigned to the mooring unit. In this case, the rotation should be transferred from the rotor axis, which is raised to the level of high-speed winds, to the ground-based generator under conditions when the rotor in the aeronautical part of the installation describes circles in the atmosphere for orientation to the wind and changes the vaporization height depending on the speed of air flows. Thus, the flexible shaft used for communication of rotation must be reliable and freely change the inclination to the ground to the widest possible extent without interfering with other components of the installation. The reliability of the flexible shaft is ensured by the fact that with positive buoyancy of the aeronautical part of the device its sharp bends are excluded, the shaft is always stretched into a string. The freely varying angle of inclination of the flexible shaft is the connection of its upper end to the output shaft of a mechanical gearbox, and the lower end to the input shaft of the multiplier. Both shafts in the lower bracket of the mechanical gearbox housing and, accordingly, the ground part of the power unit swing on the horizontal axes available for this, and the multiplier with the generator also rotates together on the moving platform of the berth unit, where they occupy a common leeward position. The overlap of the flexible shaft and cables is excluded by changing the mounting scheme of the coaxial winches transferred to the windward side of the platform base.

The use of a land-based aeronautical wind turbine is especially important in climatic zones, primarily continental, where the average annual wind speeds at the level of the surface layer of the atmosphere up to 100 meters high are weak and insufficient to generate air flow energy to produce domestic and industrial capacities, and the lifting of power blocks to high-speed winds (from 300 meters and more) on tower supports is an exceptional matter in complexity and volume of construction costs, and even impossible on light soils. The wind turbine, when used in vast areas of those regions of the world that are subject to dust storms even at wind speeds of 8-10 m / s, is raised beyond the surface level of 70-150 meters with a high density of abrasive soil particles in the atmosphere, which produce rapid wear of wind energy equipment.

Claims (1)

Land-based aeronautical wind turbine as a part of the aeronautical part of the transverse support for interconnected gas-filled balloons of a positive buoyancy balloon module and power unit with a wind rotor, planetary gear, electric generator, berthing unit containing a cable and a cable-cable, a ground curbstone with a rotating platform two coaxial winches, characterized in that the radial-blade rotor is located on the leeward side of the arch-bridge support of gas-filled cylinders, its axis coinciding with the direction of the air flow, looks at the wind with its free end, the generator, together with the multiplier, are lowered to the platform of the mooring unit, integrated into one unit and secured in the leeward position inside the racks, so that the winches available right there can swing moved to the windward side, non-powered roller tables were used to support the platform on the ground pedestal, the rotation of the rotor axis is sent first to a 3-speed manual gearbox, and then thanks to A side shaft of a fixed length, stretched into a string, enters the multiplier and then into the generator, the gearbox housing consists of two U-shaped brackets: an upper fixed input shaft protruding from the shelf, communicating with the free end of the rotor axis of rotation, and the shelf attached to the aforementioned arch-bridge support, and the lower bracket in a shelf with an output shaft that communicates with a flexible shaft, which swings freely, for which the sidewalls of the brackets are facing in the opposite direction, a common horizontal axis is passed through them - it’s the 2nd gear shaft change gear.

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