RU2661380C2 - Disk cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, namely to tillage rotary tools. Disc cultivator contains a frame with posts mounted therein with the possibility of changing its position by the height. Pair of flat discs are fixed to the posts by means of hubs, which are equipped with blades and inclined to each other in a horizontal and vertical planes. Along the periphery each flat disk is bent to a predetermined angle for fixing along the circumference on the bent blades area in the form of a knife. Each blade cutting edge has a contour formed by a segment of a logarithmic spiral, which convexity is facing towards the direction of movement and is made toothed along the contour. Each tooth leading edge has the shape of a half of the parabola, which branch is turned away from the bent flat disk center, and the vertex and its bulge are in the direction of the movement and from the tooth nose to the heel is made along the parabola.

EFFECT: such design solution provides a reduction in the tillage energy consumption, a stable depth of tillage and an increase in the soil crumbling degree.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to rotary implements for tillage.

Known rotary implements for surface tillage, containing batteries of disk working bodies, consisting of separate sections, including two disks mounted on a curved axis with the possibility of free rotation. In this case, the rotation planes of these two disks form an angle α between themselves. The curved axes of the sections are connected to each other motionlessly and form a solid battery, the bending lines of the curved axes of each section lying in the same plane, deviated from the vertical towards the translational movement of the gun by an angle ϕ, at which the minimum distance between the disks at the level of the field surface in the exit zone them from the soil [1].

The disadvantage of this tool is that it performs only surface tillage, poorly copies the surface of the field and is not able to perform deeper tillage.

A disk cultivator is also known, including a frame with uprights and a pair of flat discs fixed to the uprights by means of hubs inclined to each other in horizontal and vertical planes having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear [2].

The disadvantages of the disk cultivator are that for deepening the disks requires a significant vertical load, which leads to uneven tillage in depth. In addition, high-quality crumbling of the soil is not always ensured due to slippage of disks and insufficient engagement of the formation located in the interdisk space.

The prototype is a rotary cultivator, including a frame, racks mounted on it and a pair of flat discs, inclined to each other in horizontal and vertical planes, having a greater distance between the upper front cutting edges than between the lower rear and fixed to the racks by means of hubs, and the racks are equipped hydraulic vibrators that ensure their vibration in the axial direction, and the flat discs are equipped with blades having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid and located radially around the circumference of their cutting second edge, and the blade fixedly attached to the disks with the inner side of the trapezoid larger base and smaller base length is equal to the maximum depth of the soil processing [3].

The disadvantages of this invention are the low quality of the soil processing and the significant energy consumption of the cultivation process due to the presence of a blade having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, which leads to rapid wear and breakage of blades of this shape.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The technical result is a reduction in energy intensity of tillage, ensuring a stable depth of cultivation and an increase in the degree of crumbling.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a disk cultivator including a frame, racks mounted on it with the possibility of changing their position in height, fixed to the racks by means of hubs, equipped with blades and tilted to each other in horizontal and vertical planes, a pair of flat disks, each flat the disk is bent around the periphery at a given angle and on the bent area around the circumference are fixed blades in the form of a knife, while the cutting edge of each blade has a contour formed by the logar section a spiral, the convexity of which is turned towards the direction of movement and is serrated along the contour, with the front edge of each tooth having the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is facing away from the center of the bent flat disk, and the apex and its convexity are facing the direction of movement.

The disk cultivator is illustrated by the schemes:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a rotary cultivator;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a rotary cultivator, top view;

FIG. 3 is a diagram for constructing a contour of a cutting edge of a blade;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the construction of the leading edge of the tooth of the scapula.

The disk cultivator (Fig. 1 and 2) consists of a frame 1 and mounted on it with the possibility of changing its position in height of the uprights 2. It also includes a pair of flat disks 3, fixed to the uprights by means of hubs 4, which are equipped with blades 5 and inclined to each other friend in horizontal and vertical planes. Moreover, each flat disk 3 on the periphery is bent at a given angle and on the bent area 6 around the circumference are fixed blades 5 in the form of a knife. At the same time, the cutting edge of each blade has a contour 7 (Fig. 3), formed by a section of a logarithmic spiral, the convexity of which is turned in the direction of movement and along the contour 7 is made gear. Also, the front edge 8 of each tooth 9 has the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is directed from the center of the bent flat disk 3, and the apex and its convexity are in the direction of movement and are made from the toe K to the heel M of tooth 9 along the parabola section (Fig. 4) .

The present invention works as follows.

When the gun passes through the field, pre-treated with disk or paw working bodies, discs 3 cut the surface layer and are buried in the soil to a predetermined depth a . In the process of movement, due to friction, the disks 3 rotate in the direction of translational movement of the unit. Moreover, due to the execution of the contour 7 of the cutting edge passing along the ends of the teeth 9 of the blade 5, along a section of a logarithmic spiral whose polar axis is at the intersection of the circle lines of the disk 3 and the longitudinal axis of the blade 5, the soil and weeds are trimmed in a vertical plane with sliding and minimum energy consumption of the cutting process. Under the action of the teeth 9 of the blade 5, the leading edge 8 of which has the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is facing away from the center of the bent flat disk 3, and the apex and its convexity are in the direction of movement, the soil lumps are destroyed, and the soil and weeds are cut at an angle slip. Next, the cropped soil layer, rising along the working surface, enters the bent part 6 of the disk 3, where intensive crumbling of the soil occurs without increasing the traction resistance of the working body 3. In addition, the implementation of the toothed cutting edge of the blade 5 in the above form provides sliding cutting and deformation of the soil with the least resistance and helps to control the trajectory of the soil bed, which reduces its rejection to the side.

Thus, such a design of the disk cultivator provides a steady penetration of the disk working bodies into the soil and an increase in the degree of crumbling of the treated formation with minimal energy consumption.

List of used literature.

1. RF patent №2520124, IPC АВВ 21/08; 23/00; 35/28. Rotary implements for surface tillage / A.R. Valiev, B.G. Ziganshin, R.V. Minikaev et al. 11/26/2012, publ. 06/20/2014, bull. Number 17.

2. Panov I.M. Physical foundations of soil mechanics / I.M. Panov, V.I. Vetohin. - K .: Phoenix, 2008 .-- S. 36-38.

3. RF patent No. 2552364, IPC АВВ 35/28. Rotary cultivator / A.R. Valiev, N.K. Mazitov, B.G. Ziganshin, R.V. Minikaev et al. 02/03/2014, publ. 06/10/2015, bull. No. 16.

Claims (1)

A disk cultivator, including a frame mounted on it with the possibility of changing its position along the height of the rack, fixed to the racks by means of hubs, equipped with blades and tilted to each other in horizontal and vertical planes, a pair of flat disks, characterized in that each flat disk is bent around the periphery and on the bent area around the circumference are fixed blades in the form of a knife, while the cutting edge of each blade has a contour formed by a section of a logarithmic spiral, the convexity of which is turned into the direction of movement and along the contour are serrated, with the front edge of each tooth having the shape of a half parabola, the branch of which is facing away from the center of the bent flat disk, and the apex and its convexity are facing the direction of movement.

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