RU2231942C1 - Potato cultivation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment for soil cultivation and potato seedling care.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has rotavation drum with horizontal axis of rotation and housing with ridge former. Hilling-up tools are mounted rearward of rotavation drum centrally of ridge spacing. Ridge former has combined horizontal soil guiding device and conical surfaces arranged in two planes in spacing at an acute angle relative to apparatus advancement direction. Conical surfaces are equipped with elongate moldboards arranged adjacent to furrow bottom.

EFFECT: improved quality of soil cultivation and enhanced reliability in operation of apparatus, in particular, during ridge cutting process before potato planting operation and during growing period.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for tillage and planting of potatoes cultivated on ridges.

Known milling cultivator comb generator, containing a frame, support wheels, gearbox, milling sections mounted on a pivotally springed ridger ridges (1).

A disadvantage of the known milling cultivator is the inability to use it in the preparation and processing of wide ridges.

Known row cultivator containing sections of the milling working bodies with a horizontal axis of rotation, a casing above the milling drum, soil reflectors, the surface of which is made in the form of a longitudinally located cone (2).

A disadvantage of the known cultivating cultivator is the narrow specialization in inter-row processing of plants, the inability to use wide ridges when processing, since this bed does not create a bed for the tractor wheels to pass, the ridges do not fit together and the shape of the ridge does not allow controlling the accumulation of sediments in the ridge.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of soil cultivation and increase the reliability of work when cutting ridges before planting potatoes and their processing during the growing season.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for cultivating potatoes contains a milling drum with a horizontal axis of rotation, a casing with a comb forger, and behind the milling drum in the center of the row spacing there are twisting working bodies and a comb forger. The latter is made in the form of a combination of a horizontally positioned soil guide and two-plane cone-shaped surfaces located in the row-spacing at an acute angle to the direction of movement, equipped with elongated dumps in the area of the bottom of the furrow. In this case, the soil guide is equipped with a removable leveler, the trailing edge of which is made along an arc of a circle.

Distinctive features of the proposed device for the cultivation of potatoes is that it is equipped with centering aisles behind the milling drum hilling working bodies and a comb forger, made in the form of a combination of a horizontally positioned soil guide and two-plane conical surfaces. The cones are located in the aisle at an acute angle to the direction of movement and are equipped with elongated dumps in the area of the bottom of the furrow. In this case, the soil guide is equipped with a removable leveler, the trailing edge of which is made along an arc of a circle. These differences allow us to conclude that the inventive device for cultivating potatoes meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis with known technical solutions and a prototype shows that the inventive device for potato cultivation is characterized by the presence of new structural elements and the placement of the working bodies in such a technological sequence that allows you to perform operations on the preparation of ridges and their processing with high quality, reliability. So, the installation of a hiller behind the milling drum of the working body allows the gun to form a furrow bottom and move part of the soil sideways to the center of the ridge, and then installed two-plane conical surfaces form slopes of the ridge. At the same time, two-plane cone-shaped surfaces are equipped with elongated dumps, which makes it possible to form a flattened furrow bottom for passage of tractor wheels. The presence of an earthing working body installed behind the milling drum, and the constructive implementation of the comb forger in the form of two-plane conical surfaces in combination with a horizontal plane, extension cones and a removable leveler increases the reliability of the process and its quality. This allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device for the cultivation of potatoes, side view; figure 2 is a top view; figure 3 is a diagram of the ridge after the passage of the gun.

A device for cultivating potatoes contains a frame 1 with support wheels 2, a milling drum 3 with a horizontal axis of rotation mounted on it. The support wheels are installed with the ability to change the magnitude of the depth of the working bodies in the soil. The drive of the milling drum is carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft through the gear 4. A casing 5 is located above the milling drum, to which a comb-former 6 is pivotally and spring-loaded.

Behind the milling drum, with the help of a holder mounted on the comb-former 6, an earthing working element 7 is installed with the possibility of controlling the depth of the stroke along the center of the row spacing, intended for the preliminary formation of a furrow. Behind the hilling working body, a soil guide 8 is installed, which is made in the form of two-plane conical surfaces located at an acute angle to the direction of movement. Cone-shaped soil guides 8 at the rear are equipped with elongated dumps 9 in the area of the furrow bottom, which allows the formation of a flat furrow bottom of up to 300 mm in size for the passage of tractor wheels. Between the two wheels, a removable screed 10 is attached to the horizontal rear of the combing machine by fixing bolts (not shown), the trailing edge of which is made in a circular arc with a radius of 550-1000 mm (when cultivating potatoes) or in the form of a trapezoid (when cultivating vegetable crops). When inter-row cultivation and earthing up after planting on a device for cultivating potatoes, milling working bodies are installed in the variant for loosening the soil in the rows of potatoes, and part of the milling working bodies located in the ridge zone is removed.

A device for cultivating potatoes works as follows.

When cutting ridges for planting vegetables and potatoes, milling working bodies for continuous tillage are installed on the device. The device is hung on a MTZ-82 type tractor. The drive of the milling drum is carried out from the tractor power take-off shaft through the gear 4. When moving, the device is mounted on the tractor with a frame 1, based on the support wheels 2, copies the soil profile. Milling drums 3 loosen the soil to a depth of 15 cm and push the soil backward relative to the direction of motion to the hilling tool 7 and comb 6. The soil particles hit the working tool 7 and move sideways on the ridge when moving, part of the soil hits two-plane cone-shaped surfaces soil guide 8 and also moves sideways on ridges. Part of the soil falls into the zone of operation of extension dumps 9 and moves from the bottom of the furrow towards the center of the ridge. Part of the soil in the area between the cone-shaped soil guides 8 under the action of the rear part of the soil guide 10 profiles the upper part of the ridge in the form of a recess (“a” of Fig. 3) in conditions of lack of moisture, or the ridge is made with a rounded peak (“b”) to drain moisture to the bottom furrows, turning the back of the soil guide 10 for this. The size of the recess or roundness is changed by moving the back of the soil guide 10 along the fixing bolts. When the device for cultivating potatoes is moved after planting, the milling working bodies actively loosen the soil in the row-spacing zone, and the hilling working body 7 and cone-shaped soil guides 8 move the soil to the ridge, making up the hilling of plants and filling the seedlings of weeds.

The positive effect of the application of the proposed device for the cultivation of potatoes is to improve the quality of soil cultivation, the reliability of the process when cutting ridges and inter-row cultivation.

Sources of information

1. SU 1443829, class A 01 B 49/02, 1989.

2. SU 1739869, class A 01 B 39/12, 1992.

Claims (2)

1. A device for cultivating potatoes, containing a milling drum with a horizontal axis of rotation, a casing with a comb-forming machine, characterized in that the device is equipped with spudging working bodies installed in the center of the row spacing behind the milling drum, and the comb-forming machine is made in the form of a combination of two-plane conical surfaces and horizontally placed between them located soil guide, and the two-plane conical surfaces of the comb former are installed in the row-spacing under the edge m angle to the direction of travel and are equipped in the area of the bottom of the furrow elongated piles. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil guide is equipped with a removable leveler, the trailing edge of which is made along an arc of a circle.

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