RU2652819C2 - Disc tool for surface treatment of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular to disc tools for loosening and leveling the topsoil, breaking lumps and destroying weeds. Disc tool for surface treatment of the soil contains a frame and at least two batteries with operating elements, as well as a chain drive for synchronizing the operation of the batteries. Working elements of the batteries are ellipsoidal, rigidly fixed to the shaft. Large axes of the ellipses are inclined to the axis of the shaft at an angle of α = arcsin [D/(2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoid disc in the profile plane, 2a is the major axis of the ellipse. In this case, the large axes of the ellipses of adjacent discs are rotated clockwise relative to each other around the axis of the shaft by an angle of β = 180k/(n-1), where n is the number of ellipsoid discs in the batteries, k is an odd number of periods of total rotation of the discs by 180 degrees.

EFFECT: invention ensures increased operating efficiency of the device.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to disk tools for loosening and leveling the upper soil layer, the destruction of lumps, soil crust and the destruction of weeds. It can be used both as an independent tool and as a module of combined tillage units.

Known tillage tools containing a frame with support wheels, loosening legs, rod leveling devices and working batteries, round flat or serrated discs of which are obliquely mounted on the shaft (AS USSR No. 586859, A01B 49/02, publ. 05.01.1978, Bull. No. 1; AS USSR No. 1501939, А01В 49/02, publ. 08/23/1989, Bull. №31 and RF patent №2117419, АВВ 7/00, А01В 21/08, publ. 08/20/1998) .

The disadvantages of these tools include uneven depth of processing, clogging of the interdisc space with soil, wear of the hinges of the working sections and low efficiency due to the unstable dynamics of the disk batteries themselves.

Also known is a combined tillage implement containing a frame with support wheels, loosening legs, a leveling device, and also a rotary battery with a drive, the ellipsoidal working disks of which are rigidly mounted on the shaft at an arbitrary angle (AS USSR No. 1662377, А01В 49/02, published on July 15, 1991, Bull. No. 26).

However, fixing ellipsoidal disks with arbitrary parameters to the axis at an arbitrary angle α = 10 ... 30 ° turns them into essentially inclined ellipsoidal disks that unevenly process the soil and contribute to the appearance of dynamic loads on the drive mechanism and bearing bearings.

The closest technical solution to this invention in essence is a disk harrow (RF patent for utility model No. 89920, IPC АВВ 23/00, published on December 27, 2009). It contains a frame and at least two batteries with working bodies made in the form of round flat disks that are rigidly fixed to the shaft at a certain angle. To synchronize the operation, the battery shafts are kinematically connected to each other using a chain transmission.

However, this technical solution, like analogues, has significant drawbacks that lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the disc harrow as a whole. The fact is that as a result of the inclined fastening of round flat disks on the shaft, their profile projections, i.e. projections onto a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation are obtained in the form of ellipses. For this reason, during operation, the harrow frame, together with the discs, begins to oscillate in a vertical plane, i.e. starts to jump. The larger the angle of inclination of the discs, the greater the amplitude of vertical vibrations. This, in turn, violates not only the process of entry of working disks into the soil, but also worsens the kinematics of the sliding cutting of the formation. In addition, when processing wet soils, clogging of batteries with lumps and plant debris is observed here.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the working bodies of the batteries of the proposed tool are ellipsoid and rigidly fixed to the shaft, with the large axis of the ellipses being inclined to the axis of the shaft at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane, 2a - the major axis of the ellipse. For mutual balancing of lateral forces, the large axes of the ellipses of the adjacent disks are rotated one relative to the other around the axis of the shaft clockwise by an angle β = 180k / (n-1), where n is the number of ellipsoidal disks in the batteries, k is the odd number of periods of the total rotation of the disks by 180 degrees. In addition, to ensure self-cleaning, the rear battery disks are structurally located between the front battery disks.

By the totality of the features, the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty", since the working bodies of the batteries, unlike the prototype, are ellipsoidal and mounted on the shafts at a design angle α. At the same time, the discs are fixed on the shafts with a clockwise rotation also relative to each other by the calculated angle β.

The disk tool meets the criterion of "inventive step", since the claimed technical solution is not obvious, it was proposed for the first time and, in combination of features, provides a solution to the urgent technical problem.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed tool in the working position, made in the form of an independent tillage unit, in FIG. 2 is the same, top view, in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 2, and in FIG. 4 shows a diagram of securing ellipsoidal disks on a shaft.

The proposed tool (Fig. 1 and 2) in the variant of an independent soil cultivating unit consists of a frame 1, an attachment 2. At least two batteries are mounted on the bearing supports 3, the shafts 4 and 5 of which are kinematically connected to synchronize their work using a chain drive 6. On the shafts 4 and 5 of the batteries, working bodies are rigidly mounted, made in the form of ellipsoidal disks 7 strictly at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)]. Only in this case, the profile projections of the ellipsoidal disks 7 are obtained in the form of circles with a given diameter D, i.e. provides a constant distance of the cutting edge of the discs from the axis of rotation. The large axes of the ellipses 2a of the adjacent disks 7 (Fig. 3) are rotated one relative to the other around the axis of the shaft clockwise at an angle β = 180k / (n-1) (Fig. 4). This allows you to mutually balance the lateral forces arising from the translational movement of the unit. The number of periods k of the total rotation of the disks by 180 degrees should be odd and depends on the distance between the disks and the working width of the implement, the minimum number k = 1. A rod rotor 9 is installed on the frame 1 by means of a hinged lead 8. To regulate the depth of tillage, plates 10 with holes are welded to the frame 1 on the sides, the position of the hinged lead 8 with respect to the frame 1 is fixed with fingers 11.

The proposed tool works as follows. With the translational movement of the unit, the working bodies of the batteries, made in the form of ellipsoidal disks 7, are buried in the soil to a predetermined depth. Due to the sliding friction force of the working surfaces on the soil, they rotate around the axes of the shafts 4 and 5 and move in space along a complex path. On the surface of the field, they move along a sinusoidal path. Due to their design features, ellipsoid disks 7 smoothly change the angles of entry into the soil within one revolution and act on the formation with their lateral surfaces. As a result, the process of soil crumbling is activated and weed vegetation is effectively destroyed. Since the disks of the rear battery constructively enter between the disks of the front battery, and the operation of the batteries is synchronized by chain transmission 6, self-cleaning of the inter-disk space from lumps and plant debris is ensured. Rod rotor 8, on the one hand, limits the deepening of the disks 7, i.e. it regulates the depth of processing, and on the other hand, evens out the microrelief, additionally crumbles the soil and compacts the loosened top layer.

The technical and economic effect is expressed in the fact that the constancy of the distance of the cutting edge of the disks from the axis of rotation dramatically improves the dynamics of the movement of the unit, therefore, its technological stability. The movement of the gun becomes stable, i.e. without vertical vibrations. Disks enter the soil without jerking, stabilizing the kinematics of cutting the formation and crop residues, ensuring uniformity of the depth of tillage. In contrast to the prototype, here, when designing, you can assign the angle of inclination of the disks to the axis of rotation over a wide range, without violating the constancy of the distance of the cutting edge from the axis of rotation. Together, all this leads to an increase in the effectiveness of the gun.

Claims (2)

1. Disk implements for surface tillage, containing a frame and at least two batteries with working bodies, as well as a chain gear for synchronizing battery operation, characterized in that the working bodies of the batteries are ellipsoid, rigidly fixed to the shaft, and the large axis of the ellipses are inclined to the shaft axis at an angle α = arcsin [D / (2a)], where D is the diameter of the ellipsoidal disk in the profile plane, 2a is the large axis of the ellipse, while the large axis of the ellipses of the adjacent disks are rotated one relative to the other around the shaft axis clockwise Christmas tree at an angle β = 180k / (n-1), where n - the number of disks in the elliptical battery, k - an odd number of periods of the total disk rotation by 180 degrees. 2. Disk tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear battery disks are structurally located between the front battery disks, and a bar rotor is mounted on the frame using hinged leashes.

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