RU2568453C1 - Raw mix for ceramic brick manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to manufacturing ceramic bricks with a thinning agent and can be used in industrial and civil engineering. A raw mix for ceramic brick manufacturing contains clay and a thinning agent; the thinning agent represents ash having a particle size of no more than 2.5 mm and produced by burning of mixed bark waste and recovered stock, which is sediment of mechanic and biological treatment of pulp and paper waste water in the following ratio, wt %: clay 90-97, the above ash 3-10. The mixed bark waste and recovered stock have the following composition, wt %: bark 50-55, waste wood and saw dust 20-25, woodchips and woodchip waste 10-15, anhydrous recovered stock 10-15.

EFFECT: manufacturing of ceramic products meeting the requirements specified in State Standard (GOST) 530-2012, with reducing a man-caused load on environmental objects, extending raw material base, recycling bark waste and recovered stock.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of ceramic bricks with a thinning additive and can be used in industrial and civil engineering.

Known raw mix (RF patent No. 2200138 of 03/10/2003) for the manufacture of building products containing ash microsphere, clay and liquid glass, wt.%: The specified ash microsphere 60-70, clay 20-30, liquid glass up to 20.

A disadvantage of the known raw material mixture is the low compressive strength of 5-10.5 MPa.

The closest mixture of the same purpose to the claimed mixture in terms of features is a raw material mixture for the preparation of ceramic and ceramic stones and bricks (RF patent No. 2148047 dated 04/27/2000), consisting of clay and a thinning additive, which is used ashes from industrial and municipal wastewater of municipal utilities or its mixture with sand or sawdust in a ratio of 1: 1 to 6: 1. The ratio of components in the mixture, wt.%: Exhaust additive 2.0-80, clay 20-98. This composition is adopted as a prototype.

Signs of the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed mixture is clay; thinner supplement.

A disadvantage of the known mixture adopted as a prototype is the use of ash from the burning of industrial and domestic wastewater from municipal utilities, which is a potential sanitary and epidemiological hazard, as an exhausting additive. In addition, to ensure the high strength characteristics of ceramic products, it is necessary, along with ash, to use additional resources, such as sand and sawdust, for the preparation of exhausting additives.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to obtain ceramic products that meet the requirements of GOST 530-2012, while reducing the anthropogenic load on natural objects, expanding the raw material base, utilizing bark and wood waste and osprey.

The problem was solved due to the fact that the known raw material mixture for the production of ceramic bricks, including clay and a thinning additive, contains ash with a particle size of not more than 2.5 mm obtained from burning a mixture of bark and wood waste and osprey - a sediment of mechanobiological the wastewater treatment of pulp and paper production in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:

clay 90-97 specified ash 3-10,

the mixture of bark and wood waste and osprey contains wood bark, wood waste and sawdust, wood chips and waste from the production of wood chips and dehydrated osprey in the following ratio, wt.%:

tree bark 50-55 wood waste and sawdust 20-25 wood chips and waste from the production of wood chips 10-15 dehydrated osprey 10-15

Distinctive features of the inventive mixture from the raw material mixture of the prototype are: the raw material mixture contains as an exhaustive additive ash with a particle size of not more than 2.5 mm obtained from burning a mixture of bark and wood waste and osprey; another quantitative ratio of the ingredients used wt.%: clay - 90-97; the specified ash is 3-10; the mixture of bark and wood waste and osprey contains wood bark, wood waste and sawdust, wood chips and waste from the production of wood chips and dehydrated osprey in the following ratio, wt.%: wood bark - 50-55; wood waste and sawdust - 20-25; wood chips and waste from the production of wood chips - 10-15; dehydrated osprey - 10-15.

The clay used in the raw material mixture has the following composition, wt.%: SiO ₂ 69.24-69.1; Al ₂ O ₃ 12.63-12.04; TiO ₂ 0.98; Fe ₂ O ₃ · FeO 5-4.5; CaO ₃ 2.99-4.25; MgO 1.51-1.41; SO ₃ 0.24-0.45; Na ₂ O 0.59-0.44; K ₂ O 1.02-0.85; p.p.p. 4.88-5.49.

The particle size distribution of clay is as follows:

1-0.5 mm - 0.01-0.21%;

0.5-0.25 mm - 0.07-0.2%;

0.25-0.063 mm - 1.57-3.39%;

0.063-0.01 mm - 48.91-52.42%;

0.01-0.005 mm - 7.6-8.56%;

0.005-0.001 mm - 9.23-13.15%;

less than 0.001 mm - 22.07-32.61%.

As an exhaustive additive, ash is used, which is formed during the burning of bark and wood waste and osprey, a sediment of mechanobiological wastewater treatment of pulp and paper production. The list of waste is presented in table. one.

Hazardous components are absent in the ash composition, since the ash used is formed during the burning of chemically untreated bark and wood waste and osprey.

The ash used as a depleting additive is 90% composed of carbonates and oxides of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, 10% - other impurities. The particle size of the ash is not more than 2.5 mm.

Granulometric composition of ash:

1-0.5 mm - 1.21-3.01%;

0.5-0.25 mm - 6.07-7.2%;

0.25-0.1 mm - 19.57-20.38%;

less than 0.1 mm - 68.07-71.21%.

A method of obtaining a raw mix includes the steps of preparing clay, molding products, drying and firing. At the preparation stage, the clay is crushed, followed by feeding into the clay mixer, where the ash is dosed in predetermined proportions. Previously, the ash is sieved through a sieve with a hole size of 2.5 mm. After mixing, the resulting mass is fed to the molding, then dried and calcined in a tunnel oven at a temperature of 1000-1015 ° C.

The method allows to obtain a raw mix less susceptible to fire and air shrinkage. The average density of the ceramic product after drying and firing is 1815-1705 kg / m ³ . Moreover, the ceramic product meets the requirements of GOST 530-2012.

The test results of ceramic samples for strength and frost resistance are presented in table. 2 and 3.

As can be seen from the data presented, the obtained ceramic products with an ash content of 3% correspond to grade M125 in strength, with an ash content of 6% correspond to grade M150, and with an ash content of 10% correspond to grade M75.

As can be seen from the data provided, the products obtained with an ash content of 3-6% correspond to the frost resistance grade F50, and with an ash content of 10% correspond to the F25 grade.

Thus, the proposed technical solution is industrially applicable and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic products in accordance with GOST.530-2012 “Ceramic brick and stone. Technical conditions. "

The advantage of the proposed technical solution is that it allows to reduce the anthropogenic load on natural objects, expand the raw material base, and utilize bark and wood waste and osprey.

Claims (1)

A raw material mixture for the manufacture of ceramic bricks, including clay and a sludge additive, characterized in that as a sludge additive it contains ash with a particle size of not more than 2.5 mm, obtained from burning a mixture of bark and wood waste and osprey - a sediment of mechanical and biological wastewater treatment of cellulose papermaking in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
clay 90-97 specified ash 3-10,
the mixture of bark and wood waste and osprey contains wood bark, wood waste and sawdust, wood chips and waste from the production of wood chips and dehydrated osprey in the following ratio, wt.%:
tree bark 50-55 wood waste and sawdust 20-25 wood chips and waste from the production of wood chips 10-15 dehydrated osprey 10-15