RU2567015C1 - Tillage disc section - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the tillage machines. The disc section comprises a rack for mounting it on the machine frame and the discs mounted on the common shaft. The shaft is mounted in the bearing assembly housing of the section. The axis of the shaft and the rack are located in one plane. The section is provided with two needle discs and the spherical disc with the concavity of the sphere directed outwardly. The bearing assembly is located between the spherical and the needle discs.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to reduce the erosion processes by creating alternating stripes with stubble on the surface and the embedded stubble and the discontinuous furrows, as well as to simplify the design.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to tillage machines.

Known three-disk sections of tillage units, containing two bearing units, two racks, which require two brackets to be installed on the machine (AF Zhuk et al. Recommendations on the use of combined units to perform moisture-saving technological processes. ”AgroNIIETIIITO, M. 1989. - P. 13 .; Bartenev I.M., Pozdnyakov E.V. Effective methods and technical means of stump removal.Tractors and agricultural machinery, 2013, No. 9. - P. 13-15).

A disadvantage of the known three-disk sections is the complexity of their design due to the presence of two bearing units and two racks. These sections cannot perform soil-protective treatment with alternating strips of stubble embedded in the soil and stored on the field; they do not contain devices for adjusting the angle of attack of the disks.

Known double-disc sections with two disks on a common shaft and one rack, mounted on the housing of one for the section of the bearing assembly. Such sections, as well as disks on an individual rack, are installed on the machine in the transverse row (RF Patent No. 2427119, АВВ 21/08 - prototype).

Placing the vertical axis of rotation of this section and the axis of the shaft with the disks in the same plane and the equidistance of the rack from the disks allow changing the angle of attack to preserve the specified placement of the strips processed by the front and rear rows of sections and working without flaws when changing the angle of attack. For such double-disc sections, two times less racks, bearing assemblies, bearings, safety mechanisms, lubrication points are required. Bearings of the bearing unit of such a section are located at a greater distance from one another, which during operation reduces the load on them.

A disadvantage of the known section is that it cannot perform soil-protective tillage with alternating strips with stubble and with planted residues in which water-holding irregularities (holes, grooves) are placed. Such treatment is often the most effective: strips with stubble accumulate snow on the field well, ensure wind resistance of its surface, and due to the presence of strips without mulch in the spring, the soil warms up and rips faster, and holes, furrows delay flow and prevent erosion.

An object of the invention is to provide a soil-protective strip tillage with alternating strips with plant residues stored on the surface of the field and embedded in the soil, in which intermittent water-retaining furrows are located, as well as simplifying the design of the disk section,

The technical problem is solved in that the tillage disk section containing a rack for mounting it on the machine frame and discs mounted on a common shaft mounted in the housing of the section bearing unit, the shaft axis and the rack are in the same plane, according to the invention is equipped with two needle discs and facing the concavity of the sphere to the outside of the section by a spherical disk, while the bearing assembly is placed between the spherical and needle discs.

In addition, the stand of the section is shifted to the needle disk, the distance between the disks is less than the radius of the needle disk, the needle disks are made with curved teeth and installed in the section with the possibility of teeth entering the soil with the convex side of their arcs, and the spherical disk is made with a cut depth of 0.5 ± 0.1 radius of the disk, located in the sector 60 ... 90 °.

In the proposed disk (three-disk) section with one rack, its auxiliary devices are used more intensively: one rack, one bearing assembly and a safety mechanism - on three disks. A section can be right (a spherical disk is placed right along the way) and left (a spherical disk is placed left along the way).

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a tillage disc section (right) - front view; in FIG. 2 is the same side view, in FIG. 3 - the same, top view.

The tillage disk section contains mounted on a common shaft 1, compressed by nuts 2, the extreme spherical disk 3, turned outward by concavity, bearing assembly 4, two needle discs 5 and 6 with curved teeth 7, in which the working rib has the shape of a convex arc. The disks 5 and 6 are separated by a bobbin 8. A C-shaped spring strut 9 is mounted on the bearing assembly 4 (it can be a direct rigid or spring loaded), equipped with a device 10 with a pin 11 for mounting it on the machine frame and a leash 12 for its rotation about the axis of the finger when adjusting the angle of attack of the section. Bearing unit 4 with a rack 9 is placed between the spherical 3 and needle 5 and 6 discs. The stand 9 is biased toward the needle disk 5. The axis of the shaft 1 and the axis of the pin 11 for turning the stand 9 are located in the same plane. It is permissible to use a spherical disk 3 with a diameter D larger than the diameter d of the needle disks 5 and 6.

Needle discs 4 and 5 are installed in sections with the possibility of the entry of their teeth into the soil with the convex side of their arcs. The stand 9 is displaced to the needle disk 5. The distance l between the disks 5 and 6 is less than the radius r (2r = d) of the needle disk 5 or 6. The spherical disk 3 is made with a cut to a depth of 0.5 ± 0.1 of the radius of the disk r, located in sector 50 ... 90 °. These cutout parameters provide a jumper in the furrow along the track of the disc when it is deepened by 8 ... 16 cm.

During the work of the tillage section, the spherical disk 3 cuts plant debris, cuts the furrow, crumbles a strip of soil, casts it outside the furrow (away from the concavity of this disk), mixes it with the soil and covers up the plant debris into it. A groove remains on the trail of the spherical disk 3, and a crest on its side.

Needle discs 4 and 5 loosen the strip with plant debris, storing them on the surface of the field in the form of a stub link, which prevents the removal of snow and fine earth from the field.

When installing several rows of sections on a machine, a mirror-like section of the rear row, placed on the side of the spherical disk of the front section, should be installed so that the spherical disk 3 of the rear section discards the soil from its furrow and the crest formed by the same disk going in front the furrow created by this disc. Spherical disks of 3 sections of the back row close up the furrows from the same disks 3 of the previous row of sections. If there is a deep cutout on disc 3, its section does not discard the soil, so a jumper breaks the furrow and a water-retaining furrow forms.

The proposed disk sections on a tillage machine can be placed in a transverse row in the same way as disks on individual racks. Since the traction resistance of the needle disk and the lateral reaction of the soil on it are much smaller than on the spherical disk, and the strut is shifted to the needle disk, on the wings of the section with one spherical disk on one side of the strut and with two needle discs, on the other, the drag forces significantly balanced, so the torque on the rack section is negligible.

The proposed disk section, while maintaining the stub link, provides anti-deflation treatment, and creating intermittent water-holding furrows on the field, performs anti-erosion treatment.

In the proposed three-disk section, one bearing unit and rack are used more intensively than in the known three-disk sections with two bearing units and two racks.

The soil cultivating disk (three-disk) section with spherical discs with a notch and two needle discs will find application in frontal harrows and tillage combined units for soil-protective agriculture.

Claims (2)

1. Tillage disk section containing a rack for mounting it on the machine frame and discs mounted on a common shaft mounted in the housing of the bearing unit of the section, the shaft axis and the rack are located in the same plane, characterized in that the section is equipped with two needle discs and facing the concavity of the sphere to the outside of the section by a spherical disk, while the bearing assembly is placed between the spherical and needle discs. 2. The tillage disk section according to claim 1, characterized in that the column stand is offset to the needle disk, the distance between the disks is less than the radius of the needle disk, the needle disks are made with curved teeth and are installed in the section with the possibility of teeth entering the soil with the convex side of their arcs, and the spherical disk is made with a cutout with a depth of 0.5 ± 0.1 of the radius of the disk, placed in the sector 60-90 °.

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