RU2427119C1 - Disc-shaped soil tilling equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: equipment includes frame and at least two rows of two-disc sections with posts and discs of various radii, which are installed on frame beams with transverse offset. Discs in the section are located on one axis and installed with possibility of rotation, with attack and roll angles. Posts of double-disc sections are fixed in vertical frame sleeves, and they are also straight and can be turned about their axis. Posts of sections are equipped with drive tangs hinged to adjusting rod providing the turn of posts. Axis of post is offset towards larger disc. Axes of discs and posts of section are located in one plane. Distance between discs is less than radius of larger disc, but larger than the half distance between posts of the row of sections.

EFFECT: design will allows increasing operating stability of equipment under extreme soil conditions.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to tillage machines.

Tillage machines are widely known with disk working bodies installed in several rows with the blade blade plane inclined to a horizontal plane (with a roll angle) and mounted on individual racks curved at the bottom, articulated with the frame and rotated relative to the vertical axis / 1 /. The disks are equipped with a group (for the whole row) mechanism for adjusting the angle of attack.

The disadvantage of such machines is the complexity of the design due to the need for a separate rack and bearing assembly for each disk. In addition, in order to preserve the inter-trace when adjusting the angle of attack of disks mounted in several rows, it is necessary that the axis of the hole for attaching the rack pass through the lower point of the disk, and this requires bending of the lower part of the rack.

Known disk tillage implement containing a frame and two rows of double-disc sections mounted with transverse displacement on the transverse beams of the frame with unregulated angle of attack and roll and individually spring-loaded leashes and discs of different radii located on the same axis and mounted with rotation / 2 - prototype /.

Such a machine contains half the number of racks and bearings, however, the angle of attack of its disks is not adjustable, which affects the adaptability of the machine to operating conditions. With increased humidity and contamination of the field, its operation is difficult due to clogging of the sections, since the angle of attack cannot be reduced, and with increased hardness of the soil, the depth of the disks deteriorates, since there is no way to increase their angle of attack.

An object of the invention is to increase the stability of the disk tillage implement under extreme soil conditions by adjusting the angle of attack of its double-disk sections, rational parameters and placement of double-disk sections.

, при этом радиус r=0,8…0,92R, а расстояние между рядами стоек двухдисковых секций, по крайней мере, в три раза превышает расстояние между дисками секции.The problem is achieved in that in a disk tillage implement containing a frame and at least two rows of double-disc sections mounted with transverse displacement on the transverse beams with racks and disks of different radii located on the same axis and mounted for rotation with an angle attack and roll, according to the invention, the double-disc section racks, mounted in the vertical frame bushings, are made straight swiveling about their axis and are equipped with leashes pivotally connected to the adjustments ary traction providing rotation racks, the axis of the post is offset to more disk drives and rack section axes are in one plane, and the distance between the discs is less than the bigger radius of a disc, but more than half the distance between the uprights a number of sections. In addition, the radii r of the smaller disk and R of the larger disk, the distance l between them and the angle σ of deviations of the plane of the blades from the vertical are related by the expression

while the radius r = 0.8 ... 0.92R, and the distance between the rows of racks of the double-disk sections is at least three times the distance between the disks of the section.

, при этом радиус r=0,8…0,92R, а расстояние между рядами стоек двухдисковых секций, по крайней мере, в три раза превышает расстояние между дисками секции.Comparison of the claimed invention with the prototype shows that it is new that the racks of the double-disk sections mounted in the vertical bushings of the frame are made straight rotatable with respect to their axis and are equipped with leashes pivotally connected to an adjusting rod that rotates the racks, while the axis of the strut is shifted to a larger the disk, the axis of the disks and the rack sections are located in one plane, and the distance between the disks is less than the radius of the larger disk, but more than half the distance between the racks of a number of sections. In addition, the radii r of the smaller disk and R of the larger disk, the distance l between them and the angle σ of the deviation of the plane of the blades from the vertical are related by the expression

while the radius r = 0.8 ... 0.92R, and the distance between the rows of racks of the double-disk sections is at least three times the distance between the disks of the section.

Thus, in terms of features, the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

The inventive disk tillage tool meets the criterion of "inventive step", as it is not obvious and despite its effectiveness has not been implemented to date.

The proposed method meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", as it can find application in disc harrows and disc-paw combined units.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a disk tillage implement, top view; figure 2 is the same side view; figure 3 - double-disk section, front view, A - right, B - left.

The disk tillage implement contains a frame 1 with a connecting device 2, two rows of right 3 and left 4 with rotary straight posts 5 arranged with transverse displacement, fixed in vertical bushings on the transverse beams of frame 1, a mechanism for adjusting the angle of attack of the sections in the form common for a number sections of traction 6 and screw turnbuckle 7 and roller 8 with leashes 9 and drum 10.

The double-disk section contains a straight circular cross section rotatable in a vertical sleeve of the frame 1, a straight strut 5 with a leash 11, pivotally connected to the adjusting rod 6, a bearing assembly 12, a larger disk 13 with a radius R and a smaller one 14 with a radius r and a distance between them l greater than the radius R of the larger disk, but less than half the distance L between the racks of a number of sections. This embodiment provides overlap of the grooves formed by the disks, and continuous undercutting of the formation. In the prototype, the racks are curved and have several axles.

The rack 5 is shifted to the larger disk 13 in order to reduce the torque on it from the soil reaction on the disks. In sections 3 and 4, the axis of the disks 13 and 14 and the strut 5 are located in the same plane. At the same time, adjusting the angle of attack of the sections (setting its extreme values on the implement) less affects the position of the strips processed by the disks of the front and rear sections, reduces the deviation of the strips from rational placement, which ensures complete (taking into account lateral cleavage of the soil) cutting of the formation.

The frame 1 contains cheeks 15 with holes for installing a finger, restricting the rotation of the leashes 9 and lifting the drum 10 of the roller and the deepening of the discs. On the rods 9 of the roller, dimensional shields 16 are fixed, and on the frame 1 - scraper 17 and support legs 18.

Reflective shields (not shown) are fixed on the side beams of the frame, which prevent the extreme discs from dropping the soil towards their concavity beyond the borders of the treated strip.

, где r=0,8…0,92R. При знаке равенства в выражении достигается одинаковое заглубление большего 13 и меньшего 14 дисков, установленных с углом крена. При меньшем значении σ больший зубчатый диск 13 может быть заглублен несколько больше, чем меньший 14 при его выполнении со сплошным гладким лезвием.Disks of different sizes are installed in the section, which determines the presence of a roll angle σ of them, which improves their depth and ability to mix the soil of the treated layer. The radii r of the smaller disk 14 and R of the larger toothed disk 13, the distance l between them and the roll angle σ of the disks of sections 3 and 4 to the horizontal plane are related by the expression:

where r = 0.8 ... 0.92R. With an equal sign in the expression, the same deepening is achieved for a larger 13 and a smaller 14 disks mounted with a roll angle. With a smaller value of σ, the larger toothed disc 13 can be deepened slightly more than the smaller 14 when it is performed with a continuous smooth blade.

The distance S between the rows of racks of the double-disk sections 3 and 4 is increased in comparison with that used in similar tools and is at least three times greater than the distance between the disks 13 and 14 of the section. This increase also increases the reliability of work on clogged, waterlogged agricultural backgrounds.

The device operates as follows.

When preparing the tool for work with the screw mechanism of the turnbuckle 7, the angle of attack of each row of disk sections 3 and 4 is adjusted and set for the specific conditions. By moving the finger in the cheeks 15 of the frame 1, the height of the drum 10 of the roller 8 is limited and the required processing depth is set. When treating waterlogged soil with plant debris, the minimum angle of attack of the section (15 °) is set, and when disking dry solid soil - the maximum (26 ... 30 °). Due to the rational ratio of the distance between the racks 5 in a row and the interdisk - l, complete cutting of the processed layer without flaws is achieved.

When changing the soil conditions with the screw mechanism of the lanyard, the angle of attack of the sections is changed. This provides the possibility of high-quality reliable operation under different soil conditions, including under extreme.

During operation, the disk sections 3 undercut the formation, crush the plant debris and discard the soil with them away from the grooves along the track of the disks. The rear disk sections 4 loosen the strip between the grooves and provide complete without any flaws in the formation. The rollers 8, limiting the deepening of the disks, provide the established depth of loosening, level the microrelief, additionally crumble the soil and compact the loosened layer.

Instead of direct rotary hard racks of double-disc sections, a disk tillage implement may contain similarly placed sections with the same aspect ratio of their devices and with racks spring-loaded straight and rotary relative to its vertical axis.

The disk tillage implement will find application as an independent implement for post-harvest cultivation, pre-sowing cultivation, crumbling blocks, and also as a disk module for combined tillage units.

Claims (3)

1. A disk tillage implement containing a frame and at least two rows of double-disc sections mounted with transverse displacement on the transverse beams with racks and discs of different radii located on the same axis and mounted with the possibility of rotation, with an angle of attack and roll, different the fact that the racks of the double-disk sections, mounted in the vertical bushings of the frame, are made straight rotatable with respect to their axis, and are equipped with leashes pivotally connected to the adjusting rod, providing rotation , The axis of the post is offset to more disk drives and rack section axes are in one plane, and the distance between the discs is less than the bigger radius of a disc, but more than half the distance between the uprights a number of sections. 2. The disk tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii r of the smaller disk and R of the larger disk, the distance 1 between them and the angle σ of the deviation of the plane of the blades from the vertical are related by the expression

while the radius r = 0.8 ... 0.92R. 3. The disk tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the rows of racks of the double-disc sections is at least three times the distance between the disks of the section.

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