RU2540705C1 - Ceramic mass to produce wall items, preferably, ceramic bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: ceramic mass for making wall items, preferably ceramic bricks, comprises clayey raw materials with content of aluminium oxide 7.8-9.9%, activated carbonate-siliceous zeolyte-containing rock and additionally small-sized swollen vermiculite, produced from small-sized particles of vermiculite field dumps with the ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide 3.9:1, at the following ratio of components, wt %: clayey materials with content of aluminium oxide below 10% 43-51; activated carbonate-siliceous zeolyte-containing rock 42-50; small-sized swollen vermiculite produced from small-sized particles of vermiculite field dumps with the ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminium oxide 3.9:1 7-9.

EFFECT: increased compression strength and reduced volume weight of finished goods, expansion of mineral raw base.

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Description

The invention relates to building materials, namely the production of bricks and ceramic stones.

Known ceramic mass for the manufacture of effective ceramic bricks of low thermal conductivity and density, containing 70-90% medium plastic clay and 10-30% expanded vermiculite of the Kovdor deposit [1].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using a known substance include the fact that the known ceramic mass solves the problem only of improving the heat-insulating properties of the brick.

It is known to use small-sized vermiculite as a technological additive in clay raw materials for ceramic bricks [2]. It was found that with the addition of 10% small-sized vermiculite to well-sintered clay raw materials, the compressive strength of ceramic samples increases by 30-50%, and the average density decreases by 05-0.09 g / cm ³ . However, the addition of vermiculite to clay raw materials of low quality does not lead to an increase in the strength characteristics of ceramics.

Closest to the claimed invention, the composition for the same purpose in terms of features is the composition of the ceramic mass for the manufacture of wall products, mainly ceramic bricks, including, wt.%: Low-melting clay - 70-75% and 25-30% carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rocks [3 ].

The reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using a known substance adopted as a prototype include the fact that products from a well-known ceramic mass of known composition have insufficiently high strength characteristics and thermal insulation properties.

The objective of the present invention is to obtain ceramic wall products based on low-quality low-melting clay raw materials and non-metallic mining waste with improved strength and thermal insulation properties.

The technical result is an increase in compressive strength and a decrease in bulk density of finished products, the expansion of the mineral resource base.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the known ceramic mass for the manufacture of wall products, mainly ceramic bricks, includes low-melting clay raw materials, carbonate-silicon zeolite-containing rock, according to the invention, clay raw materials with an alumina content of 7.8-9.9% are used , and as a technological mineral additive - activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rock and additionally small-sized expanded vermiculite, obtained of small particles of heaps of vermiculite deposits with a silica to alumina ratio of 3.9: 1, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: clay raw materials with alumina content of 7.8-9.9% - 43-51, activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rock - 42-50, small-sized expanded vermiculite obtained from small-sized particles of heaps of vermiculite deposits with a silica to alumina ratio of 3.9: 1 - 7-9.

The use of these components leads to an improvement in the sinterability of the three-component raw material mixture due to a more optimal ratio between calcium and silicon oxides and to a decrease in the bulk density of ceramics. In addition, expanded small-sized vermiculite with a certain ratio of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide (3.9: 1) intensifies the process of solid phase sintering, which also affects the increase in compressive strength.

As a result of firing this mixture, a higher strength finely porous crystalline structure of silicate compounds is obtained, which leads to an increase in compressive strength with a rather low bulk density of the samples providing good thermal insulation properties.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed ceramic mass differs from the known new components, namely small-sized expanded vermiculite with a defined ratio between silicon and aluminum oxides and clay raw materials with an alumina content of less than 10% and activated carbonate-silicon zeolite-containing rock.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "Novelty."

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "Inventive step", the applicant conducted a search on patent and scientific and technical sources of information of known solutions that match the distinctive features of the claimed substance from the prototype.

The search results showed that the claimed invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for the specialist, since the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention on the achievement of the technical result is not revealed from the prior art determined by the applicant.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "Inventive step".

Substances used in ceramic mass.

Table 1 shows the chemical composition of clay raw materials, activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-bearing rocks and small-sized expanded vermiculite.

The clay raw materials of the Sakharovskoye deposit (Republic of Tatarstan) are low-melting, moderately ductile, acidic, highly dispersed, and are of low quality (the content of Al ₂ O ₃ is less than 10%, free quartz - about 40%, montmorillonite component - 18%).

The carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rock of the Tatarsko-Shatrashansky deposit (Republic of Tatarstan) of mixed mineral composition, containing opal-cristobalite 37%, clinoptilolite 25%, calcite 18%, clay component 20%, is poorly plastic and low dispersed.

Expanded small-sized vermiculite obtained from small-sized particles of dumps from the Tatar deposit in the Krasnoyarsk Territory contains 42-45% silicon dioxide in a ratio with aluminum oxide of 3.9: 1. The bulk density of vermiculite is 320 kg / m ³ , the coefficient of thermal conductivity at 25 ± 5 ° C is 0.070 W / m · ° C. To small-sized vermiculite is a rock with a particle size of less than 0.63 mm, which is not a sought-after product and is discharged into dumps.

Examples confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

Example 1

Products from the declared ceramic mass are made according to the generally accepted technology of ceramic production, by means of semi-dry pressing or plastic molding.

The preparation of clay raw materials in the plastic method includes drying the raw materials, crushing on a jaw crusher, soaking with water in order to obtain normal molding moisture, aging the mass during the day. In the semi-dry method of pressing from a moistened mass, granules are obtained on a screw mixer with a diameter of 10 mm, the granules are dried at 100-110 ° C to a moisture content of 9-11%, the granules are crushed and a press powder is obtained consisting of two fractions of approximately the same quantitative fraction with size particles from 2.5 to 1.25 mm and less than 1.25 mm.

The initial carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rock is dried to a moisture content of not more than 7%, ground to a particle size of less than 300 microns, and subjected to activation in an SMG-EMK-005-1 type electric classifier to obtain particles smaller than 100 microns.

The preparation of expanded small-sized vermiculite includes the operation of drying vermiculite rock, its enrichment according to the developed technology [4, 5] in order to obtain a concentrate with a certain content of silicon and aluminum oxides, expansion at a temperature of 900 ° C for 7 minutes.

The expanded small-sized vermiculite is mixed with clay raw materials and activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rock (with a plastic method) or with a press powder obtained from the above components (with a semi-dry method), and the three-component mixture is incubated for 2 days.

Formation of samples during semi-dry pressing is carried out at a pressure of 30-35 MPa.

Samples are dried in a drying chamber at 35-80 ° С, burned in furnaces at a temperature of 1020-1060 ° С.

Table 2 shows the composition of the raw mixes for the manufacture of ceramic products.

table 2 The composition of the raw mixes Name of source
components The content of components, wt.% Composition number one 2 3 four 5 Clay raw materials 43 51 45 43 48 Activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-bearing rock fifty 42 46 52 40 Small Expanded Vermiculite 7 7 9 5 12

Table 3 shows the physico-mechanical properties of products obtained from the claimed ceramic mass, depending on the content of the starting components in the raw material mixture.

Table 3 Physical and mechanical properties Physical and mechanical properties of products Composition number Prototype one 2 3 four 5 Compressive strength, MPa 33.4-35.6 32.1-33.7 32.7-34.1 25.4-27.6 17.4-19.6 19.5-29.4 Porosity,% 33.1-33.7 32.2-32.9 32.5-33.2 33.3-34.0 33.5-34.2 32.1-33.9 Volume weight
full body
products, g / cm ³ 1.65-1.68 1.59-1.64 1.58-1.61 1.63-1.65 1.61-1.64 1.67-1.71 Volume weight
products with
voidness of 22%,
g / cm ³ 1.29-1.31 1.24-1.28 1.23-1.26 1.27-1.29 1.26-1.28 1.30-1.33

From the above data it follows that the optimal values of compressive strength and bulk density of products from the claimed ceramic mass are achieved when the ratio of the components specified in the compositions No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3.

Table 4 presents the results of studies on the effect on the physical and mechanical properties of products obtained from the declared ceramic mass for composition No. 1, depending on the introduction of activated or inactive carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rocks into the mass.

Table 4 Carbonate-siliceous zeolite-bearing rock Compressive strength, MPa Volumetric weight of a full-bodied product, g / cm ³ Activated 33.4-35.6 1.65-1.68 Inactive 28.5-30.1 1.64-1.66

As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the introduction of activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-containing rocks into the composition of the claimed mixture leads to an increase in compressive strength at a practically constant average density.

Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention:

- a tool embodying the claimed ceramic mass in its implementation, is intended for use in industry, namely in the production of building materials;

- the claimed ceramic mass ensures the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant, namely, an increase in the compressive strength of the products and a decrease in bulk density;

- for the claimed ceramic mass in the form as described in the independent clause of the claims, the possibility of its production using the examples described in the application is confirmed.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "Industrial applicability".

Using the claimed invention will allow the production of bricks with high strength characteristics. The compressive strength of the brick of the claimed ceramic mass is 9-21% higher relative to the maximum value in the prototype, the volumetric weight of full-body products is less by 0.03-0.13 g / cm ³ .

Information sources

1. Patent 2462433 of the Russian Federation. Ceramic mass for the manufacture of bricks. IPC 6 С04В 33/00 ,. 2012.

2. Non-traditional types of non-metallic raw materials for the production of building ceramics / A.V. Kornilov // Building materials. M. 2005. No. 2. C.1-2.

3. Patent 2140888. RF. Ceramic mass for the manufacture of wall products, mainly ceramic bricks. IPC 6 С04В 33/00, 1999 (prototype).

4. Patent 2000845. A method for enriching vermiculite / V.P. Luzin, L.P. Luzin. 5 B03D 1/02. 1993 (Russia).

5. Patent 2080938. A method for enriching vermiculite / V.P. Luzin, L.P. Luzin. 6 B03D 1/008. 1997 (Russia).

Claims (1)

Ceramic mass for the manufacture of wall products, mainly ceramic bricks, containing clay raw materials and a mineral additive - carbonate-silicon zeolite-containing rock, characterized in that clay materials with an alumina content of 7.8-9.9%, activated carbonate-silicon zeolite-containing rock are used and additionally, small-sized expanded vermiculite obtained from small-sized particles of heaps of vermiculite deposits with a silica to alumina ratio of 3.9: 1, followed by em component ratio, wt.%:
Clay raw materials with content alumina 7.8-9.9% 43-51 Activated carbonate-siliceous zeolite-bearing rock 42-50 Small-sized expanded vermiculite, obtained from small particles of dumps deposits of vermiculite with a ratio silica to alumina 3.9: 1 7-9