RU2427997C1 - Device to extract solid admixtures from manure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: device comprises a drum installed on a frame and having a cylindrical perforated surface. The cylindrical perforated surface is arranged of separate sieves. The device comprises a drive, a spring-loaded punching roller, a deflector rod, trays for manure and admixtures, a hopper with vertical side and outside-inclined front and back walls. On the inner side of the hopper rear side, on the axis there are hopper mass agitators installed hingedly, in several horizontal rows, in a staggered manner with limiters of their motion. Hopper mass agitators are arranged as short upper and longer lower rakes. The rakes form an obtuse angle with each other in the vertical plane, arranged with the possibility of adjustment. The rear wall is installed with the possibility of reciprocal motion along the guides of the hopper side walls. ^ EFFECT: device ensures more even delivery of manure mass to working elements, which provides for higher device efficiency. ^ 3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for preparing manure for use.

A device for dividing manure into fractions is known (USSR AS No. 1665903, class A01C 3/00, 1991), taken as an analogue containing a perforated drum with a drive mechanism, a squeezing device in the form of a roller, made of a rod with male rings, knife for removal of solid fraction.

The disadvantages of this device are the lack of effectiveness in cleaning the perforated surface: the part of the manure in the holes remains, and only the protruding part from the inner surface of the drum is cut with a knife; manure is subjected to repeated processing before exiting the drum. All this reduces the performance of the device.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed is a device for separating solid impurities from manure (Preliminary patent KZ No. 14588 A01C 3/00, 2004), adopted as a prototype containing a frame, a perforated drum, the side surface of which consists of individual sieves that rotate around the axes , drive, hopper, on the back wall of which there is a spring-loaded punching roller, a breaker rod and trays for removing the purified fraction and solid impurities.

The disadvantage of this device is the formation in the hopper due to the high stickiness and low fluidity of the manure of a single sticky mass. During processing, a vault is formed, which impedes the uniform supply of manure to the working bodies of the device. This results in reduced device performance.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of the device by ensuring a uniform supply of manure from the hopper to the working bodies.

The technical result consists in periodically reducing the density of manure in the hopper by tedding and reducing or increasing the intensity of tedding, depending on the physicomechanical properties of the dung mass.

This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed design of the device, containing a drum with a cylindrical perforated surface made in the form of separate sieves, a drive, a spring-loaded punching roller, a jack rod, trays for manure and impurities, a hopper with vertical front and side front and the rear walls, in contrast to the prototype on the inner side of the rear wall of the hopper in rotation of the drum in several horizontal rows, in a checkerboard pattern are placed agitators of the bunker s with stops their movement. The rear wall is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the guides of the side walls of the hopper. When overcoming impurities by the forcing roller, the back wall of the hopper together with agitators, reciprocating along the guides of the side walls of the hopper, leads to loosening of the sticky manure in the hopper.

Agitators are short (upper) and long (lower) rake. Short rakes are designed for partial tedding of the adhered mass when the back wall of the hopper moves up. Long rakes provide for agitating the adhered mass and pushing it to the forcing zone when the back wall of the hopper moves down. The rake arms are pivotally mounted on the axes and have the ability to rotate relative to the latter, form an obtuse angle in the vertical plane, which is 90 ... 160 ° and is made adjustable.

The staggered arrangement of the rake provides for alternate movement of the mass of manure in horizontal and vertical directions.

To increase the efficiency of tedding the dung during the reciprocating movement of the rear wall of the hopper, the ends of the short and long rakes are smoothly bent to each other.

Depending on moisture, manure composition and hopper parameters, different tedding intensities are required. For this, it is possible to change the angle in the vertical plane within 90 ... 160 ° by spreading and rotating the crown bushings and rake to the required angle. The magnitude of this angle provides a different intensity of tedding the dung mass of the device. With increasing or decreasing angle, the tedding intensity of the mass changes.

When processing manure with a humidity of more than 80%, the mass supplied to the drum has a fluidity, therefore, it freely passes through the inner space of the hopper, without forming arches. In such conditions, the angle between the rakes must have large values in the claimed interval, while setting the angle of more than 160 ° is not feasible due to the presence of rake rotation limiters.

Manure with a moisture content of 50 ... 75% has viscoplastic properties and is prone to arch formation during passage through the interior of the bunker. Reducing the angle to the minimum values of the proposed interval allows you to increase the sector of interaction of the rake with the processed material.

With a further decrease in the angle value below 90 °, the sector of interaction between the rake and the processed mass will also decrease, which will lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of periodic tedding.

The optimal value of the considered angle should be determined experimentally, depending on the influence of the above factors.

As a result of a search of scientific, technical and patent documentation, the authors did not find an identical technical solution, which confirms the compliance of the claimed device with the criterion of "novelty", in addition, such claimed features as the location of agitators on the rear wall of the hopper in the form of short and long rakes that form dull adjustable angle, and the implementation of the rear wall of the hopper is movable with the achievement of a positive effect - the destruction of the compilation of manure and reduce or increase the intensity tedding spine depending on its physical and mechanical properties, are not known or explicitly follow the art, that allows to conclude that the claimed technical solution to the criterion "Inventive Level".

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 presents a General diagram of a device for the separation of solid impurities from manure; figure 2 - the rear wall of the hopper with a punching roller; figure 3 - node I in an enlarged view from figure 1; figure 4 - side wall of the hopper; figure 5 is a section aa from figure 4; in Fig.6 - node II in an enlarged view from Fig.2.

The device comprises a drum 1 with a lateral perforated surface, a hopper 2 for feeding manure, fixed by racks (not shown) on the frame 3. The rear wall 4 of the hopper 2 is installed in the guides 5 (figure 5) of the side walls 6. On the inner surface of the rear wall 4 hopper 2 parallel to the lateral perforated surface of the drum 1, uniformly over the entire surface of the rear wall 4, on the axes 7 (Fig.3) by means of crown sleeves 8 (Fig.6) there are rakes: short 9 and long 10. Moving rake 9, 10 in vertical planes fix limiters 11, 12, and in the horizontal plane - springs 13, 14 of equal stiffness.

Squeezing roller 15 (figure 1) is placed inside the hopper 2 above the perforated surface of the drum 1 and mounted on an axis 16, which is rigidly connected with the rear wall 4 of the hopper 2. The rear wall 4 of the hopper 2 and the sagging roller 15 are made in a single kinematic connection and have the ability to carry out joint reciprocating motion.

The interaction of the side surface of the drum 1 with rigidly interconnected pusher roller 15 and the rear wall 4 of the hopper 2 is carried out using springs 17. The pressing force of the pusher roller 15 is regulated by a screw mechanism 18. The lateral perforated surface of the drum 1 is made up of sieves 19, which can be rotated on the axes 20 The drive shaft 21 of the drum 1 is mounted on the supports 22 of the frame 3. In the lower quarter of the device, in the direction of rotation of the drum 1, parallel to forming, at a distance less than the chord of the side of the sieves and 19 from the side of the perforated surface, the fencing rod 23 is located. It is fixed by means of racks 24 on the frame 3. In the lower part of the device under the drum 1 on the frame 3 there are trays 25 and 26 for removing the purified fraction and solid impurities. The drive is carried out by an electric motor 27 through a gearbox (not shown) and a chain gear 28.

The device operates as follows. Manure through the hopper 2 is fed to the side perforated surface of the drum 1. When the hopper 2 is fully loaded with bedding manure, humidity 60 ... 75%, due to the high stickiness and low fluidity of the material, a single sticky mass is formed in it. Under the action of the drive mechanism, the drum 1 rotates, involving the lower layers of manure in contact with the perforated surface of the drum 1, in the interval between the forcing roller 15. During the rotation of the drum 1, the forcing roller 15 also receives a rotational movement relative to the axis 16, while driving it in contact the surface of the particle and draws them into the zone between the forcing roller 15 and the lateral perforated surface of the drum 1. Manure from the forcing zone under the influence of a spring-loaded forcing Attack 15 passes through the openings of the sieves 19 into the internal cavity of the drum 1. Having passed it, it enters the tray 25 for the descent of the cleaned material.

After processing the lower layers of manure interacting with the lateral perforated surface of the drum 1, voids are formed in the lower part of the hopper 2 due to the low fluidity of the material.

Upon receipt of an impurity having a size larger than the hole size to the forcing roller 15, the forcing roller 15 is lifted and rolled through it. In this case, the forcing roller 15 moves along the guides 5 the rear wall 4 of the hopper 2. When rising, the rake 9, 10 located on the rear wall 4 of the hopper 2 acts on the adhered mass of the litter manure. In this case, the lower, from any pair, tines 10, resting on the lower rotation limiters 12, push apart the manure layers shifted by the upper tines 9. After the impurities pass under the action of the springs 17, the rear wall 4 along the guides 5 of the hopper 2 together with the forcing roller 15 returns to the original position. In this case, the rake 9, 10, encountering the resistance of the mass, begin to rotate along the axes 7 in the direction of rotation of the clockwise. When the rake 9 interacts with the upper rotation limiters 11, their movement stops. When lowering the back wall 4 of the hopper 2 rake 9, 10, interacting with manure, push its nearby layers to the punching zone.

Thus, the adhesion mass is destroyed and the process of arch formation is reduced.

The angle α is adjusted by expanding along the axes 7 of the crown sleeves 8 and the rake 9, 10 and rotating them clockwise or counterclockwise. After setting the required value of the angle α under the action of the springs 13, 14 of the sleeve 8 is returned to its original closed state.

With a further rotation of the drum 1, the removal of impurities from the perforated surface occurs under the action of gravity or as a result of the collision of the reclining sieve 19 with the breaker rod 23. The reclining sieves 19, reaching the sector 270 ... 300 ° (in the fourth quarter), are returned to the original by gravity position on the drum 1. Sieve 19 (surfaces and holes), completely cleaned of impurities and residues of manure, are moved to the zone of forcing the hopper 2, and again the process of separation of impurities.

Due to the periodic destruction of arch formation by tedding and reducing or increasing the tedding intensity, depending on the physicomechanical properties of the dung mass, a more uniform supply of dung mass to the working bodies is ensured, which leads to an increase in the productivity of the device.

Claims (3)

1. A device for separating solid impurities from manure, containing a drum mounted on a frame with a cylindrical perforated surface made in the form of separate sieves, a drive, a spring-loaded punching roller, a breaker bar, trays for manure and impurities, a hopper with vertical front and side front and the back walls, characterized in that on the inner side of the rear wall of the hopper, on the axes pivotally, in several horizontal rows, staggered with limiters of their movement are mounted whether the bunker mass in the form of short upper and long lower rakes, forming an obtuse angle with each other in the vertical plane, made with the possibility of regulation, the rear wall is mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the guides of the side walls of the bunker. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the short and long rakes are smoothly bent to each other. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the rakes is 90 ... 160 °.

Images